Shewhart Deming-cycle ulawulo amanyathelo lwemveliso

Management efuna ukuphuhlisa ulawulo olusebenzayo lweenkqubo zemveliso kunye nomgangatho imveliso. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ekusombululeni le ngxaki. Nokunikezela ababhali kwengcamango yinkqubo eqhubekayo yophuculo ngu umjikelo lolawulo Walter Shewhart noWilliam Deming eyaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Bacebise ukuba, nangona umahluko omkhulu kwimveliso, ukulandelelana yezenzo iyafana kuzo zonke iinkqubo. Sixelele malunga eyona yale theory nendlela yokusebenzisa le modeli practice.

Ingcamango yolawulo lwemveliso

Umbutho kwenkqubo, iimpembelelo izinto ezahlukeneyo ebizwa ulawulo. iinkqubo zolawulo kwenzeka kuphela emsebenzini, umntu ngamnye kufuneka alungise ubomi babo, thatha iintlobo ngeentlobo izisombululo ukuphumeza iinjongo. Ngoko ke, ulawulo - yinto umda enjalo ebanzi, kude ngaphaya umda yokudala imveliso okanye inkonzo. Lo mbono W. Deming Umjikelo lokulawula esixubusha, kukuba ulawulo olukhoyo phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, yaye kufuneka indlela eqhelekileyo amanyathelo. Naluphi na ulawulo ezinxulumene ukuqokelelwa nokulungisa ulwazi, ukwenza izigqibo, iinkqubo uququzelelo, uqikelelo, ukubeka esweni nokuvavanya ngempumelelo. ulawulo Modern ucinga iinkqubo ezininzi, kuquka imveliso, njengoko iiprojekthi. Kwaye lophawu ebalulekileyo nayiphi na iprojekthi na umgangatho. Kule meko, kukho indawo ezizodwa ezifana nolawulo lomgangatho.

Umgaqo ezisisiseko zolawulo lomgangatho

Kuso nasiphi na isigaba kwimveliso namhlanje liqalise nenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe. Bona ejoliswe ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho ezinzileyo iimpahla okanye iinkonzo ezinikwe. ulawulo Umgangatho isekelwe kwimigaqo esisiseko ezimbalwa. Ezi ziquka ugxininiso abathengi kunye neemfuno zakhe, ukubandakanyeka kunye lokukhuthazwa kwabasebenzi, ukwamkelwa izigqibo eziyinyani ezisekelwe kwiinyaniso, intloko ngobunkokheli kunye ukuphucuka okuqhubekayo. Oku malunga nokuphunyezwa kwe-siseko wokugqibela kwaye ibonisa abaphandi owadala mjikelo Deming kunye Shewhart. okuphucula umgangatho yinjongo esisigxina lombutho nganye. Lufikelela kuyo yonke imigangatho lweshishini kubantu kwintloko, okusingqongileyo ukusebenza kunye imveliso ogqityiweyo. Ukuphucula umgangatho ingasetyenziswa enye iindlela ezimbini: intuthuko kanye ngokuthe ngcembe. Oku kuphunyezwa xa sijonge ukusungulwa standardisation, uhlahlelo kunye nemilinganiselo, kwakunye nokwenza zilingane.

concept Shuharata

American ulawulo Umcebisi nzulu esidumileyo Uolter Shuhart ngo-1930 xa uphonononga ngokunzulu nemiba yokulawula ubulunga kweemveliso zoshishino. umsebenzi wakhe phezu lokuzikhumbuza ngokulindelekileyo, leyo yindlela bokulungisa nokwakhelwa uzinzo noqikeleleko nayiphi na inkqubo, iye yaba linyathelo kakhulu kuphuhliso nolawulo. Iminyaka emininzi waqokelela kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani esweni iinkqubo zemveliso. Kwaye kwincopho umsebenzi wakhe yesayensi yaba Deming-Shewhart loop. Ezincwadini zakhe, yena Mathews indlela manani komgangatho wolawulo nozinzo iinkqubo zemveliso kunye neemveliso lokugqibela. Xa ulawulo Shewhart chonga izigaba ezithathu eziphambili: uphuhliso terms of reference kunye nokubalulwa ukuze kukhululwe iimveliso elizayo, imveliso ngokungqinelana nemigaqo, ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho kwemveliso kunye nokuthotyelwa kunye parameters ekhankanyiweyo. Kamva lo inzululwazi scheme siguqule imodeli amanyathelo 4:

1. design Product.
2. Ukwenziwa Product nokuvavanywa elabhoratri.
3. Launch Product.
4. imveliso neyiyo inyathelo, uvavanyo yabathengi.

W. Shewhart ecetywayo indlela inkqubo njengoko nemveliso kakhulu kulawulo. iingcamango yakhe yaba nefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso kwethiyori yolawulo.

Ingcamango Deming

UGrade W. Shewhart Uilyam Edvards Deming wathabatha ukulungisa nokuphucula imfundiso yakhe. Waba umdali kombono kunye nendlela jikelele lombutho yolawulo lomgangatho iyonke. Deming ukuxhasa imbono yokuba yokuphucula umgangatho lenkampani ngenxa uphuculo kwiinkalo ezintathu: imveliso, abasebenzi kunye nemveliso. Kwakhona ngenxa yophando olwenziwe iminyaka kwakukho inkqubo Total yoLawulo lweMigangatho, nto leyo ehambisana ubukhulu becala kuphuhliso lwe Deming. Kumjikelo ka umgangatho ophuculweyo, ngokutsho ingcali yenzululwazi, akukho isiphelo, yaye inophawu setyhula. Ebona indlela ezimbini ezinkulu ukuphuculwa zoshishino: yokuqinisekisa umgangatho (ukuphuculwa kwemveliso, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi , njl ...), nokuphucula umgangatho. Ngokutsho ingcali yenzululwazi, hayi nje ukuba zigcine umgangatho ofanelekileyo ezisemgangathweni, kufuneka ukuba bahlale bezama ukuphucula umgangatho wakhe. Deming umjikelo uhlaziyo yenziwa amanyathelo zohlobo olwahlukileyo. Ezi zezi: Ucwangciso, ukuphunyezwa, uvavanyo kunye nokusebenza. Makhe siqwalasele iimpawu kwisigaba ngasinye ngokweenkcukacha.

ucwangciso

Ubukhulu becala Shewhart-Deming mjikelo iquka inyathelo elibalulekileyo, uphuhliso lwemveliso zombini kunye nemveliso zoyilo. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, oosomashishini kufuneka siqhubeke ukuphucula ucwangciso imveliso. Kwaye oku ukucwangcisa iinjongo ezintsha, ukuhlola izixhobo, ukwenza isicwangciso kakuhle amanyathelo ukuqesha beqonga kunye nemihla. Kweli nqanaba kubalulekile ukufumana iingxaki nezisombululo zazo. Ukuze ufumane igumbi lokunyusela, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuhlalutya ngenyameko lo meko, inkqubo yemveliso, imarike. amanyathelo kohlaziyo kuya kunceda babone amathuba okuphucula. Kwakhona, kwesi sigaba, utsalela izicwangciso ezicacisiweyo sokuphuculwa eyenziwe isicwangciso imveliso. Isicwangciso umgangatho ivumela ukubonelela amandla majeure ubeke isiseko esiqinileyo ukuze ishishini.

ukubulawa

Ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso - iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo. Cycle Deming ibandakanya ulwabiwo eyahlukileyo yolawulo lomgangatho inyathelo inqwanqwa 'ukubulawa ". Kweli nqanaba, Deming lithethelela ukuba uqala kuqala ngumfuziselo wayezelwe ngomlinganiselo encinane, ukwenzela ukuthintela ilahleko enkulu-isikali xa kuthe ukusilela. Ekuphumezeni izicwangciso kubalulekile ukulandela ngenyameko imiyalelo kunye neenkcukacha yaphuhliswa. Umphathi kufuneka agcine umkhondo ngenyameko ngenyathelo kwinkqubo nyathelo ngalinye, ukuba avumelane nazo zonke iimfuno. Xa ingqiqo Kweli nqanaba Deming kaThixo kunokuba uvavanyo, uvavanyo, kunokuba imveliso mass. Ukuphehlelelwa lothotho ayifuni inkokheli kangangoko ingqalelo, kodwa ke uqala kuqala - zibaluleke kakhulu. Umphathi kufuneka uqiniseke 100% ukuba zonke kubuchwepheshe ziyahlonitshwa, kuba siqinisekiso ekumgangatho.

ukuhlolwa

Xa imveliso mass yaphehlelelwa, izazinzulu isindululo ukuqhuba isifundo diagnostic. Deming Umjikelo yohlalutyo iqulathe inyathelo elikhulu apho imfuneko ukuvavanya indlela inkqubo ukuzama ukufumana amandla ezintsha zokuphucula umgangatho. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuvavanya iimpawu kwimbono imveliso okanye inkonzo ngumboleki. Ukuze wenze oku, enze uvavanyo, amaqela ekugxilwe, kunye nocazululo ingxelo zabathengi. Kwakhona, kwesi sigaba, ngokuqinisekileyo ukwenza uxilongo iinkqubo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwazo kunye nemigangatho zobugcisa. Ukongeza, udlula ukuvavanywa kwabasebenzi, kwenziwa nolawulo lomgangatho womsebenzi kwabasebenzi kunye nokuveliswa neziphawuli zokusebenza eziphambili (KPI). Ukuba ufumana naziphi na izinto ezinxaxhileyo parameters amisiweyo, ngoko kuqhutywa ugqogqo ngenxa yezizathu lo.

izenzo

Isigaba sokugqibela somjikelo Deming - ke Ukungabikho ukunyhashwa esifunyenweyo neentsilelo. Kweli nqanaba, ukuba athathe onke amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze afumane ubulunga obucetywayo. Kwakhona wenza uxwebhu olubhaliweyo kunye nokuzinzisa kweziphumo ngohlobo kwemigaqo nemiyalelo. Deming umjikelo, amanyathelo athe anxulunyaniswa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo QC kubandakanya isiphakamiso setyhula. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba onke iintsilelo kunye neendawo ilahleko umgangatho kunokwenzeka ukuba nya, kwakhona kufuneka ubuyele kwinqanaba lokuqala baqalisa ukukhangela amathuba amatsha ukuphucula. Oku kubangela amava mjikelo mfuneko lisetyenziswa kwi ijika olandelayo, oko kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko kwaye kuphuculwe umgangatho imveliso.

Imigaqo ephambili Deming

Ziqonde ngcamango yakhe, ISAZINZULU ngokuqulunqa eziliqela postulates, ezo zibizwa ngokuba "Principles of Deming." Umjikelo Improvement esekelwe phezu kwabo, yaye weza kubo. Eyona migaqo ibalulekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

- I ukuqinisela injongo. okuphucula umgangatho, njengoko injongo lubalaseleyo kufuneka asoloko kunokufikelelwa apha qhinga kunye namaqhinga.

- bakwaNdlunkulu buqu uxanduva umgangatho.

- Uqinisekiso lomgangatho akufuneki ukuba omkhulu, kufuneka yakhiwe ibe kanye inkqubo yemveliso.

- Unyinyo kunye misebenzi kufuneka kube nengqondo ngononophelo kwaye ngokoqobo.

- Kuyimfuneko ukukhuthaza ukuzibophelela kwabasebenzi uqeqesho, ukukhuthaza abasebenzi ukuphucula izakhono zabo.

- Ukuphucula umgangatho kufuneka ibe yinxalenye mission bulumko yenkampani, kwaye ngaphezu kwabo bonke abalandeli bakhe ukuba babe ngabaphathi.

- Abasebenzi kufuneka babe nakho ukuba neqhayiya ngomsebenzi wabo.

Kamva, ngokusekelwe kwezi postulates zaye laliqulunqwe imigaqo engundoqo yenkqubo esemgangathweni ngamazwe.

Umjikelo Application Shewhart-Deming

Model Deming-Shewhart igama "uMjikelo PDCA», belizwe zisetyenziswa kwizenzo zolawulo mihla. Deming Cycle, umzekelo apho zifumaneka entlanganweni yomsebenzi phantse kuzo zonke iinkampani ezinkulu behlabathi, sisixhobo elaziwayo zokuphucula umgangatho weemveliso. Kakhulu ngokupheleleyo yaye gqolo, ingqiqo wamkelwa kwi kulawulo Japanese. Deming kubonwa kweli lizwe iqhawe lesizwe, uye ufumene iimbasa ezininzi, kubandakanywa izandla kaKesare. Kwakhona eJapan, oko kumiselwa ibhaso egama Deming. Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yama-21, lo gama ubesoloko ethatha kusetyenziswa kulawulo Russian, kuba sisiseko sokuphuhlisa kwemigangatho kwemigangatho amazwe ngamazwe nezesizwe.