Isivumelwano eMunich

Ngowe-1938, uHitler waqalisa ukuba esebenzayo, ukuthetha malunga nezicwangciso wakhe eCzechoslovakia. Oku kwabangela uqhankqalazo kakhulu, hayi kuphela kumaqela ezahlukeneyo zentlalo, kodwa phakathi emkhosini. Beck (chief kwabasebenzi) nabuganga ukuba alumkise uMlawuli we ngokuhlaselwa yeCzechoslovakia, kuqikelelwa kwingxaki lobudlelwane neFransi, iBritani naseRashiya. Esi siganeko nimqumbisa yeemanyano amaqela ukumelana saa ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso yazibandakanya ukubhukuqa ulawulo lwamaNazi.

I-Munich Agreement ka-1938 kwafuneka ukuba banelise iimfuno kaHitler. I-uMlawuli akazange afune ukuba sinyamezele ubukho yeCzechoslovakia, nabo bonke amaJamani nezigidi ezithathu abahlala apho, babeza bazibandakanye ne Empire. Ukudibana wamenywa Chamberlain (British Prime Minister).

Hitler September 18, 1938 wakhupha umyalelo imikhosi ezintlanu qwa. UMlawuli ivuma uluhlu amadindala izithuba umyalelo ngamabutho ezilishumi. Zonke ezi zenzo zazijoliswe ekulungiseleleni ngokuhlaselwa eCzechoslovakia.

isivumelwano Munich nako ukusombulula imbambano ngoxolo. Ngokwesivumelwano, uHitler wafumana yonke into afuna e Godesberg. Isivumelwano Munich lokugqibela sasayinwa ngomhla-20 Novemba.

Isivumelwano enza eCzechoslovakia eziyinkunkuma wakhetha eJamani, ngomhla amawaka 11 eekhilomitha nommandla wayo. Baphila elinamanci asibhozo lamawaka Czechs kwaye baseJamani kwezigidi amabini anamakhulu asibhozo amawaka Sudeten. Ukongeza, ezi mazwe eGibheyon amasebe benkqubo zokuzifaka apha Czech eYurophu ezijongwa kakhulu soyiswe.

Isivumelwano Munich sabela lizwe. Ngenxa wokutyikitywa kwesivumelwano eCzechoslovakia yayikukwaphula inkqubo ekhoyo emikhulu kunye zikaloliwe, yomnxeba kunye nonxibelelwano yocingo. yelungiselelo Munich, ndayihluthwa kwi-66% amalahle, i-86% ye-feedstock kushishino kwemichiza le, iinkuni-40%, 80% kwishishini neyalukiweyo, isamente, amalahle elimdaka, 70% ombane.

Ngoko ke, lo isiVumelwano eMunich ngabusuku bunye similise uhlanga mveliso elifumileyo bahlukunyezwe kwaye uqhawulwe. Czechs, phantsi kwesi sivumelwano, babeza ushiye loo ntsimi.

Noko ke, njengako konke iinjengele kufutshane uHitler yaye wasinda imfazwe, ukuba isivumelwano zange yasayinwa, i uMlawuli Oktobha 1 kwakuza ahlasela eCzechoslovakia. Nangona abanye bekholelwa ukuba Russia, France kunye eNgilani, nangona amathandabuzo heads of ithi, ange ibambene emfazweni.

Ukuhlola meko, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba Germany October 1, ukuze alwe imfazwe nxamnye eFransi, eNgilani, behlupheka, ingakumbi, nxamnye neRashiya Ndandingekakulungeli. Kwimeko kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe, uHitler bephelelwa ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekupheleni kwe Wesithathu. Iinjengele Witzleben, Halder kunye nabaxhasi babo uceba ukuwisa uMlawuli ngalo mzuzu xa wayeza kunikela umyalelo lokuhlasela eCzechoslovakia. Kokusayina isivumelwano zayikatyisa izicwangciso zabo. Iinjengele babenethemba yobulukhuni England kunye namahlakani Koloni umbuzo Czechoslovak.

Nangona yiSoviet Union yaba ubuhlobo zomkhosi behlupheka France, Jamani, eRashiya, iBritani France ukusuka iintetho ndagxothwa ngamxhelo.

Kokusayina isivumelwano ibuye ibe intlekele enkulu eFransi. Yabetha wathengisa yeCzechoslovakia, uHitler ayigcinwa kuphela ukungaphumeleli kunokwenzeka emkhosini, kodwa iqinise kakhulu amandla alo emkhosini. Oku wayehamba ngumnqweno nenkani ukuba ukubakho kule Chamberlain, ukuba anike uMlawuli eyayinezinto zonke ezifunayo.

Ngokutyikitya isivumelwano amandla yomkhosi waseFransi lancitshiswa ku nothi. Ngoku, umkhosi French wawusele isiJamani. French imveliso iingalo ungaphantsi kakhulu kwi-German. Ukongeza, ezi namahlakani Mpuma kuphinda uthembe isiFrentshi.

Ukunika behlupheka, Chamberlain wenza impazamo zembali, nto leyo kwakhokelela ekubeni imfazwe.