Battle of ESmolensk ngo-1812 - ukungavisisani yokuqala ezinkulu yomkhosi Russian nxamnye uNapoleon

Eyayibanjwe ngo Agasti, i-Battle of ESmolensk ngo-1812 yaba kwidabi yokuqala phakathi Russian kunye isiFrentshi, yaye nangona ndingazange ndibe imfazwe bamisa, kodwa iye yaba yenye iziganeko ezininzi ezinkulu lwe imfazwe kunye uNapoleon. Singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba lo clash wemikhosi ephawulwe sisiqalo ukwaphulwa ngexesha longquzulwano.

Nangona kokurhoxa umkhosi IsiRashiya ukuya eMoscow akayekanga, Noko ke, emva kokuba Idabi ESmolensk sagqitywa, kwathabatha umlinganiswa ngandlel 'ithile, yaye uNapoleon baqala ukuqonda ukuba olukhawulezayo' blitzkrieg "akathandi kusebenza, yaye kungekudala kufuneka ukufumana iindlela ezintsha imfazwe kunye mhlawumbi izizathu nokuba izikhali.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, nangona akukho uNapoleon okanye umphathi ye-First Western Army uMikhail Barclay de Tolly ukuba aqhube idabi ESmolensk akazange azame ukuphepha oko kwakungenzeki kwaphela. UNapoleon kwakufuneka enze ikhefu in advance zazo ngokukhawuleza nje emdeni Russian. Ngenxa yemfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukutya nokwanela, imikhosi French Wasolula ngokuqatha ngesandla, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba ndawonye zibe ngenqindi olunye kwakhona ngexesha uzama ngaloo ukuba kunqumle umkhosi yokuqala yasentshona Barclay de Tolly ukusuka isiphambuka kunye Army Okwesibini, babeyalwa ngako yi Bagration, ngexesha elifanayo bobabini ukusuka kwikomkhulu.

Barclay de Tolly esoyika ukuzibandakanya edabini ngqo kunye nabaphumi-French loMlawuli uyazi kangakanani yaye waqeqesha amajoni akhe kuloo ndlela imfazwe. Akazange afune ukuba buthathaka impi enjalo umlo amandla bemikhosi Russian, beqonda ukuba ukukhuthazwa utshaba eMoscow akayi kuba nako ukuyeka kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo ezisingisileyo qela de komlawuli kunye iinjengele zakhe, oko nethemba elibonakala nokuqhekeka yomkhosi French, kwafuneka ukuba uyavumelana ukuya edabini kufuphi ESmolensk.

August 4, elinesihlanu amajoni sewaka Russian angaphumelela ugwayimbo yokuqala isisiFrentshi ESmolensk, ovalelweyo kwangaphambili kunye nokunika ithuba lokuqala nolwesibini Western Army, ngokuhlwa ngaloo mini, bemanyene eliCebisayo 120,000th ukuza isixeko aze ahlale phezu kodonga lasekunene Dnieper eziphakamileyo malunga 200,000th umkhosi French, ukomeleza phezu kodonga lasekhohlo.

Intsasa uNapoleon kulindeleke ukuba amajoni Russian kuya kungena endle ukulwela kwifom lonke, kodwa oku akukenzeki. Ingqwayi-Russian omkhulu, kodwa befuna ukugcina umkhosi nanini na iindleko kwaye wonqanyulwa, ungabikho kwikomkhulu, wayalela iyindawo ukuya eMoscow. Ukuze bagubungele kokurhoxa, kwaye ziqulathe ukumelana isiFrentshi bengamabutho ngamabutho, sele inikezelwe lwezindlu Rajewski kunye Dokhturov neyantlukwano Neverovsky kunye Konovitsina leyo inxaxheba ziyindlela kwaye wayesilwa isiFrentshi. umkhosi UNapoleon kaThixo ESmolensk ilahleko yaba ngabantu abangama-20 amawaka. Nangona umkhosi Russian ezilahlekileyo amajoni kuphela 10 amawaka.

Ngosuku olulandelayo Valutina Iintaba - kwilali ibekwe ngeekhilomitha ezili-10 ukusuka ESmolensk, kwabakho ingxabano phakathi kwecala 3000th ka Russian, owawukhokelwa Tuchkov, yaye amawaka 40 waseFrance kwimeko Jikelele ney, wathumela uNapoleon ngenjongo aqingqiweyo yonxibelelwano yomkhosi ephumayo Russian . Tuchkov, ukuhlola ingozi owabuzwa kushenxa Russian ka ney, ngokuqhutywa yintliziyo bavala indlela eya French amandla yabo encinane, thatha entle kakhulu kwindlela ESmolensk. Ngenxa inzuzo yezikhundla zabo Tuchkov ikwazile ukuba awuthintele French imini yonke, yaye ngamanye amaxesha uye balwe. Ngexesha owokugqibela, leyo senzeka sele ebusuku, injengele okhaliphileyo uhlatywe kunye onencula, yafunqulwa banjwa.

Kodwa imizamo Tuchkova baba akulambathanga. umkhosi Russian wakwazi lokurhoxa ngempumelelo. Ngenxa yoko, imfazwe ESmolensk sagqitywa, eyathatha zizonke iintsuku ezimbini. ESmolensk wawa, kodwa ke umkhosi Russian ngaphandle ilahleko ebonakalayo wawela Dnieper kunye lweMedia nzulu eRashiya, ilungele eminye imisebenzi yokulwa.