PDCA-cycle - ifilosofi ngcono okuqhubekayo zoshishino

PDCA-cycle (Deming Umjikelo) - enye nezimaphambili ezingundoqo ngokwenkcazo kulawulo lwangoku. Kwakhona yakha isiseko ye ISO 9000 series, ezisetyenziswa ehlabathini lonke lolawulo lomgangatho kumashishini zabo bonke ubukhulu kunye iintlobo.

definition

Deming PDCA-umjikelo - iteknoloji inkqubo eqhubekayo yophuculo, kokubini kwezoshishino kunye mntu ukwenye intsimi msebenzi. Igama le ndlela kuyinto segama amagama IsiNgesi 4 kuba ulandelelwano lomsebenzi ukuphuculwa amanyathelo:

• P - Plan (Plan);
• D - Do (ukwenza);
• C - Khangela (uqinisekise, ukuhlalutya);
• A - Act (Act).

Yonke kusengqiqweni yaye ilula: kuqala kufuneka ucinge ngayo isenzo. Ngoko kukho ukuphunyezwa ngokungqinelana nesicwangciso. Inyathelo lesithathu - uhlahlelo lweziphumo. Ke ekugqibeleni, lo yokugqibela - Act - iquka ukuqaliswa iinguqu ezithile ukuze kuphuculwe inkqubo kunye / okanye kubekwe izinto ezintsha. Emva iqala le sigaba ayinakulimaza ngaphandle kokuba uceba-, ekufuneka luthathele yonke eliye yenziwe ngaphambili.

Ngokwalo PDCA loop obuvezwa ngokohlobo kwevili ebonisa ekuqhubekekeni yenkqubo.

Ngoku khangela kwinqanaba ngalinye ngokweenkcukacha.

Plan (Plan)

Isigaba sokuqala - uceba. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ucacise ngokucacileyo ingxaki, uze ubone indlela ezingundoqo umsebenzi uze unyuke kunye nesisombululo kangangoko.

A impazamo enohlobo - ukuba kuqulunqwe isicwangciso esekelwe liyavumelana kunye nolawulo okucingelwayo ezikhathazayo. Ngaphandle ukwazi nobangela wezi ngxaki, sinako, okungcono, Nokwethisa impumelelo yalo, koko okwethutyana. Ziziphi izixhobo ingasetyenziselwa le?

Indlela "5 Kutheni '

Kuye kwasungulwa emva kwi-40, kodwa waba ethandwayo kweminyaka engama-30 kamva, xa waqalisa ukuba ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa inkampani Toyota. Indlela yokwenza azihlole?

Okokuqala kufuneka ukuchaza ukupela engxakini. Emva koko buza: "Kutheni le nto isenzeka?" uze ubhale phantsi zonke izizathu. Emva koko kufuneka wenze okufanayo impendulo nganye. Emva koko siye ecaleni imigca efanayo njengoko mbuzo, "Kutheni?" hayi ngamaxesha-5 ziza kubekwa. Njengoko umthetho, impendulo eyesihlanu isizathu wokwenene.

Ishikawa idayagramu

Le ndlela ivumela ukuba ukumela ngokwegrafu ulwalamano kobude of izenzakalo naliphi na ishishini. Igama emva umdali wayo, lo yemichiza Kaoru Ishikawa, kwaye ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa kulawulo.

Ngokwakha mzobo ezahlula 5 imithombo mhlawumbi iingxaki: ngabantu, izinto, indawo (okusingqongileyo), izixhobo kunye neendlela. Ngamnye kubo, ke, kungaba izizathu eneenkcukacha. Umzekelo, umsebenzi abasebenzi kuxhomekeka kumgangatho wemfundo, impilo, iingxaki zobuqu njalo njalo. D.

Ukulandelelanisa ukwakha Ishikawa umzobo:

1. Zoba utolo oxwesileyo ekunene, nokuba kufutshane nencam yayo ubhale ingxaki wayenza ngokucacileyo.
2. Kwi-engile ukuya kumfanekiso engundoqo ulwalathiso izinto 5 engundoqo yimpembelelo, esixoxe ngasentla.
3. Neentolo amancinane abonisa izizathu eneenkcukacha. Ukwengeza eyayizalwa esihle. Yenza oku kuba nje hayi akhutshelwe zonke izinto kunokwenzeka.

Emva koko, zonke iinketho afunyenwe zikhutshwe ngendlela kwikholam, ukusuka engokoqobo ukuya umntwana.

"Iintloko"

Iingcinga kunye neengcali kunye nabasebenzi ezingundoqo, apho umsebenzi iqela ngalinye - igama njengoko izinto ezininzi ezinokubakho kunye nezisombululo ukuya ngxaki, kubandakanywa kakhulu kumnandi.

Emva uhlalutyo sethiyori kuyimfuneko ukufumana ubungqina lokwenene engqina ukuba unobangela wengxaki kuchazwe ngokuchanekileyo. Act ngenxa yokuba ebale ( "eyona kungenzeka ...") akunakwenzeka.

Njengoko yokucwangcisa, kukho kwakhona izinto ezichaphazela ebalulekileyo. Kubalulekile ukucwangcisa nemihla, ukupeyinta ulandelelwano ngokucacileyo izenzo kunye neziphumo ezingqinisisekayo (kubandakanywa esiphakathi), apho kufuneka akhokele.

Yenza (Do)

Isigaba sesibini PDCA-komjikelo - ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso, ukuphunyezwa utshintsho. Kaninzi kungcono ukumisela kuqala izigqibo ezenziwa ngomlinganiselo encinane, ukubamba i "uvavanyo intsimi" kwaye ubone ukuba isebenza njani kwindawo encinane okanye into. Ukuba kukho abekiweyo oziphosileyo, ukulibaziseka, kubalulekile ukuqonda isizathu (ucwangciso ngqiqweni okanye ukungabi uqeqesho ngakwicala labasebenzi). Ukongeza, ukungenisa inkqubo yolawulo aphakathi, nto leyo evumela ukuba alinde nje ngenxa yeziphumo, uze ugcine track of kwenziweyo.

Khangela (Khangela)

Ngamagama alula, ke ngoku kuyimfuneko ukunika impendulo kumbuzo omnye: "Oko siye sakufunda?". PDCA-cycle ibandakanya uvavanyo rhoqo kwiziphumo ezifunyenwe. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuhlola inkqubela ngokunxulumene neenjongo, ukumisela into isebenza kakuhle kwaye yintoni ekufuneka kuphuculwe. Ikakhulu wazithwala phandle ziingxelo uhlolo kunye namanye amaxwebhu lweshishini.

Kuba nokuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kwe komjikelo Shewhart-Deming (PDCA) kwishishini kufuneka lisekwe ukuze linike iingxelo zenkqubela rhoqo kwaye uxoxe iziphumo kunye nabasebenzi. Isixhobo efanelekileyo kuba oko ukusungulwa iqhosha ukusebenza neziphawuli zokusebenza KPI, nto leyo eyakhelwe ngokusekelwe zenkuthazo kunye nokukhuthaza abasebenzi kakhulu nemveliso.

Take Action

Inyathelo lokugqibela - oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, isenzo. Kukho ingaba iinketho ezininzi:

• ukwenza utshintsho;
• wabalahla isisombululo ukuba kubonakalisiwe zakuba lilize;
• awaphinde onke amanyathelo PDCA-kumjikelo kwakhona, kodwa ukwenza izilungiso ezithile kule nkqubo.

Ukuba into isebenza kakuhle kwaye ingaphinda-phindwa, isisombululo kufuneka ezikumgangatho ofanayo. Ukuze wenze oku, wenze utshintsho olufanelekileyo kuxwebhu yenkampani: .. imimiselo Work, imiyalelo, imisebenzi iitsheklisti kuhlolwa, iinkqubo zoqeqesho umsebenzi, njalo njalo Ngelo xesha kufuneka ukuba nazo zizivandlakanye indlela Ithemba lokufakela ukuphuculwa kwezinye iinkqubo zoshishino, leyo kuvela iingxaki ezifanayo.

Ukuba, ke, kuphuhliswa akukhange iziphumo ezilindelekileyo isicwangciso samanyathelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuhlalutya ezi izizathu zoko kusilela, uze ubuyele Inqanaba lokuqala (Plan) kwaye uzame ngendlela eyahlukileyo.