Norman ngokoyisa of England ngo1066

Phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinanye Norman duchy yafikelela yintlahla ngokupheleleyo. Inkqubo feudal negalelo ekwakhiweni kweeyunithi ecikizekileyo yomkhosi ezinikwa iNkosana akhonze bakhe, ngamandla exhobileyo knight amahashe eNormandy izuze ngokwakhe udumo ukungafi. Ukongeza, urhulumente waba ingeniso enkulu kuzo zonke izinto. A enamandla central igunya, pristrunyavshaya kunye akhonze, kunye nebandla wayenamandla ngokucacileyo ngaphezu IsiNgesi. Norman ekoyiswa iNgilani kungolu hlobo ekufanele bayifumane.

Wilhelm v. Harold

Harold II lokuvakalisa, waphathwa ngenkohlakalo IsiNgesi King-Dane, lokubhukuqa kunye perjurer, kwaye kunye nenkxaso ka-Alexander II, Wilhelm inkampu wadibana: ukuqesha amavolontiya kwemida Duchy ukuba amncede akukho umkhosi obuthathaka, wakha ezininzi iinqanawa imithwalo, kwaye axhobe ukutya. Yaye kungekudala yonke into, ukuba kokoyiswa eNgilani nguWilliam of eNormandy zenzeka.

Inkampu Duchy eninzi rap yongungelwano - beza kartel kuzo zonke iindawo ezingqonge: UBrittany, wasePicardy, EFlanders, Artois. Ababhali-mbali azikhange zikwazi ukuseka inani ngqo-mkhosi UWilhelm, kodwa ke iinqanawa akabanga ngaphantsi kwe asixhenxe anamanci, ngenxa yoko, mkhosi wathabatha phezu kweendonga zayo kumazantsi kwilizwe eNgilani, wafumana kungekho ngaphantsi kwe amawaka asixhenxe. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala abantu abaninzi kangaka kwaoko sawela IsiNgesi Channel.

UHarold wayesazi malunga ukulungiswa. Abayiqokeleleyo kumazantsi eNgilani, imikhombe kunye amajoni belindele ukufika uWilliam axhobileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa Wilhelm waba trickier kunokuba kuyakrokreleka Harold. Kumantla eNgilani ngebhaqo lukhona Wilhelm namahlakani asuka Norway kunye nokuphikisa ngehlazo British Harold. UHarold wakwazi ukuba azibuyisele amajoni kwaye aphuke abahlaseli, kodwa akukho ukulibaziseka yemini yaqala kunye Norman ekoyiswa England ezantsi.

Ibutho Harold

Ukugaleleka kotshaba kunyanzeleka ukuba umkhosi elibuthathaka kwaye ediniwe emva Hastings endleleni kwakukho iinzame ukuqokelela umkhosi wamajoni. Noko ke, yonke into yenzeka ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba eLondon ukufika Harold wamajoni akakafiki ndawonye. Ngokungafaniyo William, akazange kakhulu sixhobe amahashe, isixa-mkhosi yawo sasihamba kunye eyahlukeneyo. Kwakukho Housecarl kunye nabalimi axhobe umntu ukuba kakhulu: abalimi - nezamazembe neentonga, kunye Zizi Housecarl waba ikrele, nangeengweletshetshe kulwa namazembe, kodwa akazange abe amahashe kunye abatoli kunye kuliwe amahashe Harold akazange abe nexesha ukuqalisa.

Le ntlanganiso amatsha kunye namadala kunye

Norman ekoyiswa iNgilane ngo1066 Kwathi ngomhla we-14 Oktobha. Wilhelm wakhokela baqeqeshwe kakuhle ukulwa ekunene ngaphandle isali, lo knight mahashe imfazwe-lukhuni kunye yabatoli. Ekubulaleni Anglo-amaSaxons yaba ekufanele bayifumane. Le kokoyiswa Yayingengomendu nelokugqibela - bambalwa abasindayo. Harold naye wafa.

Wilhelm wanika ezinye umkhosi kuzo inkuzi behlasela indawo umlimi, akafunyanwanga ndawo khawuleza. Nangona top Dover, kunye eLondon kentberiyskaya ukuqonda ukuqonda oko kwenzekileyo, bamisa, ufuduswe nguWilliam koloyiso njenge kufika kwi ekunene kakhulu, kwadlula iintsuku eziliqela. Kodwa kungekudala Ndafika lizwe emva kokuba Norman ekoyiswa eNgilani!

Emva kweentsuku ezintlanu William umkhosi waya Dover. Yaba nkulu! Akukho kuphela London bale dolophu bubugwala zazikhona emakhayeni abo, ngenxa yokoyika kwamaJuda, kodwa ubukhulu becala IsiNgesi neenkosi, Zizi, abathunywa benkundla, uWilliam iBishops yawa imilenze bazama ukwenza abahlobo kunye naye. Southern England akukhange Wilhelm akukho ukuxhathisa kwaphela. Emva kwexesha elifutshane kakhulu ngexesha phantsi Northern.

Yokuthambisa njengenkosi

Kwathi, phezu iholide iKrismesi kwisiphambuka ngo1066 kunye 1067 kaThixo, uWilliam koloyiso wafika Westminster kwisiganeko grand. meko zidale iye yaphuhliswa. England emva Norman ngokoyisa neziphithiphithi apha kwaye apho. Wangena ambeke lokungcatsha, kwaye enesihlwele esinzima le William waphendula yinqobo kuye.

Yonke imizi ngeenxa zonke yecawa, apho yokuthambisa kukumkani, zaye kuzitshisa ngomlilo, yaye amaxhoba umlilo babethwa ekufeni, musa ukuqonda isini, ubudala kunye nonqulo. Temple washiya konke kodwa abefundisi abo baqhubeka wonke wenkonzo, bayizisa umthendeleko ade ase ekupheleni, noWilliam wadibana zihlandlo yokuqala lobungangamsha yodwa omhle. Ngoko engaqhelekanga yaphela Norman ekoyiswa eNgilane kwisigaba yayo yokuqala.

ngukumkani

Nangona isithembiso William ukuba abe ngummeli wowona ulungileyo imithetho elungileyo Edwardian yalapha Normans waqhubeka ugonyamelo nokuphangwa. Inani labantu ukugwilika esisigxina, inkoliso yakhe enkulu zicinezelwa ngomlilo nangekrele. Kuba kuya kuthi, nangokuva omkhulu kubemi of London waqalisa ukwakhiwa nqaba odumileyo royal - i Tower.

iindawo Northern England bebesenjenjalo wondla nge Wilhelm wakhe kuVukelo ngo 1069 wafaka isicelo kubo amacebo elibharhileyo komhlaba (amaJamani Ngokuqinisekileyo aba yokuqala Katyn). Wilhelm Akazange ashiye uhambo yokohlwaya kwi kwisithuba lonke entilini ukuya York Durham okanye yonke indlu okanye umntu ophilayo - akukho. Le intlango iye wema ukuya kwinkulungwane yeshumi, xa ngokuthe ngcembe ngayo baqalisa ukuhlala. Kodwa oku, Kakade ke, asiyiyo iziphumo eziphambili Norman ngokoyisa of England.

umbutho ulawulo

Ukuqwalasela zonke Anglo-amaSaxons njengoko bavukeli, uWilliam koloyiso waqhubeka azibiza yindlalifa osemthethweni Eduarda Ispovednika. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kukwenzeka "IsiNgesi Katyn" onke amazwe yaseNgilani laba impahla kakumkani. Nokudliwa waba kuphela abavukeli kodwa abo ngokwaneleyo sinyanisekile urhulumente omtsha.

umhlaba Huge ephethwe yi-Crown, bazisa ingeniso enkulu: irente ukusuka tar nabameli, ngoko abafika kuye evela kubantu abaqhelekileyo. Ngoko wayiqwenga, xa kuthelekiswa ixesha Eduarda Ispovednika, kwaba ngaphezulu ngaphezulu kwamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini. Ilizwe ivumile ukuba oko. Kuba yintoni na liqalile Norman ekoyiswa eNgilani? Ngokufutshane - ukuze inzuzo. Kodwa hayi kuphela.

Kakade ke, uWilliam wamshiya lulodwa onke, nangona isabelo yayo ngokwenene ingonyama. Feuds, nto leyo yaba cishe, bebadlula kalishumi ziyafumaneka ngakumbi kubo kummandla eNormandy. UWilhelm Church ixesha elide akuthethi buhlungu, nceda musa Balisusa.

Across England ukwakha iinqaba - kwaye ezo elula, kunye iindonga ezilula kunye iifolo kunye palisades, kunye nezakhiwo zobunjineli ezintsonkothileyo ukumelana zokungqinga elide. Andisa kwinqaba iShushan elikhulu ilitye, efana Tower of London, Rochester, Hedingema. ezi iinqaba abazange baronial. Bonke fanele kukumkani. Kokoyiswa eNgilani nguWilliam of eNormandy bahamba.

"Behlola Book"

Ngoko wabiza ubalo umhlaba 1085, ayeba uWilliam eNgilani. Yaba incwadi eneenkcukacha kakhulu. Le data babohlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: phambi ukoyisa, unyaka ngo1066 kunye nonyaka 1085. Kuye kwakhona: ukwakhiwa ngalinye okwilizwe mhlaba makhulu, ingeniso ngqo, ukwakhiwa kunye nenani labantu, imeko yabo. Abaphenduli ngokupheleleyo zonke izikhulu, abathunywa benkundla, ukwaluphala, amadoda simahla kunye ngamakhoboka ezintandathu ukusuka kwilali nganye. Bonke ubungqina phantsi kwesifungo. Ngoko, amashumi amathathu anesine, mathathu ezisibhozo okwilizwe sele awo.

umgaqo-nkqubo

Yaba intshukumo elungileyo ukubona iziphumo eziphambili Norman ngokoyisa of England. UWilliam kokubalwa zazo wanika ulwazi kwingeniso kunokwenzeka yaye wacebisa indlela nokumisa zilunyulwe "imali Danish". Le ncwadi esikhulu, eneenkcukacha yaye ichanile. UWilliam waqonda ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubuyiswe ezo iirhafu Norman ekoyiswa eNgilani. Ngokufutshane chaza incwadi enjalo akwenzi ngqiqo.

Estates ukuba uWilliam wamnika nayiphi na zizigwili, ungaze ujike ecaleni nabo iziza, esele owned Baron. Ngokomzekelo, uRobert UMerton malunga ezisibhozo manors, apho kwindawo abahlala mane. Kuba abanye - ezincinane kancinane, kodwa lo mgaqo iyafana.

Oku kubonakala ngqiqweni. Kodwa apha kwakhona ukubala ecacileyo. Nam Baron akayi kuba nako ukomeleza impembelelo yayo nayiphi na okwilizwe ethile, leyo, Kakade ke, kunceda ukomeleza umbuso. Le ngaphandle nje aba feudal kankosi-abalindi, ilinde iindlela ulwandle kunye nomhlaba. Baye ke amalungelo kunye namalungelo. England emva Norman ukoyisa kuqala waqalisa ukuziva bengatshatanga.

Ukumkani xa umnini wongameleyo lonke ilizwe eNgilani ke uphethe bonke abanini bomhlaba, enoba phi kwaye phantsi kweziphi iimeko bona andizamkelanga. Wilhelm bonke abanini ubotshiwe ngesifungo uKumkani Service (Salisbury isifungo). IsiNgesi Special kuphela feudal lungiselelo - ofisi ngukumkani phezu kwentloko yakhe yonke akhonze zakhe. King yafumana inkxaso kunye nokuthembeka. Ilizwe emva kokoyiswa imigudu ngurhulumente, nangona eninzi intlungu nokubandezeleka. Le iziphumo ephambili Norman ngokoyisa of England.