Russian Jikelele Kutepov uAleksandr Pavlovich: A Biography, wakhonza White Army, memory

Inkokeli odumileyo yamajoni intshukumo White uAleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov wazalwa September 28, 1882 ngo Cherepovets kwi igosa athobekile kwaye zokuqhubela yephondo. Lwabantwana kunye nesikolo iminyaka, le nkwenkwe waya ngasentla Arkhangelsk. ubutyebi usapho Small wafundisa uAlesandire abaphantsi Spartan ubomi - izakhono eziya kuba luncedo kuye inkonzo enzima.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Ngowe-1902, emva kokugqiba isikolo igrama Arkhangelsk elizayo jikelele Kutepov wangena ibekwe eSt Petersburg, uVladimir sikolo. Amava High-isikolo ukuba lo mfana ukoyisa ngokulula kwikhosi theoretical component. Noko ke, waba ubuthathaka - kombiwa kuyo. Kutepov bajamelana neengxaki ezithile bonke abantu abatsha abathatha inxaxheba kwizikolo yamajoni amaziko emkhosini. Kodwa phezu kwazo nje iingxaki, kumhlangabeza kwi kwisigaba esitsha lobomi, Alexander nazo zonke iingxaki. Wamnceda ubenokuqina singagungqi unyamezelo, leyo sele ebomini yabadala nje wamhlangula Jikelele.

Ngowe-1904, uAleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov waphumelela esikolweni, waba Lieutenant yesibini kwi 85th elihamba webutho of Vyborg. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva kumsitho zemveli Grand Duke uKonstantin ezikwazileyo ukuba Awaxela ezinkulu.

On War Japanese

Ekuncothukeni Alexander Kutepov ukhonza njengoko imfazwe Russian-Japanese. Xa phambili, ngoko nangoko wacela ukuba yenyathelo zazo ahambe amajoni. Kungekudala igosa oselula non-wamthuma wazibonakalisa ngexesha uhlaselo enkampini yaseJapan. kwecala lakhe ezizizwe neembasa ezixabisekileyo (rifle umatshini-ngemipu). oyintloko ngokusesikweni Vyborg webutho Ndingumza le tsar Russian Kayzer Vilgelm. Yena wawongwa Order of the waseJamani Crown Kutepov. Uye wayiqaphela amandla intlola lokuzalwa. Ebudeni bexesha Russian-Japanese War uAleksandr Kutepov wafumana i-Order of St. Stanislaus degree 3, isidanga St. uAnne 4-th kunye St. Vladimir degree 4-th.

Ekupheleni ungquzulwano igazi kwiMpuma Ekude, intlola yokuluka kwafuneka ukuba benze uqeqesho abatsha. Ukubuyela eRashiya, yena kuqala waziphosa iziganeko revolution (kwi imvelaphi ukungaphumeleli imfazwe Japan revolution lonke kuqala ngo-1905). Elizayo jikelele Kutepov wayekhwele ngololiwe, xa uloliwe wayeka kubabethi ababengaxolanga kwaye isaziso ukudalwa lizwe labo. Le emkhosini belingekanyuswa Emangalisiwe, yaye ibize ndaweninye okokugqibela nenkxaso amajoni abanyanisekileyo babamba ikomiti wotshitsho, abasusa kwisikhululo sikaloliwe.

iminyaka wakhathazeka

Ukususela ekuqalekeni yokuQala yeHlabathi leMfazwe uAleksandr Kutepov wakhokela inkampani yesi-4 Preobrazhensky webutho. Agasti 20, 1914 mpi Vladislavovo agqibe nxeba kuye. Kungekudala, igosa wachacha waza wathabatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi eziliqela ngempumelelo nxamnye amaJamani. Ngomhla olwandulela bomzabalazo, waba sikhulu.

NgoFebruwari 1917, Kutepov yayiyindawo yeholide elide ilindelwe kwaye bafika e-Petrograd. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba igosa kuphela uluhlu yakhe (colonel), wazama ukuyeka kwimvukelo zendalo lwenqila, eyaphela kunye shela kakumkani. Nangona kunjalo, eli qela, nelawula ukuqokelela Kutepov, sasisincinane kakhulu sizoku lwisana abemi disaffected Petrograd iindimbane.

Kwakhona kwi phambi

Emva kokuba February Revolution, igosa wabuyela emsebenzini esebenzayo. Ngo-Epreli, wayiqhubela Guards Life webutho. Ngexesha le lokusekwa yaba phantse umchiza kuphela silwe kwi ngaphambili. Inxalenye eseleyo ibolile phantsi inyathelo nxamnye imfazwe nokuyaluzela olululo.

Ngelo xesha Preobrazhensky webutho, wathabatha inxaxheba Breakout Tarnopolsky. Ngexesha lo msebenzi, ngoJulayi 7, 1917 Kutepov waphinda wazibonakalisa edabini kufuphi kwilali Mszana. Ngokuba uqulukubhode bakhe, wafumana Order of St George isidanga 3. I Preobrazhensky butho Igama Aleksandra Kutepova liye laziwa nokuzimisela, ukuzinikela umsebenzi kunye nenkonzo nokuzincama ukuya looMawokhulu.

Emzantsi

Kunye kokufika yamaBolshevik umkhosi, leyo walwa eJamani Austria-iHungary, ekugqibeleni yawohloka. NgoDisemba 1917, Kutepov wemka ngaphambili waya eKiev. Xa "unina izixeko Russian", waba Lamatsha Army. ungaluqalanga Isigaba esebenzayo yemfazwe yamakhaya. Abaphikisi wasindisa amandla yabo belungiselela gazi.

End of 1917 - ekuqaleni kuka-1918. elizayo jikelele Kutepov eyayibanjelwe baseTaganrog, apho waba yintloko ikampu yasekuhlaleni. Apho kwafuneka bazamazamana Red Guards. NgoJanuwari 1918, White ikwazile ukuba ndimaphule amajoni-yamaBolshevik pro kwi ebusuku Matveyev Kurgan. Ngokutsho engemveleli wakhe omkhulu Anton Denikin, yaba idabi yokuqala enkulu kweMfazwe Civil.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phakathi kwakhe Kutepov kukho iseti iimbambano zabantu. Denikin Kwabekwa ngokufanelekileyo silinene, lo gama Alexander Pavlovich wayesoloko izimvo monarchist azinikele. Noko ke, phezu kwayo nje ukungangqinelani malunga nohlobo efanelekileyo amandla, Kutepov ebesoloko inkxaso umphathi omkhulu kwimibandela zomkhosi.

nxamnye iiBolsheviks

Zisuka nje onke amagosa kwi inkonzo, i-White Army kwaba nzima kakhulu kwaye yindinisa. Le apotheosis yeemeko nabuntu imfazwe Umkhankaso "Ice" nxamnye Kuban (Februwari - Meyi 1918). Kulo msebenzi, Kutepov wakhokelelwa elinye lamadindala omlomo webutho ngayo. Ngo-Epreli, waqala umthetho Kornilov webutho, ngoko - First elihamba Division.

NgoNovemba, Alexander Pavlovich waba General Major. Ngomhla olwandulela imikhosi ezimhlophe wathabatha Novorossiysk, kunye Denikin wamiswa wamajoni Black Sea Kutepov. Le ukhetho kwabonakala engaqhelekanga kuninzi, njengoko umthetheli bayaqala zayichaphazela ukuba ulawulo yomphakathi.

Xa isikhundla sakhe esitsha igosa ukwenza inkqubo nzima-guided. amanyathelo akhe ngenkani neentshaba urhulumente emhlophe beza ukuba eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Kutepov." irhuluneli Military ophethe ukhuseleko kunye nozinzo yonikezelo Novorossiysk, kuququzelelwa zii namahlakani angaphandle. Xa waba kwizibuko engundoqo isiseko unikezelo olungaphandle intshukumo emhlophe. Kutepov waququzelela kwikomkhulu elitsha waza wamenza intloko Nikolaya De Roberti. Waba ngasekunene Alexander Pavlovich kunye kumabi nemimiselo yakhe yasemkhosini.

Xa intloko regiments 'obugolide "

NgoJanuwari 1919, sele jikelele ezaziwayo-kakuhle Russian wakhokela 1st Army lweSizwe, esebenze kwi Donets Basin. Winter nasentlakohlaza abemkileyo ukuya ihlangane imikhosi kunye wokhuselo empuma Ukraine. Yaba ixesha uxinzeleko kakhulu onke amabutho Volunteer Army.

ulwalamano Denikin kunye noogxa ezininzi eyashiya ukuba ezinqwenelwayo (ingakumbi uvalo zizakubalulwa ulwalamano lwakhe Wrangel). Ngoko ke, lo mphathi kwi umthunywa oyintloko Kutepov (emva komyalelo ayikho umthetheli-mkhosi) amagunya. Ngokukodwa, Denikin wamnika regiments "obugolide" - undoqo we-White Army Guard.

Choice ngenxa yokuba Kutepov wayesaziwa ngokuba yesigqeba ngenkuthalo kunye namagorha, ukuba akanamdla kwipolitiki. Yaye ngenene kwaba njalo. Nangona abanye babelana isikhumba bear wabulala yaye yaxoxa kwikamva kwezopolitiko kukhululwa Russian iiBolsheviks, lo jikelele wenza ishishini lakhe nzima phambi-line.

Isigaba sokugqibela bemfazwe

umphathi-mkhosi waphinda wabonisa iimpawu zakhe ezibalaseleyo ngexesha operation eKharkov. Ngenxa yenkonzo ebalaseleyo netshatsheleyo wenziwa yinjengele. Kungekudala waqalisa lohlaselo kwi Moscow Volunteer Army. Iphulo lokulwa ikomkhulu yamandulo Gen. Kutepov umthetho engabandakanyi, apho bafika Eagle. Ke baminxwe ukusebenza bamlandela baleka kude Novorossiysk. Nangona kokoyiswa emva jikelele Russian wakwazi ukugcina ekulweni umthamo yoqhekeko abangamavolontiya owayamileyo - Markov, Kornilov, Alexeyev kunye Drozdovskaya.

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1920 Kutepov waye eCrimea, apho Baron Wrangel wammisela umthetheli omnye izakhiwo yokugqibela emhlophe. Xa intloko lokusekwa igosa waya ukulwa lonke Northern Tavria. Nangona iinzame Alexander kunye nezinye iinkokheli abadumileyo zomkhosi omzabalazo White, kwiBolsheviks baqhubeka ekhubekisayo zabo. NgoNovemba 1920, Kutepov waye asuswa eCrimea.

izwe

White Guard General Kutepov, ogama engobomi ngumzekelo wendlela expellees amandla yiSoviet lutshaba, xa ekuhlaleni yokuqala Gallipoli. Kukho wahlanganisa bonke abasinde umkhosi Wrangel. NgoDisemba 1921, Kutepov umzimba wakhe wavela Bulgaria. abasemagunyeni Local bambamba baza bagxothwa kwelo lizwe. Warlord wafudukela yiYugoslavia, apho waba Assistant eyiNtloko Russian Army.

Ngowe-1924, Jikelele Kutepov kunye nomfazi wakhe noLidiya Davydovna Kyut ukuhlala eParis. Igosa waqalisa ukukhonza kwi Grand Duke Nicholas, apho uninzi yokushiywa ezimhlophe ingqalelo intloko weNdlu abathinjiweyo ka Romanov. Great-ngumalume waloo tsar lokugqibela Russian amisiweyo usihlalo yegosa odumileyo EMRO - Russian Military Union.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa imeko yakhe entsha Alexander Kutepov? Jikelele waseka uxhulumaniso kunye nemibutho ezifihlakeleyo anti-eSoviet ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo kummandla USSR. Ke noko, wayethembe ukuba ngoncedo lwabo, ukuba anithanga ukuphatha ukuwisa iiBolsheviks, nangona amandla abo ukudala ezininzi iingxaki. Kodwa icebo Kutepov ukusuka ekuqaleni ndingungantweni.

ukufa

"Umbutho Anti-eSoviet" cell wadala ngqo amagosa zokhuseleko izingele ukutshayela iinkokeli akhutheleyo yokushiywa Russian eYurophu. Ukungaphumeleli kakhulu Kutepov waba intsebenziswano bakhe 'Thembela', nto leyo kwaqhutywa ulawulo OGPU.

January 26, 1930 Alexander Pavlovich laxhwilwa agents ubukrelekrele Soviet. operation nokulinga senziwa Paris. Ukususela ngaloo mini, kwaye igqalwa imini yokufa Kutepov, nangona iimeko Isiphelo sakhe ahlale mbandela mbali imbambano. Kwi leSoviet, ulwazi malunga White Guard iinjengele zafakwa phantsi "mfihlelo."

Kuphela ngo-1989 kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba Kutepov wafa umkhumbi yamaBolshevik Driven kuye Novorossiysk. Kukholelwa ukuba igosa ufile ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo (mhlawumbi isizathu yalo ithamo ngokugqithisileyo icaffeine wazisa ngabathimbi). Xa olunye uhlobo lwale White Guard nangoku wasiwa eMoscow, apho bafela Lubyanka.

memory

Namhlanje, kukho ubuncinane enye isikhumbuzo General Kutepov. Le ibekwe kwi emangcwabeni Russian ayintloko Paris Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. Ecaleni kwakhe wamisa jikelele cenotaph. Engcwabeni ihlala apho, oko ezisebenza umsebenzi yokomfuziselo.

Warlord bengashiyanga memoirs, kodwa kwamenza abaninzi ababephila kunye namaqabane emfazweni yoluntu yokushiywa. Memoirs Jikelele yapapashwa eRussia 2000. Le ncwadi ibonisa ntoni na ngokwenene isiqingatha-ilityalwe a bakhaya uAleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov. Quotes iintetho zakhe iincoko ngaphambili kwaye kubaluleke kunye noogxa White Army ninikela iziganeko ngomfanekiso unique nezidubedube Russian.