Battle of ESmolensk 1941: Ixabiso

Ngehlobo lowe-1941 xa iindonga ESmolensk, amathemba kaHitler ukusingatha blitzkrieg qwa ngokuchasene yiSoviet Union wabumisela kuphumelele. Apha, amajoni aseJamani ngoweqela wemikhosi "Centre", abasuke phantsi iinyanga 2 iimfazwe kunye Red Army futhi salahlekelwa ixesha kuphela, kodwa isantya intshukumo, kwakunye zamandla ukuze kufuneka nabo nakwixesha elizayo.

Battle of ESmolensk 1941 yi lonke uluhlu lwemisebenzi zombini okuhlaselayo ukulwa endalweni. Bachitha inxenye nabaphumi-Central, Western, Bryansk kunye Reserve fronts nxamnye amajoni amaNazi, amalungu "Centre" iqela wemikhosi. ESmolensk idabi kwenzeka kwixesha ukususela-10 Julayi ukuya kwi-10 Septemba. Ukruthakruthwano phakathi kwamaqela amabini usilwa wabamba kwintsimi enkulu ukuba ngu-650 km ukusuka kumgca ngaphambili nzulu nge-250 km. Oko yaqala ukulwa wamagazi. Battle of ESmolensk, ndimele ndithi, oko oye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo.

izicwangciso ukuze amaJamani

Lowo ngunyaka wokuqala waloo mfazwe. NgoJulayi, inkokheli lwamaNazi ebekwe phambi Jikelele-Marshal Feodor von Bock ukuba amalungu umyalelo imikhosi "Center", lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo. Yena Wayengqongwe kunye nokutshatyalaliswa umkhosi Soviet, ukuba ugcine ukhuseleko lwemilambo Dnieper kunye Western Dvina. Ukongeza, imikhosi yaseJamani babeza wasithimba isixeko ESmolensk, Vitebsk kunye Orsha. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuba ukuvula indlela ngqo ukuba uhlaselo lokugqibela kwi eMoscow.

Indawo amabutho Soviet

Ekupheleni kuka Juni, umyalelo eSoviet baqala ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza inani nabaphumi-Red Army ngasechwebeni i Dvina Koloni kunye Dnepr. Lanikwa umsebenzi: ukuthatha Polotsk, Vitebsk, Orsha, Kraslava, umlambo Dnepr alungise le mida. Battle of ESmolensk yayijonge kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuthintela kwizixekoapho imikhosi yaseJamani kwimimandla kumbindi woshishino lizwe, ngokunjalo eMoscow. Xa nobunzulu malunga 250 km ukusuka ngaphambili izahlulo-19 zaye ezifakwe. ESmolensk Uzibhekise aziphendulele.

NgoJulayi 10, abendlu ka-Front Western, owawukhokelwa Marshal Timoshenko, ibe imikhosi-5 (37 izigaba). Kwaye loo nto zamadoda layohlala ukusuka kummandla Western Belarus iindawo saa butho Soviet. Kodwa ke ngamaqela-24 kuphela kuloo ndawo deployment.

Indawo kunye nenani imikhosi German

Battle of ESmolensk ngo-1941 kwaba ezinomtsalane ngokwenene. Oku kungqinwa inani imikhosi abathathe inxaxheba kulo. Nangona ukugcwala imikhosi Soviet Uza, umyalelo waseJamani siyakrazula ndawonye imikhosi ezingundoqo kumaqela itanki ezimbini kummandla Dvina Koloni Dnepr. Ngelo xesha linye kwicandelo nomkhosi we-16 Army, eyayiyinxalenye iinxalenye qela i 'North', wathabatha inxaxheba ukusuka Drissa ukuya Idritsa.

Njengoko kuba imikhosi emibini sentsimi kwi "Umbindi" iqela, nto leyo amaqela angaphezulu kwe-30, ukuba lisasalele emva unxulumano zaphambili malunga 130-150 km. Isizathu sokuba kulibaziseka waba izimpi kwi kummandla Belarus.

Ngexesha kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe amaJamani wakwazi ukwakha noludumileyo abathile kubuchwepheshe kunye eqela labasebenzi kweli cala entsimini yokothuka engundoqo.

Battle of ESmolensk 1941 sele ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe kwizigaba 4. Ngamnye kubo kubaluleke kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo imbono yembali.

Inqanaba lokuqala

Wawuqala-10 ukuya kwi-20 Julayi. amajoni Soviet ngeli xesha ibonisa kuphela ezandayo izithonga utshaba elizulu lingasiyo phantsi iphiko ekunene kunye nombindi Western Front. Panzer Group German Gotha kunye 16 Field Army, esebenza kunye, ngaba ukwahlula th 22 ndawaphula ukuziphendulela 19 Army, ibekwe kummandla Vitebsk. Ngenxa yokuqhubeka lwamaNazi yokulwa nako ukufaka Velizh, Polack, Nevel, Demidov kunye Dukhovshchina.

Ekoneni, iiyunithi eSoviet we-22 Army wamomeleza indawo yayo kwi-Lovat River. Ngoko ke bayenza Luke Omkhulu. Ngelo xesha, 19-I, nto leyo ke ukulwa, kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele ESmolensk. Apho, yena, kunye 16 Army wakhokela kwidabi ngoyaba kweso sixeko.

Ngelo xesha, 2 Panzer Group, owawukhokelwa Geynts Guderian, inxalenye imikhosi yakhe ikwazile ukuze zingqonge amajoni Soviet kufuphi Mogilev. Kodwa main igunya yabo kuphoselwa kuthinjwe Orsha, ESmolensk, Krichev kunye Yelnya. Ezinye iindawo imikhosi Soviet uhlaselwa ngaphambili nangesemva, abanye bazama ukugcina Mogilev. Ngelo xesha, 21th Army waqhuba ekhubekisayo ngempumelelo yaye wabakhulula Rogachev kunye Zhlobin. Emva koko, ngaphandle kokuma, waqala phambili kwi Byhov kunye Bobruisk. Xa ezi zenzo, oko eziqhotyoshelwe phantsi imikhosi enkulu intsimi 2 utshaba umkhosi.

umlenze yesibini

Eli lixesha ngomhla we-21 Julayi ukuya kwi-7 Agasti. YiSoviet Army, ngubani walwa phezu Western Front, wafumana ukusekelwa ezintsha, yaye ngoko nangoko wahamba lohlaselo kwingingqi lokuhlaliswa kwabantu Yartsevo, White no Roslavl. Emzantsi, iqela kwamabutho, ebandakanya amaqela amathathu, kwaqala uhlaselo lwawo phezu iphiko kwaye wazama ukubaleka imikhosi eziyintloko iiyunithi lutshaba, aqukiwe "Centre" iqela wemikhosi. Kamva, amaJamani wajoyina uqhagamshelo usele.

Julayi 24 13 kunye 21th Army wazihlanganisa Central Front. Commander wamisa Colonel-Jikelele Fi Kuznetsov. Ngenxa ekulweni imikhosi zokunyanzelisa igazi Soviet akwazi ukuthiya kumaqela kwitanki ukuhlasela utshaba okucwangcisiweyo, kwaye th-16 kwaye we-20 umkhosi esilwa imfazwe le encirclement. Emva kweentsuku 6, kuye kwadalwa elinye ngaphambili - Reserve. umphathi yawo General zhukov.

Isigaba sesithathu

Wawuqala-8 ukuya kwi-21 Agasti. Ngeli xesha umlo basuka ezantsi ESmolensk ukuya Central, yaye kamva ukuya Bryansk Front. Sokugcina nge-16 Agasti. Banikwa umyalelo uLieutenant-Jikelele A. Yeremenko. Ukususela 8 Agasti, i-Red Army angaphumelela ngempumelelo konke ukuhlaselwa ka amaJamani kunye neqela labo netanki. Kunokuba ukunyathela eMoscow, amaJamani kwanyanzeleka ukuba alwe iinxalenye imikhosi Soviet, owaboyikisa ukusuka ezantsi. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, amaJamani baye bakwazi ukuba kuyiwe kummandla malunga 120-150 km. Bakwazi ukuba zivule phakathi unxulumano emibini Central kunye Bryansk amanye.

Kwakukho uloyiko lokuba bume. Eethenda isigqibo South-West kunye Fronts Central Agasti 19 zazenzelwe Dnieper. Abendlu ka-Koloni kunye Reserve, kwakunye 43th kunye 24 Army waqalisa ukukhulula lokuhlaselwa enamandla nxamnye notshaba mimandla Yartsevo Yelnya. Ngenxa yoko, amaJamani baye balahlekelwa enkulu.

Isigaba sesine

Isigaba sokugqibela emfazweni kwenzeka kwixesha ukususela 22 Agasti ukuya kowe-10 Septemba. Umkhosi yesibini waseJamani, kunye neqela netanki i laqhubeka kulwa nxamnye imikhosi Soviet kwi Bryansk Front. Ngeli xesha, i iitanki utshaba babewiselwe rhoqo kusehla nomoya omkhulu. Olu qhankqalazo air ababandakanyekayo ngaphezulu kwama-450 moya. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, eli qela itanki kulizothe ume ayiphumelelanga. It kubethwa enamandla ephikweni lasekunene Western Front. Ngenxa yoko, amaJamani ayekade isixeko Toropets. th 22 th 29 Army kwafuneka ukuba siphumele kuba Dvina Koloni.

NgoSeptemba 1, amajoni Soviet bayalelwa ukuya kwi ekhubekisayo, kodwa akuzange kube yimpumelelo gqitha. Yaba yanele nje ukuphelisa amaJamani Buze yingozi kufuphi Elnya. Ke ngomhla we-10 Septemba lohlaselo, kwagqitywa ekubeni ayeke uhambe phezu ukuzithethelela. Yaphela kanjalo Idabi ESmolensk ngo-1941.

wawalwela ESmolensk

Abanye ababhali-mbali badla ukukholelwa ukuba washiya isixeko imikhosi Soviet ngomhla we-16 kuJulayi. Kodwa ubungqina bubonisa ukuba Olubomvu Army wathethelela ESmolensk. Oku kungqinwa ilahleko ebalulekileyo ubunzima yi amaJamani ababefuna ukuba atyhudise, abheke kanye embindini esixekweni basithimba.

Yokubambezela amabutho esitha, ngoJulayi 17, ngokwemiyalelo Colonel P. Malyshev sappers ukuba yasha i kwo ngaphesheya Dnieper. Kwiintsuku ezimbini belusaqhubekeka bungwanyalala yokulwa esitratweni, xa iindawo ezininzi isixeko izihlandlo eziliqela ukuba Kwathi enye, ezinye ke isandla.

Ngelo xesha, amaJamani chatha amandla abo emkhosini, yaye kusasa ka July 19, kodwa wakwazi ukuba ingaxuthi iqhekeza ESmolensk, ibekwe phezu kodonga lasekunene lomlambo. Kodwa amajoni eSoviet abayi kunikezela phezu edolophini yotshaba. ESmolensk idabi Uyalwa yathatha 22 no-23 Julayi. Ebudeni boLawulo lwakhe Red Army wenziwe balwe kakhulu yimpumelelo, nokukhulula isitalato ngu esitratweni, ibhloko yi block. Kule mpi ukuba amaNazi isixeko iitanki idangatye-bafake. Le ndlela omkhulu idangatye ukuvuthela band yabo kubanike uza 60 m ubude. Ukongeza, phezu kweentloko amajoni Soviet gqolo eziphaphazelayo moya waseJamani.

Ingakumbi amadabi abaziingwanyalala zaye wawalwela emangcwabeni umzi, kwakunye naziphi na izakhiwo amatye. Amaxesha amaninzi uyajika melee, leyo ngokuqhelekileyo uphele uloyiso kwicala eSoviet. Ngobunzulu umlo omkhulu kangangokuba baseJamani nje Andinaxesha ukwenza off zabo kwaye beze.

Yezahlulo ezintathu eSoviet ukuba wathabatha inxaxheba wawalwela ESmolensk, ngasinye kukho amajoni hayi ngaphezulu kwe 250-300, ukutya kunye nezikhali zonke ndidiniwe. Ngelo xesha, iqela consolidated phantsi umyalelo Rokossovsky kwawona amaJamani town Yartsevo waza wayithimba ukunqumla Dnieper kufuphi Solovyov kunye Ratchino. Yile nyathelo ukuba lirhoxe kule th bume 19 no-16 umkhosi th Soviet.

Inxalenye yokugqibela ye-Red Army wemka ESmolensk ebudeni bobusuku-28 ukuya kwi-29 Julayi. Kwakukho enye kuphela nomkhosi. Bamsa kubaFarisi Senior Political A. Turov. Injongo yale nomkhosi yaba yokugubungela ukurhoxiswa imikhosi engundoqo amajoni Soviet evela ESmolensk, kwakunye bexelisa phambi kwi iiyunithi ezinkulu emkhosini. Emva kokugqiba i-odolo, abasindileyo waya intshukumo yabanqolobi.

iziphumo

Ngowe-1941, kunokutshiseka kuphela Patriotic iMfazwe Enkulu. Battle of ESmolensk-ngqwayi oluBomvu Army onamava emkhosini, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka ukuba alwe loo utshaba abamanyeneyo nonamandla. Le ngxabano, eyathatha iinyanga ezimbini, yaba sizathu siphambili kukusilela isicwangciso blitzkrieg Hitler nxamnye eSoviet Union.

Meaning Smolenskii ukulwa zibalulekile. Ngenxa yemigudu angaphaya nezenzo zobuqhawe, kwakunye neendleko ilahleko enkulu, i-Red Army yakwazi ukunqanda utshaba uye ukuziphendulela iindlela eMoscow. amajoni Soviet wathabatha abachatshazelwayo i-German Panzer Group, nto leyo efuna ukusebenzisa wasithimba isixeko ibalulekileyo yesibini eSoviet Union - iLeningrad.

Battle of ESmolensk, iifoto iziganeko zisekhona, wabonisa ukuba kukho inani elikhulu lamajoni namagosa ngeendleko yobomi bakhe ngobukroti anako wayendikhusela ngokoqobo zonke intshi ezweni lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kodwa musa ukulibala malunga abemi kuphela sixeko kodwa indawo leyo yayisinceda uncedo olukhulu kule ekudalweni yezikhundla ukuzithethelela. Isebenzisa malunga 300 lamawaka. Balapha. Ngaphezu koko, nabo bathabatha inxaxheba ekulweni. Kwingingqi ESmolensk ngexesha elifutshane lenzeka imikhosi ngaphezulu kwama-25 kwaye ithathele of kubabulali.