Abo ngentla - Bala okanye Duke? Yintoni eyenza sikhulu esivela Count?

Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe phezu ixesha elifutshane kakhulu watshintsha ihlabathi lethu. Ezininzi izinto ezibe vogue nekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo, namhlanje yinto elidlulileyo. Umzekelo, kwi lo mbuzo: "Ngubani na mkhulu - Bala okanye Duke," ookhokho bethu ukuba wawubaphendula ngoko nangoko.

Noko ke, uninzi lwethu, yena uyakwazi wayifaka nasezirhangeni eyimfama. Eneneni, abemi kwenkulungwane xxi Akumangalisi ukuba ulahlekile kwisihloko wabanumzana, yaye ngakumbi ke ukucacisa umahluko phakathi yinkosana evela Count.

Imbonakalo ngamafa yezikhulu

Indlela yokuma koluntu ephakathi kwaye kulawulwa ngokungqongqo. Wonke umntu ukusuka ekuzalweni wayithimba iqondo elithile, kwaye utshintsho kwiklasi enye ukuya kwenye kwakungenakwenzeka. Kwangaxeshanye, kumaXesha Aphakathi, kwabakho ukwehla loluntu, apho eyayilawula indlela yobomi kunye nobudlelwane phakathi iiklasi.

Osesikhundleni wabonakala eYurophu kwinkqubo ukuyilwa feudalism, xa kukho imfuneko ukufezekisa ubudlelane phakathi akwa kunye akhonze zabo. Kule umsebenzi lokugqibela ukukhusela umdla nobomi uNdikhoyo feudal ukusuka lowo ungene lilifa yeflakisi. Ngoko ke, lo nene medieval - njengegorha, nalungela ikhwelo le suzerain ukujoyina nomkhosi wakhe.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukutshintsha ubudlelwane yoqoqosho kuluntu, kunye nalo nendima yezikhulu. Umzekelo, igrafu - isiqu leyo ethetha kwi ekuqaleni kuMbindi Ages umlawuli omkhulu bondage, ibekwe amandla ngokupheleleyo kwisiphaluka sakhe. Noko ke, emva kokumiselwa ithi esembindini ilifa layo bebonakalise njengomncedisi nje ukuba izikhulu eliphezulu - izikhulu.

izidwangube osesikhundleni eYurophu

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, iklasi ngamnye isakhiwo engqongqo oluneqela elinegunya. Ngoko ke, lo izikhulu yahlulwa ezinyanya ukukhalaza, kwakunye ukuba izihloko olunesihloko esithi ngokungabi. Iqela lokugqibela kuwo onke amazwe abo kakhulu ezininzi.

ukubandakanya Social ngabafo tribal ugqibe ubunyani yokuzalwa kwintsapho entle, ngoxa amalungelo abenzi lokuba yinxalenye iklasi nelungelo ngenxa merit lobuqu okanye inkonzo yoluntu engenasiphako.

iingangamsha osesikhundleni ngelo phezulu iphiramidi oluneqela elinegunya, yesibini kuphela ngookumkani gentility kunye namalungu entsapho yasebukhosini. Abathetheli, iindwalutho, ukubalwa, marquises, zizigwili, viscounts baba ngophakathi feudal ephakathi eNtshona Yurophu.

Kodwa ke umthetheli - isiqu busetyenziswa kakhulu kwilifa amanene le ithi Slavic. umdlalo Eyona nto ibalulekileyo prince Western eYurophu okanye isikhulu.

Imvelaphi izihloko amanene

Emva kweminyaka emininzi kangaka ngoku akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo xa nendlela aba ngesiqu ungunyana wabanumzana. Masithi igrafu - isihloko ukuba abaphandi oyiqhagamshelanise igama lesiLatini uyeza. Ngoko ngasekupheleni uBukhosi baseRoma ukuba ngokuba iindwalutho aphezulu karhulumente. Namhlanje, kwiilwimi Romance, lo gama esibhaliweyo njengoko Conte (Italian), Conde (Spanish) kunye comte (French).

Zezizwe Franks kumaXesha Aphakathi ekuqaleni sobalo ebizwa iinkokheli zoluntu lali. Kwiinkulungwane eziliqela kamva, ngexesha lolawulo uCharles i Bald, ubunini zabo isihloko, kunye nelungelo lolawulo yaqala ukuba ilifa.

iinkosana Slavic ekuqaleni iintloko zezizwe, yaye kuphela emva kweenkulungwane kwalo ngesiqu wazihlanganisa nokuzala, ukulawula intsimi ethile, unelungelo lokulawula, ilifa.

Ngaloo ndlela, uya uqaphele into eqhelekileyo kwisihloko "iNkosana" yaye "Bala". Umahluko Ekuqaleni eendawo ngakumbi. E Western Yurophu, ukusebenzisa amagama asetyenzisiweyo, ngoxa iMpuma and Central - Prince. Kuphela kwexesha ezi izihloko ufumene enye intsingiselo.

Petrine Table of kwezikhundla

ngabafo Russian yaqalwa kwinkulungwane XII ngokusekelwe ngamakhoboka kwi kwinkonzo izinduna nabathetheli. Bazenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo neenkundla kwakunye nolawulo, kunye isibophelelo ukuya emkhosini kwi mkhosi yenene.

Peter I ekulweni generic Boyar ngophakathi eyaqamba kweencwadi ezintsha ungunyana wabanumzana, abolekwe Western Yurophu. Ngoko ke, kwinkulungwane XVIII eRashiya, kunye nezikhulu kwavela izibalo zizigwili. Ezi kunye nezinye izinto eziluyilo ebhalwe iTafile kwezikhundla - uluhlu lwe yoluntu, inkundla kunye namagosa omkhosi.

Kwathatha ixesha elithile, de abalawulwa nguzwilakhe Russian ukuqonda isakhiwo oluneqela ezintsha nako ukuqonda ukuba ngubani na aphezulu - Bala okanye Duke. Isihloko Last olwalukho eRashiya ixesha elide, kwaye ngexesha wokulawula uPetros ndandineminyaka 47 iintsapho amahle eRashiya.

Isibonelelo yetayitile ngodumo

iinguqu kaPetros wazisa isiphelo iqela yeengcungcu, leyo yayisekelwe gentility. Ukususela ngelo xesha, abathetheli sibe nje kwinzala Rurik kunye Gediminas. Umphakamo kumthetheli okanye isidima ubalo ngoku kwakuxhomekeke ukuthanda soMhlekazi.

I yokuqala eRashiya, phambi kokwamkelwa iTafile ezintlwini, wamkela isihloko Bala Boris Sheremetyev - Marshal kunye nabo Petra Velikogo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke abo bangena yokumkani wenguquko ngesisa ulinikwe iincwadi ezintsha. UCatherine II liphakanyiswe kwisidima Count ukuba ikakhulu abazithandayo.

Kuba iprojekthi entsha isicelo kwaye unyango oluthile: Obalaseleyo wakho, Mhlekazi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba abalawuli kwenkulungwane XVIII. Siye akadla ilungelo elinjalo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, lo mbuzo: "Ngubani na mkhulu - Bala okanye Duke" igosa Russian ngelo xesha, mhlawumbi, ukuba bathi: "Le Count". Kwinkulungwane elilandelayo le isihloko yalungiselelwa ikakhulu abalungiseleli okanye abo kucingelwa imbasa uMyalelo Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Yintoni eyahlukileyo ukusuka Prince of Bala

Ngenkulungwane XIX, ookumkani abazange okwenkawu kwi ibhaso elitsha. Ngoko ke, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane eRashiya kwakukho 310 ukuzalwa njengenkosana, abathetheli-250. Kwiimeko ezizodwa kakhulu, omnye nene wavunyelwa ukuba izihloko ezininzi. Umzekelo, Suvorov V. nezinexabiso Service ukuba iLizwe loobawo elimiswe Count, kwaye isidima njengenkosana.

Ngoko ke, ngubani phezulu - Bala okanye Duke? Ngokufutshane, umnini yokugqibela isihloko emi elinegunya kwi inyathelo ngasentla. Prince angaba kuphela owayesele waphakanyiselwa isidima Count ngayo.

Ezi meko zinje yaba okufana hayi kuphela yezikhulu Russian. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, e Western Europe abakuluhlu njengenkosana obabulingana isihloko Duke okanye inkulu, ababehlala kwinqwanqwa liphezulu kwi zasebukhosini ileli.