Sword Order (Order of Ngekrele Brothers): Imbali

Ngowe-1198 yintoni na ngoku Latvia iziganeko komntu senzeka. izizwe Local nawuphikisa ukwandiswa emazweni zabo waseRoma German uMlawuli Otto IV. Xa zicinezelwa loo mvukelo, ukuthintela umyalelo umkhosi Ngekrele wadalwa kwixesha elizayo, yokuvukela efanayo umyalelo we German ubhishophu Albrecht.

Ukuze ukoyisa iintlanga

Enye amaxhoba zezizwe nemvukelo yaba ubishophu Berthold yasekuhlaleni. Abamiselweyo ezihlangwini zakhe Albrecht von Buxhowden waqala ngokuthi ukuba kartel Livonian Ndabiza elwela nxamnye abahedeni eneenkani. Amakhulu kubahloli abafuna i neqhosha lula imfazwe, kwaye ndawonye uxolelo lwezono, wafika 1200 kunye nomfundisi wakhe silwe emlonyeni i Dvina Koloni, apho nqaba Riga wabeka kungekudala.

Noko ke, njengokuba ixesha lihamba, kwacaca ukuba ukuze ukulawula yonke kummandla omnye Crusaders akwanelanga, kwaye inyathelo zikabhishophu Albrecht ukuze emkhosini-zonqulo omtsha efanayo yasekwa ngo-1200, eyaziwa ngokuba Ngekrele. Order wathabatha phezu ngokwakhe ngaphandle ekunyamekeleni nokusingatha abahedeni bengingqi ukholo lokwenyaniso, kunye nemisebenzi kuphela ngakumbi emkhosini. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, indalo kwayo lwenza yi yenkomo ekhethekileyo kweqiwa yayisenza Order semthethweni ngokupheleleyo kwaye uthumela kuzo zonke zokuzingela elizayo.

Umnqamlezo Ngekrele

igama lakhe, ukuba unyanzelekile ukuba amakrele ebomvu wababalwa kunye iminqamlezo Maltese kwi iingubo ezimhlophe le Knights. Ekuqaleni, xa wadalwa sasetyenziswa njengesiseko yachuma ngelixa Templars. Iindibaniso iimfundiso zamaKristu ngamandla yasemkhosini ngokulinganayo okufana ngabo, nangenxa Ngekrele. Order yasekwa Bishop Albrecht, ngokomthetho ngokuthi "Abazalwana kaKristu e Livonia zokulwa", nayo leyo ebonisa ukufana kunye nabazalwana Templar. Noko ke, le ukufana wangaphandle kwaye yonke into kakuhle.

Education Livonia

Kwisiseko IMbasa Ngekrele yaba linyathelo elikhulu ekhokelela ukuyilwa imo entsha yeBaltic - Livonia. It is kwasekuzalweni yayingaphelele. Kwakugcwele kweendawo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho - i ibhishopu of Riga kunye entsha, nje wadala, uMyalelo. iiyunithi Territorial karhulumente abatsha kuthiwa Estonia, Livonia kunye Courland. La magama asuka amagama ezizwe zendawo abahlala apho. Igunya elongamileyo phezu kwendawo yonke ekule ngubhishophu.

Lokoyisa emazweni ezintsha

Ukususela kwimihla zokuqala kushiya Livonia Knights Order of Ngekrele ayihlasela loo mmandla, ulawulo leyo wayeselapho ezandleni zezizwe basekuhlaleni. On ifuneke umhlaba ukwakha inqaba, kamva abe emkhosini reference yaye izinto zolawulo. Kodwa hayi kuphela izizwe basekuhlaleni kwafuneka ukuba alwe bahlaseli Livonian. Ummangali ephambili loyikekayo baba abathetheli Russian, lunikwa ingqalelo umhlaba Livonian appanage impahla yayo.

Kule kumzabalazo iminyaka emininzi walwa ngempumelelo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Xa amaxwebhu embali, agqume iziganeko ngaloo minyaka, omninzi ubungqina amajoni uloyiso kunye soyiswa njani Russian. Amaxesha amaninzi, elinye usebenze kanzima lwaphela ukufa okanye kufakwe enye, ezinye nxaxheba. Ukongeza, imbali ye-Order of Ngekrele iziqephu ezipheleleyo kumzabalazo wabo oluqhubekayo kunye Estonia - abantu kudala abantu ukuba la mazwe. Ngeendlela ezininzi nzima imeko yaye wayekho apha phambi Order Livonian, nayo sinyanzelisa umthetho yayo kwintsimi.

Ukufuna ally lwemithambo

Le meko wawunzima. Ukuze baqhube iintshukumo ezinkulu-obungaka kwakufuneka ibutho wamajoni, kwaye ngokucacileyo akukho ngokwaneleyo Ngekrele. EsinguMyalelo weNkundla kwanyanzeleka ukuba sifuna ally eYurophu, owomeleleyo, simanywe naye, ndiya kuba nako ukuqhubeka amazwe kumazwe amatsha. Kodwa hayi kuphela ingenelo zomkhosi akwazi ukunika umfela enjalo. Isibakala sokuba uMyalelo knightly ye Ngekrele esilwa umzabalazo engapheliyo yezopolitiko kunye ubhishophu Albrecht - umlawuli esemthethweni Livonia. Injongo lomzabalazo yindlela ngaphandle kolawulo lwakhe.

Ngoko sizana enamandla ingaba i-Order leTeutonic. Yasungulwa phakathi Impi lweSithathu kunye nexesha ochazwe zembali ayethe ekuchithweni kwayo umkhosi omkhulu, zinabantu kakuhle abaxhobileyo kwaye baqeqeshwe yi kartel German, wayengase abe amandla ebiza kuqinisekisa Swordbrothers inzuzo kuzo zonke iingxabano zomkhosi nezopolitiko.

Uthethathethwano Ukumanyanisa ezimbini

Emva kokuba inkosi yazo Folkvin Teutons eyaguqukayo yaba isindululo esinjalo, ixesha elide ayizange ibe nayiphi na impendulo kubo. intloko yazo, gohmeyster kaHermann von Salza, wayeyindoda balumke nangenyameko, kungekhona imithetho yayo kwafuneka enze isigqibo ngokungxama. Xa, ekugqibeleni, wathumela izigidimi zakhe Swordbrothers kukhangelwa eneenkcukacha zonke iimeko zobomi babo kunye nomsebenzi, ngoko ke ayenganelisekanga kakhulu into awayibonayo.

Xa iingxelo zabo alatha kakubi engamkelekanga yonke yokuphila Livonian Knights nendelo ngayo babaphatha imimiselo yabo. Mhlawumbi kwakunjalo, kodwa kungenzeka, esona sizathu siphambili ncomo zabo ezimbi yabalasela inkanuko Ngekrele emva ngokudibana baligcine ukuzimela zabo ukuthintela nokufunxwa yabo epheleleyo Teutons.

Sword boyisiwe e Ukubanzima River

Akwaziwa elide kangakanani na iintetho kwakuza kuqhubeka, ukuba kungabi ngenxa amashwa wehlelwa IMbasa Ngekrele kwenye imisebenzi zomkhosi rhoqo. Bagxothiwe yi abahedeni Lithuanian kwi Idabi Ukubanzima River. Ukuthembela kwinkxaso Latgalians ebhaptiziwe kubo kunye Estonia, baye wangcatshwa ngabo ubunzima ilahleko enkulu. Empini wahlala elele amahlanu amanene Livonian Knights. Nemikhosi of Order ziye phantsi kwaye ugcine nako ukunceda kuphela Teutons.

A indima ebalulekileyo ekumanyaniseni-odolo ezimbini wadlala Pope Gregory IX. Wayesazi ukuba emva ukoyiswa onocwangco ngolu hlobo le Ngekrele Livonia ngokubasongela kwakhona kuba zizisulu iintlanga.

Ukuba indoda singagungqi, ngoko nangoko isalelo njengako apho ngo-1237 kwesele IMbasa leTeutonic Knights Ngekrele. Ukususela ngoku, phambi boyisa ezimeleyo Livonia waba isebe leTeutonic Knights, kodwa ukhetho abazange babe.

Abanini ezintsha Livonia

Order leTeutonic nangoko wathumela Livonia lonke ibutho kartel ezingamashumi amahlanu anesine, kunye nentaphane nabakhonzi, squires kunye mercenaries. Xa uxhathiso elifutshane ixesha iintlanga batyunyuzwa, kwaye inkqubo yeyobuKristu mazwe baqhubeka ngaphandle naziphi na iziganeko. Noko ke, ekubeni Swordbrothers waphulukana yonke ukuzimela. Nkqu inkokeli yabo - lanmeyster, ukuba Umphathiswa, njengokuba ngaphambili, waza wamiselwa ngenxa Ephakamileyo gohmeysterom ka-Prussia.

Uphuhliso nembali Olunye nemimandla alunge Livonia, esibonakala xenga kwezopolitiko okukhulu. Ngokungafaniyo Ngekrele, kuxhomekeke ubhishophu wasekuhlaleni, abanini bazo abatsha kolawulo ngokupheleleyo evela Pope, ngokungqinelana nomthetho kwaloo minyaka kwafuneka Kwathi ubunini isinye kwisithathu somhlaba ubuKristu kubo. Oku kwabangela ingxwaba le episcopate yengingqi isizathu iingxabano ezininzi ezilandelayo.

IMbasa Ngekrele, Livonian Order, leTeutonic Knights kwaye ibango la mazwe iinkosana Russian rhoqo zabanjwa ngohlangothi isekwimo semi-emkhosini. ngxabano elide episcopate kunye iMbasa kwabasemagunyeni, besithi indima ephambili yokujongana nemiba zombini zonqulo nezopolitiko kwakhokelela ekwehleni okuthe umgangatho wokuphila abantu bomthonyama yaye ngamaxesha athile eshukumisa neziqhushumbisi zentlalo.