Ikomkhulu yokuqala eJapan. Imbali yombuso Japanese

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba mihla ikomkhulu Japan - Tokyo. Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu uyayazi indlela kwathiwa ikomkhulu yokuqala. Sicebisa ukuba wenze i uhambo encinane ibe imbali uze ufumanise oko ilizwe ilanga eliphumayo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi eyadlulayo.

Nara (Japan) kwimephu yehlabathi - nje into encinane. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso kube kanye mkhulu. Namhlanje yinto encinane isixeko yaseJapan ibekwe kwingingqi iKansai. lwabemi beli malunga 365 lamawaka. Man. Noko ke, oku akuthethi nje mzi. Nara - ikomkhulu yokuqala ka-Japan. igama layo ngaphambili Heydzo-Kou. yakhiwe ikomkhulu yokuqala eJapan, efana kakhulu kweli lizwe xa nisaqala yophuhliso kurhulumente, ngomfanekiso kunye imfano Chang'an, ikomkhulu China ngelo xesha. Impucuko of China yamandulo waphenjelelwa kakhulu ukuyilwa inkolo, uncwadi kunye nemeko ilanga eliphumayo. Kuninzi yamkele Japan yakhe. Kwimephu yehlabathi, le ithi bekufutshane, ngoko musa ukumangaliswa.

Golden Buddha luphawu Nara. Ikomkhulu wokuqala Japan yasekwa ngo-710. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho inani elikhulu iitempile dha Nara, kwakunye nefuthe elikhulu ubomi kwisixeko ziimonki zamaBhuda yayisisisongelo kurhulumente. Ngoko ke, wagqiba ekubeni ukufumana inkunzi entsha. Ngo-784, wachukumiseka ngaxa lithile e Nagaoka, uze emva koko Kyoto.

Ibali ikomkhulu Japanese

Ibali eyinkunzi Japanese ukungabi lula kunye nezintsonkothileyo nto. imithombo ezisemthethweni elikhankanyiweyo ixesha elithile okanye ukuba isixeko elikomkhulu. Noko ke, nangona oku, ukuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiCEMIS. Naxa Nara xesha, wachukumiseka ukuya kwiminyaka 740-44. e Kuni-Kou (namhlanje Kamo). Ngo-745, enye isixeko ikomkhulu - Naniwa-Kou (namhlanje Osaka). Emva koko, waphinda yaba likomkhulu Nara.

Nara period

Ngoko ke era embalini Japanese, xa isixeko Nara eyinkunzi (ukususela 710 794 ngonyaka). Ingakumbi - olungongezwanga Sinification uluntu, inkcubeko achumileyo, ingakumbi imibongo ubuBhuda, ukudalwa yemihla yokuqala Japanese zembali.

Ide 8 waseJapan ebizwa imo yabo Yamato. Noko ke, ngo-702, ngexesha lokuqala kwakukho indawo-igama "Nihon". Watyelela China Avata-kodwa Mahito, unozakuzaku yaseJapan, ogama njengoko ilizwe lakhe. Phambi kokwamkelwa Taiho (Code ephambili mthetho) kunyaka 701 yayilisiko, emva kokufa komlawuli ikomkhulu wafuduselwa isimo esitsha. Kwinkulungwane 8 baqalisa yotshintsho yoluntu Japanese. igunya esembindini, abe nokuchaza izixhobo yolawulo olusebenzayo zadalwa. Ngenxa yoko, oku simanyene yonke Japan. Konke oku ufune ulwenziwo kweziko elikhulu ilungiswe. I-capital yokuqala ngo-710, yaye yaba liziko le.

Nara waba quadrangle, leyo yahlulwe ekhohlo nasekunene ukuba "imali." Ukongeza, esi sixeko yahlulwa ezininzi kwiindawo ezincinane. Izakhiwo zikarhulumente zaye buzinze inxalenye kumantla Nara. Kukho kwakhona ibhotwe werhuluneli. Umendo umzi engundoqo, eyaziwa ngokuba "Red Phoenix Street", waphuma kulo. Efika isango ephambili, ibekwe ngasezantsi.

Yabemi Japan ngethuba Nara

ixesha Nara yaponistike kuthathwa nokuqhubekeka iinguqu kuqalile kwinkulungwane 7. Baye ezinxulumene zokuboleka kunye namava civilizational of China. Inani labemi likarhulumente, njengoko uqikelelo abaphandi Russian, malunga nezigidi ezi-6 zabantu. Empire of Japan ngeli xesha esivele karhulumente enye. Le bakhona yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezi-2: romin (abantu abalungileyo) kunye cheonmin (abantu sneaky). Amagosa fanele ku kudidi lokuqala (ukuba elite Japan ngelo xesha), kwakunye abakhululekileyo nabangamakhoboka kunye namagcisa kwakuxhomekeke eyadini. Abalindi cheonmin mangcwaba yaba ngamakhoboka bobubi kunye neentsapho zabo, amakhoboka zabucala. Onke amagosa, ngokutsho kwiikhowudi ezisemthethweni kwenkulungwane 7 eJapan, yahlulwe zephondo lwenqila. Isigxina sabo inkqubo esisigxina ezintlwini 9. Nabo ke, ukuba zahlukane alala kunye elikwisikhundla esiphezulu. Ngaphezu indawo ephakamileyo kule nkqubo iye yabamba igosa, kungona umvuzo waba amalungelo ngakumbi kunye nezibonelelo.

Uqoqosho isimo

Uqoqosho lweli xesha urhulumente-ekucwangciselwa yena. Uthungelwano lweendlela ezikhokelela elikomkhulu, sele kubekwe yingqokelela irhafu ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ngenxa yakhe, waqala uphuhliso asebenzayo Japan. Kwinkundla nangesilivere nangobhedu imali lenza. Kunyaka wokuqala, 708 baba imali Japanese. Le mali becala isetyenziselwe ukuhlawula imivuzo yabasebenzi kunye namagosa. Isambuku yaseJapan engaphandle kwemida yorhwebo-mali kwegazi. 90% yabantu abalimi simahla. uphawu Natural enxibe uqoqosho.

Ngokwendalo kunye kwabaxhamla obuBhuda Art

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule xesha na amalungelo obumi obuBhuda. nkqubo uMlawuli Shomu negalelo koku. Yena buqu waguquka UbuBhuda, nto leyo kwathiwa "nomkhuseli 'eli lizwe, ngamanye amazwi, oko uchazwa inkolo yombuso. Nara xesha - eli xesha ikhula ubugcisa ukuba namava ngexesha uBukhosi of Japan. Nanamhla oku uninzi imisebenzi yobugcisa begcinelwe Shosoin (Repository Imperial), ebekwe kwi kummandla Todai-ji Temple. Phakathi kwabo uyakwazi ukufumana izinto ukusuka eIndiya namaPersi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba yaseJapan mandulo ababandakanyekayo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Ixesha xa Nara waye embindini karhulumente lonke, yaba ixesha obalaseleyo kwimbali Japan ukusuka kwindawo ngembono ngenkqubela kobugcisa bokwakha. Isizathu soku ibe yokutshintshiselana olubanzi lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye Korea kunye neTshayina. Isiseko inkcubeko kunye ezopolitiko eJapan ngexesha elifanayo sele kwasekwa ngokwaneleyo ukuba uphawu ngenxa iimpawu zakhe. iitempile ezininzi neetempile ixesha kwaye kunokubonwa namhlanje kwikomkhulu yokuqala, waza wabuyela emva kwiminyaka 1,300, ukuziva umoya ngaloo minyaka.

labemi Nara kaThixo ngexesha layo

Kukholelwa ukuba xa zebhola wesixeko Nara laba likhulu. Kukho abantu abamalunga ne-100 lamawaka. Nara waye yokuhlala Schomu (Sema), umlawuli 45 ka-Japan. Yena waba ngowokuqala lowo wamthabatha commoner njengomfazi wakhe. Ukongeza, ikomkhulu yokuqala eJapan yaba liziko yezopolitiko kunye nolawulo kunye namagosa ezininzi. Kwaba apha, ngokutsho intsomi amandulo, wehla evela ezulwini ekhwele nexhama uJimmy, umlawuli wokuqala eJapan. Ngenxa yoko, kweli lizwe, ingakumbi imali yayo yokuqala, nexhama nezilwanyana ezingcwele, leyo eyenzelwe ukukhusela isixeko kunye norhulumente.

Nara bayahlelwa emva kudluliselwe ikomkhulu

Emva Nara yayeka ukuba ikomkhulu, uphuhliso yayo kangangexesha elithile imile. izikhumbuzo ezininzi bobugcisa umzi ngexesha iimfazwe zamakhaya, nto leyo ke kaninzi kwenzeka eJapan yaye yathatha ixesha elide, zitshatyalalisiwe, kuba uninzi izakhiwo xesha zazakhiwe kweenkuni. umhlaba wezolimo waqalisa ukusetyenziswa kwikomkhulu yokuqala emhlabeni. Xa kwafika isixeko elinendili ngxi epheleleyo. Noko ke, iitempile abanempembelelo kwiinkulungwane kamva inkani. Kwakhona saba likomkhulu Nara zonqulo Japanese neetempile.

Ukubuyiselwa emzini

Buyisela kube lula kangangokuba akazange - batshatyalaliswa zesikhumbuzo ezininzi. Kwaye ukuze ufake Suzakumon, namasango zingangamsha Phoenix ebomvu, itempile ephambili Nara, naswela nkqu inkcazelo esisiseko. Bengazi ukuba ezithile malunga babheka ngayo. Ngoko ke, sokwakha lwenziwa ngokusekelwe wayenza nemifuziselo ngenxa ukombiwa, imaphu kunye nohlahlelo imigama phakathi kwimiqolo kunye amaqhekeza bayakwazi ukubona. Ngowe-1998, isango ngokutsha. Namhlanje ke ubude besakhiwo zobungangamela 25 m. Zakhiwa ngamatsha ngekonkriti nemisipres. Xa ukuvuselela ngayo ingqalelo imeko obuphethelene kule ngingqi, ngokunjalo iindlela ezithile ezisetyenziswayo, ukwenzela injongo ukuma omnye iminyaka 500.

gadi Nara

Ngenxa yokomba ayiphumelelanga ukuba ngokutsha kunye imiyezo, abuyisele imbonakalo yamandulo ndawo. E Nara engaphezu kwewaka leminyaka, inqanda nangokukrola amahlathi, emi entabeni engcwele Kasugayama. Kwaye namhlanje zithathwa yamandulo. Basaba ukukhula imisedare Japanese kunye ihlathi ekhaya kwizilwanyana ezininzi ezinqabileyo. Ngabo ngokwabo yamagugu yendalo. Kuyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu ukuba ezi amahlathi yamandulo kufutshane esixekweni. Bona indawo ebalulekileyo zeehambo kubakhenkethi. Ezi amahlathi unokuba ukufikelela simahla imihla. Kukho ekhula iintlobo 175 zemithi, iintlobo 598 ka iintyatyambo, iintlobo 60 izilwanyana neentaka neentlobo 1180 of izinambuzane.

Nara namhlanje

Ikomkhulu yamandulo Nara namhlanje indawo ethandwa sokhenketho Japanese. Tours apha unyaka wabo wokugqibela esikolweni kunye enkulisa amaqela athandwa kakhulu. Kuba abahambi kwamanye amazwe, kukho ukhenketho, ibalwe njengoko umgaqo ngemini enye. Ukuba uceba ukuhlala apha ixesha elide, kufuneka uthathe unonophelo ubhukisho ehotele njengoko zabo kulo mzi eninzi kunene. Owayesakuba ikomkhulu Japan - enye ngeendawo apho ungabona iintyatyambo spring cherry nasekwindla ukuba bagcine amagqabi beauty mimidzhi.