Imbali yemveliso itanki ye-USSR kunye namanye amazwe

Uphuhliso tank Start yaqaliswa ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Mangaza ababephila yemoto uvele kwi-Western Front. Ukulwa phakathi Germany, France kunye Great Britain kangangeminyaka eliqela wahlala ngokokuma. Amajoni bahlala phantsi, imisele, kwaye umgca ngaphambili phantse abangeni. Yaphula ngokusebenzisa kwizikhundla utshaba izibonelelo ezikhoyo kwakungenakwenzeka. Ithala ngeematshi ngenkani nomkhosi zange ukunika isiphumo oyifunayo. Imbali Uphuhliso itanki wambulela i British. Yaba ukuba aba nayiqalayo ukusebenzisa Musa ukuba koomatshini esingazihambeliyo analogue.

United Kingdom

Uphawu lokuqala British itanki ndafika ngowe-1916, xa imodeli zovavanyo yakhululwa mali kweeyunithi yokulwa 100. Le modeli waba iinguqulelo ezimbini: ngemipu umatshini nangenkanunu. Imbali Uphuhliso Itanki yaqala i "ukuziqhelanisa kuphuhlisa imfezeko". Uphawu I angasebenzi. Xa i-Battle of the iSomme imipu Ababa nako ukulwa kunye emplacements umpu waseJamani.

Nangona ezo iitanki babengafezekanga, zabonisa ukuba uhlobo olutsha isixhobo na amahle kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, imodeli yokuqala wakhokela amajoni aseJamani Andizange ndiyibone into enjengale okukhulu. Ngoko ke, i Mark bendidla ngakumbi nje isixhobo engqondweni ngaphezu ukulwa.

Xa zizonke, le "ntsapho" British wabonakala imifuziselo ezisithoba. inkqubela ebonakalayo kwaqatshelwa Mark V. yena wafumana ukudluliselwa-speed emine kunye netanki injini ekhethekileyo phantsi kwegama "Ricardo". Yaba imodeli yokuqala, apho umntu omnye kuphela wakwazi. amanye utshintsho apho. Lomkhumbi ine umpu umatshini ezongezelelweyo, ndakumandisa ikhabhathi ngqwayi.

France

impumelelo baseBritani benze waphefumlela namahlakani isiFrentshi bayaqhubeka imifuniselo. Imbali Uphuhliso itanki ufumbethe ukuya imodeli "Renault FT-17." The French ke oko ngo-1917-1918. (It wakhululwa iiyunithi phantse 4000). Kwi ukusebenza FT-17 ithi ubuncinane yokuba baqhubeka asebenza kwanaxa ekuqaleni Second World War (iminyaka engamashumi tank-yokwakha - ixesha elikhulu ixesha).

Yintoni uchaza ibe yimpumelelo, "Reno"? Isibakala ukuba itanki yokuqala yaba layout zakudala. Control of the machine lwaqhutywa ukusuka ngaphambili. Xa iziko yaba zilwe gumbi. It wagcinwa emva gumbi injini. Isisombululo enjalo zobugcisa ergonomic yeyona ilungileyo avuleka amandla kulwa FT-17. Imbali Uphuhliso yetanki bekuya kuba ezahlukeneyo ukuba kulo matshini. Uninzi mbali bakugqala imodeli kakhulu yimpumelelo ezisetyenziswa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

United States

An Uphuhliso itanki American wambulela yemigudu Jikelele Dzhona Pershinga. Wafika eYurophu ngo-1917 kunye nemikhosi expeditionary le USA, emva kokuba zihlasele iJamani. Uqhelene kunye namahlakani yamava, ubuchule babo nemfazwe ngokokuma, nto leyo kurhanelwa eUnited States, jikelele baqala ukuba ufune iingcebiso ingqalelo yakhe isihloko kwiitanki.

I-US Army lithenge "Reno" French kwaye ufuna siwasebenzise iimfazwe laseVerdun. abayili yaseMelika, ukufumana imoto amazwe, baba ukuguqulwa okungephi. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I vehicles US majoni ichithiwe ngenxa yeendleko. Emva kweminyaka embalwa emkhosini US akamnikanga nayiphi na imali yokwakha oomatshini abatsha. Kwaba kuphela 1930. ke imodeli yokuqala umfuniselo imveliso yayo. Yaba M1931 (T11 ngumatshini wokulwa). Ayizange baye, kodwa kumsebenzi wophando wanika abayili yaseMelika ukutya ezifunekayo ingcamango phambi kokuba uphando.

Evolution of technology American uyekile ukusebenza ngenxa Great Depression, a kakhulu uyihlukuhle kuqoqosho. mali kakhulu iinjineli kunye abayili bamajikazi ukuba beze kuphela ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, xa urhulumente waqonda ukuba mhlawumbi abasayi kuba nako ukuhlala ngaphandle kolwandle, kufuneka ukuthumela amajoni ukuya eYurophu.

Ngowe-1941 wabonakala "i-M3 Stuart". Le itanki ukukhanya wakhululwa kwimali kweeyunithi-23 amawaka. Le ngxelo eklasini ukuba nangoku ezaphukileyo. Imbali kulo ihlabathi alisazi ngakumbi imifuziselo kwitanki eveliswa bawo. "Stuart" akuxhomekekanga kuphela isetyenziswa yi-US Army, kodwa ziyabolekisa Amanyeneyo: i-United Kingdom, eFransi, China kunye eSoviet Union phantsi zengqeshiso Faka-.

Germany

imikhosi vehicles eJamani abakho kuphela ngexesha Wesithathu. ISivumelwano SaseVersailles, nowokupheliswa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, amaJamani wawukwalela ukuqala zabo imfazwe-Ufanele Park. Ngoko, ngexesha i Weimar Republic, koomatshini babo iJamani. Beza kuphela igunya ngowe-1933, amaNazi hyped flywheel emkhosini. Xa kwamatanki ukukhanya yokuqala yaveliswa phantsi ngesebe iitrektara. Kodwa, kufakwe incasa koogunyaziwe German ukuba kamsinya bazimele. Ke ukufana phakathi amatanki neetrektara, ukuba izenzo ezifanayo olwalukho eSoviet Union, apho phakathi 1930. Lanikwa ezininzi mveliso itrektara yakhiwe, ukuba kuthe lemfazwe ngokulula atshintshe phantsi etankini.

Ngowe-1926, iJamani kunye USSR utyikitye isivumelwano waqalisa ukuba baqeqeshwe sisikolo semfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kufuphi Kazan phantsi apho elizayo iingcali zomkhosi German. Kamva lo skeleton waqalisa ukwenza ubugcisa ekhaya. Waba itanki waseJamani Panzer I. yokuqala Lo mfuziselo isiseko kwizithuthi German.

Ngu ekuqaleni yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi eJamani yaba ngaphezu kwamawaka amathathu amatanki, kwaye bungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka amane iimoto swi phambi kokuba kuhlaselwe eSoviet Union kwi-Eastern Front yedwa. BaseJamani oomatshini kuqala enzima isetyenziswa lokuhlasela. Abaninzi SS Panzer Division wafumana igama lobuqu ( "Das Reich", "Totenkopf" njalo njalo. D.). Inkoliso yawo yatshatyalaliswa. Iyonke ngokuba imfazwe Wesithathu iphelelwe 35 amawaka iimoto. Isitshixo German Itanki medium yaba "Panther", yaye enzima - ". Tiger"

USSR

Ngeminyaka yoo-1920. imbali uphuhliso itanki eSoviet yaqala. Umfuziselo yokuqala ukuveliswa eSoviet Union yajika MS-1 (omnye igama - T-18). Ngaphambi koko, xa ukulahlwa oluBomvu Army zafakwa kuphela oomatshini kubanjwa ebudeni bemfazwe yamakhaya. umsebenzi uyile kwindawo itanki enzima ezaziququzelelwe Ngenxa ekuqaleni kwehlabathi. Ajika ke ngowe-1925, xa emva kwentlanganiso kwi Red Army, emkhosini wagqiba ukuthumela zonke izibonelelo ukwenza imodeli encinane yalwa. Ke kaloku MS-1, wadala ngo-1927

Kungekudala kwakukho nezinye iinzululwazi Soviet. Ngo-1933, oko kwaqaliswa ukuvelisa ukukhanya T-26 BT, tankettes T-27, T-28 aphakathi T-35 enzima. Wenziwe imifuniselo ngqindilili. Imbali Soviet imveliso itanki kokuqalisa 1930. yabalasela ulwakhiwo matanki emanzini. Awabasondezayo iimodeli i T-37. Aba matshini babe Screw entsha ngokupheleleyo. osemqoka Icacili ngamaphiko abo. Xa uhambisa lezimali zinika back up.

Imbali yemveliso itanki ye-USSR abuyonto ngaphandle itanki eliphakathi T-28. Enkosi kubo, oko kwenzeka nokomelezwa esemgangathweni leeyunithi iingalo zidityanisiwe. T-28 ezazijoliswe ukwaphula kwizikhundla Uyalwa yotshaba. Itanki emalunga neetoni 28 yaye kubonakala wema ufakelo baphahlwe yezixhobo (umpu nemipu ezintathu umatshini baba kuyo).

Ngowe-1933-1939 gg. bokwenziwa ton-50 T-35. It wadalwa njengenqwelo yokulwa ukuphucula umgangatho kuhlaselwa e Breakout of kwiinqaba bands. Ngelo xesha, imbali yophuhliso itanki eSoviet singene kwisigaba esitsha, kuba lelokuqala T-35 wafumana izixhobo ezininzi kangaka. isethi yayo kwiinqaba ezintlanu (ezintlanu imipu umatshini nemipu ezintathu). Noko ke, kule modeli, kwakukho ethile - ikakhulu okuthile kunye Ukubhukha kumahlwempu ngobukhulu ezinkulu. Total isebenzile amashumi eliqela T-35. Abanye babo eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili kwi isanda IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.

1930

Kule 30 zenkulungwane lokugqibela iinjineli yiSoviet kunye nabayili bethatha kuqhutywa imifuniselo enxulumene ekudalweni kwitanki wheel-zondelwe. Loo isixhobo intsonkothile umatshini isisu semoto powertrain, kodwa iingcali lwasekhaya ikwazile ukumelana zonke iingxaki uyinja kubo. Ekupheleni kwale 1930. Track itanki avareji ekwacwangciswa ngayo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-T-32. Kwixesha elizayo, kwakukho ilejendi eSoviet enkulu ezisekelwe kuyo. Sithetha i T-34.

Phambi kokubhiyozela IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, inkoliso abayili swi iimpawu ezimbini iimoto: agility kunye firepower. Noko ke, le mfazwe yamakhaya baseSpeyin kwiminyaka 1936-1937 wabonisa ukuba kuyimfuneko kwanokuphucula kunye nezinye iimpawu. Okokuqala kwakufuneka ukhuselo isikrweqe kunye nezixhobo zokudubula.

ingqiqo eziguquguqukayo iziphumo ngoko nangoko. Ngowe-1937 kwafika i T-111. Waba iitanki yokuqala eSoviet exhotyiswe protivosnaryadnym isikrweqe. Oko kwaba intuthuko enkulu, hayi kuphela ekhaya kodwa ukulungiselela ushishino kwihlabathi. Iimpawu ze-T-111 abantu abanjalo ukuba oko ijolise ekunikeni inkxaso elihamba. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela iye andibanga imveliso mass ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli. Yangqineka ukuyilahla ngokwemiqathango ebandleni kunye disassembly kwenxenye ngenxa ukumiswa ukuvimbile kunye nezinye iimpawu matshini.

kwamatanki Light Soviet

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, imbali ye-USSR kunye namatanki itanki Soviet engafani ukusuka kwamanye amazwe ukuya kwiitanki zemiphunga. Naphi na zithanda ngenxa yezizathu zoqoqosho. ESoviet Union yaba izizathu. Ngokungafaniyo namanye amazwe eSoviet Union iitanki ukukhanya zasetyenziselwa kuphela nobuhlakani, kodwa ukulwa ngqo kunye notshaba. Oomatshini ephambili yiSoviet yale hlobo baye BT ne T-26. Phambi kokuba ukuhlasela waseJamani, ukuba kwabalelwa kuba uninzi Red Army yale paka (nje wakha iiyunithi malunga-20 amawaka).

Ukwakhiwa imifuziselo ezintsha yaye baqhubeka ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ngowe-1941, kwathiwa yenzelwe ngu T-70. Le itanki ke kakhulu yenziwe yonke loo mfazwe. Kunayo yonke esivivaneni uloyiso azenzileyo ngexesha Idabi Kursk.

emva 1945

Isizukulwana lokuqala kwamatanki post-mpi abo kuphuhliso zabo yaqala ngo-1941-1945 kwaye abangazange ukuqala ukusebenza kwi ngaphambili. Le modeli Soviet EC-3, EC-4, kwakunye T-44 ne T-54. Imbali lwemveliso itanki American eli xesha yashiya M47, "M26 Pershing" yaye "M46 Patton." Olu series ikwaquka UK "Centurion".

imifuziselo ezincinane ngo-1945, ekugqibeleni waba oomatshini ezizodwa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, imodeli kwiSoviet PT-76 yenzelwe ukuba kuliwe neemeko amanzi, i-American "Walker Family" wadalwa ngenxa ukuhlola, "Sheridan" yenzelwe moya zothutho lula. Xa nenani-1950. ukubuyisela eliphakathi kunye namatanki enzima beze iitanki idabi eziphambili (MBT). Ngoko wabiza imodeli multi-njongo, edibanisa ukhuselo elungileyo kunye firepower. Eyokuqala kweli qela waqala Soviet T-62 ne T-55 kunye French AMX-30. Imbali yemveliso tanki US kwaba kukhulu ukuba iklasi lweetanki idabi eziphambili kwi-US waqalisa kunye M60A1 kunye M48.

Isizukulwana yesibini post-imfazwe

Xa nenani-1960-1970 kwafika ixesha isizukulwana yesibini kwamatanki post-imfazwe. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo langaphambili? Neendlela ezintsha, wayila iinjineli, okokuqala, banikwa khona i ubugcisa anti-eziphuculweyo, yaye okwesibini, xa iimeko zokusetyenziswa nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi.

Ezi iitanki ezifunyenwe isikrweqe odityanisiweyo kuqulethe nobuninzi lamanqanaba kunye ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo. Kwindawo yokuqala ukuba ayakhuselwa iimbumbulu entshukumo lonyuselo. Ukongeza, le nqanawa bafumana ukhuseleko ikhithi evela nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi. iitanki steel isizukulwana yesibini zixhotyiswe enesiqulatho elektroniki: ikhompyutha wokuhlolwa, laser rangefinders, inkqubo emlilweni-yolawulo, njl ...

Ngu njengobuchule efanayo ngayo T-72, M60A3, «isikhulu" "Leopard 1". Ezinye iimodeli baye wavela ngenxa ukuguqulwa enzulu sizukulwana lokuqala koomatshini. kwamatanki Soviet ye ixesha zomsebenzi ebelizibekele akukho ndlela iqela ngaphantsi waqonda, nangeendlela abanye zagqitha kubo kakhulu. Noko ke, ekubeni 1970, yaba lag olubonakalayo izixhobo neeletroniki ezithengiswayo. Ngenxa yoko izixhobo Soviet ekuqaleni yamehlo iphelelwe. Eyona okuphawuleka yaba inkqubo ungquzulwano yangasemva kuMbindi Mpuma kunye namanye amazwe, apho kwakukho ugqabhuko ehlabathini Cold War.

modernity

Xa nenani-1980. kwakukho ebizwa ngokuba yi-isizukulwana lwesithathu lwasemva-imfazwe. Oku kuquka imbali Russian itanki-sakhiwo. Eyona nto kwezi modeli uye waba eliphezulu-zobugcisa izixhobo zokhuselo. Yi besizukulwana sesithathu, kukho "Lekrerki" France, "Leopard 2" iJamani, "Challenger" eBritani, eUnited States, "Abrams".

History of Russia wabonakalisa koomatshini ukwakhiwa tanki ezifana i T-90 ne T-72B3. Le mifanekiso isekelwe kwi-1990 kude. T-90 ikwabizwa ngokuba "Vladimir 'imbeko yokuluka intloko yayo Vladimir Potkina. Ngo 2000, itanki waba eyona ukuthengisa kwitanki idabi eziphambili ehlabathini. Xa ubuso kule modeli yimbali kophuhliso itanki eRashiya wajika omnye yephepha lakhe elizukileyo. Noko ke, abayili lwasekhaya zange ayeke yaye baqhubeka impumelelo zophando lwabo ezizodwa zobugcisa.

Ngowe-2015 wabonakala entsha T-14. inkalo yayo olwahlula ngentsimbi izinto ezifana inqaba eyintlango kunye neqonga yamfuna "Armata". Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala T-14 iye yabonisa ukuba uluntu kwi Ukoyisa Parade azinikele engama-70 kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Le modeli iveliswa "Uralvagonzavod".