Age of Discovery

Ixesha of geographical ezifunyaniswe ezinkulu ngangosuku yee-15 kwinkulungwane ye-17 ukuya. Inxalenye ephambili kuloo matutu wathabatha oomatiloshe baseSpeyin isiPhuthukezi.

Izizathu eziphambili ezibangela lwejografi ezifunyaniswe ezinkulu - ekufuneni iindlela zorhwebo ezintsha kunye nophuhliso emanzini.

Nangona urhwebo phakathi East naseYurophu yatshatyalaliswa ngenxa kolawulo eyandisiweyo Ottoman. Turks sivale ndlela zorhwebo eziphambili nge iSiriya Asia Minor. Noko ke, ngelo xesha wazihlaziya wazakha aguqulelwe kuqubha kulwandle oluvulekileyo, inkundla enokuthenjwa ukuba negalelo kuphela khangela iindlela ezintsha, kodwa ukufunyanwa ze iwuthimbe umhlaba, nto leyo ifumaneka ukuya emzantsi Yurophu.

Zenja Genrih ngelo xesha nomququzeleli iphambili zehambo Portuguese kwaye kuncediswa kuphuhliso weenqanawa Portuguese. Ngoko ke isikolo marine ihlelwa ngexesha lakhe. Xa Research Institute iindlela eziphuculiweyo navigation Geographical kunye nezixhobo. I-wonke yokuqala ngo-1490 yaye yamiselwa apha.

Ixesha kakhulu geographical ezifunyaniswe ephawulwe kuvulwe indlela elwandle India. Ngowe-1497, awaya yaququzelelwa nguKumkani Portugal Manuel Happy. Kwakunxibelelene iindleko eziphezulu kakhulu impahla, amazwe eYurophu emhlabeni. uhambo Portuguese, ebandakanya iinqanawa ezintathu, ikhokelwa ngu Vasco da Gama.

Ukuya kwi- Atlantic Ocean kude ngokwaneleyo, yena enxibelelana Cape Agulhas wajika. Emva koko, iinqanawa ekhokelwa emantla kunxweme olusempuma Afrika eMozambique. Kwidolophu Mambasa Portuguese eza kuqala adibane nabantu Arabhu. Emva kolu hambo Vasco da Gama wawela Indian Ocean zaze Indian kwizibuko emazantsi-Akhawunti yoMsebenzisi.

Ixesha le kumhlaba ezifunyaniswe ezinkulu iphawulwe zobuntlola Spanish. Emva kokufunyanwa kwinkulungwane ye-15 i-Spain Yehlabathi Elitsha uqala ukubonisa umdla nempuma. Noko ke, uKumkani iSpanish, eyijonge, ebona ukuba indlela eya kunxweme Afrika ivale fleet Portuguese, eli qela indlela ukuya ngasempuma iphantsi kolawulo abarhwebi Arab kunye nesiTurkish. Hristofor Kolumb unika uKumkani Spain ukwakha indlela wasentshona eIndiya. Indlela cartographer egqwesileyo kunye nokwabelana imboniselo abaninzi ababephila ngexesha lakhe ukuba imilo ungqukuva komhlaba, loo nto projekthi indlela eya entshonalanga phesheya Atlantic Ocean.

Ngenxa yoko, i elithile ophawulwe ukuvulwa geographical Columbus kwesayensi. Umhlaba, wafumana, baba bantu nabafuduki. amathanga Spanish wabonakala phezu konxweme kunye iziqithi Central America.

Amerigo Vespucci negalelo kwixesha zembali ngokuba "Age of Discovery". Ekubeni wenza Uhambo eziliqela zoshishino phakathi kweminyaka 1499 no 1502, umhloli ogama Columbus 'Ukufunyanwa "Asia" umhlaba elikhulu ngaphambili ayaziwa "Yehlabathi Elitsha." Kamva, le ndawo igama Melika. Ngenxa yoko, i-Amerigo Vespucci wachaza labemi kunye nohlobo yelizwe evulekileyo.

A isiganeko ebalulekileyo kakhulu kwimbali lwezona i uhambo kwihlabathi kuFerdinand Magellan. Emva inkonzo yokumkani iSpanish, esasihamba wamthembisa ukusebenza naye ngeenxa Melika kunye elasezantsi ukufikelela ngaloo unxweme Asia.

uhambo lwakhe emhlabeni wonke zaqala ngo-1519. iinqanawa ezintlanu awela Atlantic Ocean kwaye kunxweme olusemazantsi of America baya kufuna lexinene kwi Pacific Ocean ( "South Ulwandle"). Strait kamva ogama Magellan, kuye kwafunyanwa emva kokukhangela elide kunye nelahleko enkulu.

Emva Magellan wasondela iziqithi Indonesian, waqukumbela (njengoko kubhalwe kwi-logbook), babuyela i-World Endala, emana ijikeleza uMhlaba.