Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni na caravel?

Khumbula, kwezinye iinqanawa ezikude India Columbus? Kuba kuqala ke weva igama kwezi sailboats, engathandi wadanduluka wathi: "Hayi yothando! Kwaye yintoni ke caravel? "Eneneni, igama yobugcisa ephakathi unalo isandi emnandi kakhulu, yaye kuyabonakala ukuba bebahle kakhulu. Ngokufuthi ezihonjiswe umzimba somthi oqingqiweyo ngokobutyebi kwaye wendiza kwi iiseyile umoya sizenze njenge isikhephe cruise.

Caravel zamob: Ibali imvelaphi kunye etymology

Kukho iinketho ezininzi ukuchaza imvelaphi yegama. Ngokutsho komnye wabo, igama kwezi sailboats na iingcambu IsiPhuthukezi kunye ovela uguqulelo isinciphiso yegama caravo (isitya ngomkhombe). Kodwa ke abavela bakholelwa ukuba caravel inqanawa ogama ngenxa yobuhle bayo nondiliseko, yaye igama layo livela ngokudibana amabini Italian magama - cara (cute) kunye jowell (mhle). Kwaye kukho luguqulelo imvelaphi yamaGrike, njengako apho livela χαραβος igama (ksarabos). Ukususela oko kwathi ke carabus Latin (eziethe isikhephe), yaye igama elithi Russian "inqanawa". Kakade ke, uguqulelo Italian - amahle kakhulu futhi close nakunyuka intsingiselo, kuba caravel - inqanawa ndikuxelela intle kakhulu. Noko ke, ababhali-mbali badla ukukholelwa ukuba eli gama kuyo iingcambu zamaGrike.

Yintoni caravel?

Ezi nqanawa eqhelekileyo in Western Yurophu kwi 13-16 kwiinkulungwane th. Ngokuba ngaloo minyaka, Spain kunye Portugal ayejongwa amagunya Largest lwaselwandle enkulu ezifunyaniswe geographical fanele oko kubo, nazo balihlutha azinakulawuleka kakhulu ezinamandla phambili. Kwindawo engundoqo ye inani elipheleleyo azinakulawuleka baseSpeyin de ngenkulungwane ye-15 uyayenza enkundleni, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "caravel" (jonga inqaku ifoto). Ngoko ke, thina ezifunyaniswe zonke ezinkulu oomatiloshe iyihlanganise nabo, kodwa ezinye sailboats zaselwandle - karakki -. Okunye ngokufuthi inxaxheba uhambo olude Hristofora Kolumba, Vasco da Gama, Magellan, njl Vuma ukuba of Karakka wena ngenkankulu ukuva nantoni na lo gama caravels njalo we were zetyala, nabo bonke sibulele kwigama labo enkondlo. Caravel! Beauty, musa ukuthetha nto. Zaba ezimbini okanye izitya ezithathu-nge- kunye elibhalwe ngokumileyo ngqo okanye (isiLatin) ubudlelane obabuyilwe ngenkohliso. Kwabo bafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ukuba caravel, siya ungongeza ukuba babe uhlobo olulodwa igobhogobho nesingxobo. Ngoko ke, ukuba phezu kwezinye iinkundla yamkelwa indlela ebizwa ngokuba of "ukudibana", ngoko ke aba ibhodi abahamba ulusu bamba ngokuqinileyo omnye komnye. Ngaphandle inkalo olwahlula ezi iinqanawa ziye ubude ubudlelwane craft eqinisekileyo ukuba ububanzi balo (4: 1), ubukho sinendawo elinye kunye wayelukhuni waphakamisa, apho oko kunokwenzeka ukuba abalapha nempepho enobulungisa. On caravels idla ngokuba iimasti ezintathu, bahambe ezingoonxantathu nto zibambene nayo le reyam elibhalwe ngokumileyo.

Phakathi fleet Hristofora Kolumba iinqanawa fanayo "Nina" yaye "Pinta", kodwa ke iingangamsha "Santa Maria" bobabo kwisizukulwana esitsha lokuntingela - Karakka. Ngokufutshane, caravel - umkhumbi, leyo ngenxa uphume yayo, kunye thuthu Karakka wakwazi ukudada ukuba kunxweme Novaya Zemlya. Ezi iinqanawa zikholisa kakubi nixhobile. Ubukhulu encinane kumgangatho akavumelekanga ukuba kufakwa ngemipu zabo zokudubula. Ngoko ke, ukhuselo kuphela kubo muskets ezinkulu, leyo zabekwa nangasemva.

Ukuphucula caravels

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo caravels baqalisa ukuphucula. Bona kunokuba iseyile elibhalwe ngokumileyo ayethe tye, yaye ngenxa yabo iinkundla lula ukulawula umoya enobulungisa. Kolumbovskaya "Pinta" wayekwiqela isizukulwana esitsha caravels, yaye waba iseyile ngqo non-Latin, lo gama "Nini" ukuba oonxantathu, njengokuba imifuziselo classical, leyo ekuqaleni waba iinjongo yokuloba.

Columbus ngaphambi kokuwela Atlantic ukusuka kwi Azores igqibe endaweni iiseyile ungasuki kwi "Nine" ngqo. Kwaye njalo. Ngapha koko, ukuba bekungenjalo, lo caravel, mhlawumbi ababa nako ukufikelela elunxwemeni of America. It labuya ephuma ukusetyenziswa kwe-Latin-uhlobo iseyile. Ukuba ngoko umntu wabuza into caravel, ngoko akukho mntu ange wathi ukuba le nkundla kunye izixhobo ngomkhombe elibhalwe ngokumileyo.

isiphelo

Kule mithombo nangona kukho iinkcazelo ezininzi lwezo mpahla,, phantse akukho imifanekiso, leyo unokuthelekelela, yintoni na caravels ngokwenene. Uninzi mizobo kwenziwa kamva, xa ngomkhombe kudala ephume ukusetyenziswa. Noko ke, side sifike umfanekiso caravel, wenza eLisbon ngo-1520. Enkosi kuye, ukuqonda kwethu le nqanawa uba epheleleyo ngakumbi. Kulo mfanekiso ezimbini-ezineeseyile caravel (umfanekiso ekunene) kunye iseyile elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Oku kubonisiwe kwi retablo eSt tsverkvi. Avty. Nantso indlela kubaluleke la isitya e Portugal kuba ilixa kumhlaba kwesayensi enkulu.