Inkokeli Polish zomkhosi kunye wezopolitiko Sikorskiy Vladislav: engobomi, impumelelo kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Pole Wladyslaw Sikorski baba Bulelani edumileyo inxaxheba kumzabalazo inkululeko yesizwe ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Wakwazi kukudibanisa emkhosini kunye nomsebenzi nobuhlakani yezopolitiko. Emva kokuba umsebenzi ePoland yi isiThathu Reich Sikorski waba usihlalo urhulumente-in-ekuthinjweni. Wafa kule ngozi, kunye neemeko zawo zibe yindawo yokuzalela ukuba nobuninzi itulo ithiyori.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Oziphethe Polish elizayo kunye nenkokheli zomkhosi Sikorskiy Vladislav wazalwa May 20, 1881 kwi gmina tuszów narodowy - kwilali encinane Compostela. Emva koko, lo mmandla behlelo Austria-Hungarian uBukhosi, kodwa abemi bayo ubukhulu becala Slavic. Inkwenkwe Ndagqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphezulu eLviv (Lemberg) yaye babhalise kwi Polytechnic Institute yasekuhlaleni. Ngelo xesha, Poland yahlulwa phakathi Russia kunye uBukhosi Habsburg. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba Sikorskiy Vladislav waba inxaxheba intshukumo yesizwe. E Lviv, yena inxaxheba ekudalweni imibutho yenkululeko Polish.

Ngowe-1908, umfana oselula waya umzabalazo esebenzayo nxamnye Union. Umbutho Polish lamabutho "Sagittarius", wonyulwa njengosihlalo. Ngoxa e Compostela ziye zakhula mazwi anti-Austria, Europe ekugqibeleni masisondele leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ngowe-1914, i-kwabagrogrisi Serbian wadubula yindlalifa yaseOstriya Franz uFerdinand. Esi siganeko isizathu imfazwe leyo lwaseBritani yonke Old yeHlabathi. Austria-Hungary neRashiya ngokwabo kumacala ahlukeneyo ngothango. Izibonda, ogama amazwe yahlulwa phakathi kwamagunya babini belungiselela imfazwe inkululeko yawo. Sikorskiy Vladislav wayengomnye Iinkokeli ezininzi esebenzayo omzabalazo wenkululeko.

Umzabalazo inkululeko

Emva ihlasele asiphumelelanga yomkhosi Russian e East Prussia, i-Central Amagunya ahlala amaphondo wasentshona ebeyinalo eRashiya. Phakathi la mazwe uBukumkani Poland - Inkululeko Polish ababephantsi kolawulo lwakhe.

Ngowe-1916, Sikorskiy Vladislav waba lweli eJamani Austria-iHungary, waqalisa aziphazamise kulwenziwo uhlanga-karhulumente kunye nenkxaso ye-Central Powers. Esi simo sengqondo ukhokelele ekubeni umphathi weza bangquzulane inkokheli yesizwe Yuzefom Pilsudskim, ababekholelwa ukuba Poland kufuneka bakuphephe ukusekelwa nabamelwane balo.

Xa umfelandawonye Germany

Noko ke, ngo-1916 iprojekthi ye Sikorski ngenene yaphunyezwa. Novemba 5 yasayinwa mthetho, ngokuvumelana apho iJamani Austria-iHungary wayeyiqonda zoBukumkani ezintsha of Poland. Le meko yaba satellite abamelwane zayo ezinamandla.

AmaJamani zange awukhathalele ukuzimela Polish, bafuna nje ukuba acele inkxaso zezibonda nxamnye neRashiya. Kodwa ngoxa Władysław Sikorski wahlala lweli eJamani Austria ningathembe ngenkxaso yabo nokusekwa geqe. Ngowe-1916-1918 gg. umphathi wayenza ukuba izibonda bafunwe kungena umkhosi Central Powers.

Ibutho entsha Polish

November 11, 1918 e Warsaw, umkhosi wamajoni Polish owalihluthayo ikampu waseJamani. Germany ebilahlekile nje leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, koko i-revolution waqala apho. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ePoland nokwabela German ayikwazanga ukusindiswa phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba episode ngasentla e Warsaw weza Jozef Pilsudski, owaba intloko karhulumente. Kwakhona ngoNovemba, Wladyslaw Sikorski wamiselwa abaziintloko abasebenzi yomkhosi eseGalicia.

Nangona leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi yaphela, Poland kwafuneka kodwa ukufikelela kuqala uxolo kummandla wayo. Usongo lizwe yaba Soviet Russia. I iiBolsheviks, ukumisela amandla alo phezu emanxuweni ubukhosi liwa, ingqalelo Poland njengemfanelo zabo. Imfazwe phakathi abamelwane yaqala ngo-Januwari 1919. ULenin ithathwa eli phulo njengoko lokuqala mbuso yesigaba ihlabathi. Ngokuthe ngcembe, emva ukoyiswa alandelelanayo amaqela amhlophe fronts ezahlukeneyo, i-Red Army buzinze kwicala lasentshona nangamandla akhe onke.

nxamnye iiBolsheviks

Ukususela ekuqaleni imfazwe nxamnye Soviet Russia inkokeli yomkhosi Polish kunye wezopolitiko Sikorskiy Vladislav waphuma umkhosi Polesskii wamajoni, apho waba yintloko. Kwafuneka ukuba ukuhlela umkhosi ukusuka ekuqaleni. amabutho Polish akazange abe kwiziko ulawulo olunye, kunye nesakhiwo ecacileyo. Reforge wokuzithandela amabutho ukuba abasemagunyeni umkhosi eqhelekileyo akazange abe nexesha. Ngexesha lemfazwe, Poland kwafuneka ukuqala ngokoqobo ngezandla zabo ebalelelwe lilanga.

Kanti ke, emva kokuba kwacaca ukuba iiBolsheviks sesona soyikiso yokwenene, umkhosi yaququzelelwa ngokukhawuleza nabasebenzi. Negalelo elikhulu kule impumelelo wenze Wladyslaw Sikorski. Biography of lo mntu - umzekelo ocacileyo we ngobomi benkokeli wamajoni, ukuzama isandla sakhe ezahlukahlukeneyo kwamandla e kwikomkhulu entsimini umsebenzi. Akumangalisi ukuba iinkokheli omtsha karhulumente wakubona kufanelekile ukuphathisa kuye ekuqhubeni imisebenzi emininzi.

Kiev operation

Sikorski wamiselwa Group imikhosi "Polesie" ngo-Agasti 1919. Kuba ixesha elithile icala lakhe ngxi kummandla Minsk. Emva koko wathathwa Mozyr. Red Army amaxesha ubuncinane ezine wazama ukuba baphinde babe edolophini, kodwa watsho phantsi. Ngo-Apreli 1920, umphathi-mkhosi wathabatha inxaxheba kwinqanaba lohlaselo kwenu kukusebenza Kiev zifake ikomkhulu Ukrainian ahlala yi kwiBolsheviks. Uhlaselo lwenziwa kwindawo umda ukusuka Olevsk ukuya Mozyr. Kulo msebenzi, izibonda inkxaso umkhosi 15000th ka noSimona Petlyury.

Aprili 28 woodland iqela imikhosi Polish yaba kumgca Vinnitsa - Kazatin - eChernobyl. Ngosuku olulandelayo yena wamatsha omnye iikhilomitha ezingama-90 yaye ekupheleni Kiev. Kuyo yonke le ndlela izibonda akazange nazo naziphi na ukuxhathisa. ESoviet umphathi-mkhosi Sergei Mezheninov amabutho akhe, ngenxa yokoyika ngxabano ngqo kunye utshaba afumana stroke.

Sikorski (Sikorski) Vladislav, kunye noogxa bakhe baya eKiev, May 8, 1920. Nangona kunjalo, le mpumelelo yaba okwethutyana. Kakade ngoMeyi 14, i-Red Army phantsi umyalelo 'yidemon kweMfazwe Civil "Mihaila Tuhachevskogo yaqalisa counteroffensive, ngenxa apho izibonda kwafuneka siphumele ngokungxama. NgoJuni 5, phambi kwaba eyaphukileyo. 12 Red Army wangena Kiev. Agasti 6 Group "Polesie" aye ohlulwa. Sikorski wathabatha umyalelo we-5 Army.

Warsaw operation

Tukhachevsky counter-kuhlaselwa kwanyanzeleka izibonda baleka. Army womkhosi wadlula idolophu entsha. Kule umlambo aba yinxalenye umthetho ngqo Sikorski Vladislav. Commander, Noko ke, akazange alitsale izandla waza walungiselela ukruthakruthwano esithatha kunye iiBolsheviks.

Okwangoku kakhulu xa igazi sele kummandla Warsaw, 5 Umkhosi wakhe wakumisa utshaba ukuya kwelingasentla apho komkhulu. amandla Tukhachevsky Kuyinto esolula kwaye babe sengozini lokuhlasela Poland. umkhosi Sikorski kaThixo babesebenzisa le ayaphula ezintlwini iiBolsheviks, ukuba wachukumiseka iikhilomitha eziliqela. Ubusuku izigqibo iwela ngo-Agasti 15 ukuba amncede eze kwisahlulo phantsi umyalelo Lyutsiana Zheligovskogo.

Le mpumelelo iye avunyelwe-Chief Yuzefu Pilsudskomu ukulungiselela ngcono kwi ezayo counter-kuhlaselwa, nto leyo lokuphelisa ePoland of the "isibetho ebomvu". igalelo Sikorski ukuba ahlangule ePoland omkhulu. Yena wawongwa umyalelo kakhulu nabazukileyo yesizwe emkhosini - "Kuba anobukroti yomkhosi". Ngo-Apreli 1921, yena wakhululana Pilsudski e-eyiNtloko yomkhosi kunye nentloko Staff Jikelele.

lenzolo

Xa kuqala of World Sikorski wangena kwezopolitiko. NgoDisemba 1922 - Meyi 1923. ukuba inkulumbuso kwaye ngaxeshanye wakhonza njengoMphathiswa of Internal Affairs. Urhulumente ekhokelwa Sikorski wakwazi ukufumana ukususela kwingqwalasela eliseNtshona kwimida emiselwe emva kokuphumelela imfazwe nxamnye USSR. Ku Poland lathathwa kummandla yasentshona Ukrainian kunye Belarusian.

Ukususela ngo-1928, Sikorsky wayehlala elubhacweni eFransi. Le lokuhamba ngenxa yokuba lo mgaqo-nkqubo yenye yezinto nabagxeki ezininzi nomculo lo ke urhulumente. Iminyaka emkhosini French ayizange nje - wangena Higher Military School. Ivuso Musani ukulahlekiswa Sikorski. Nokuthula eYurophu elifutshane ixesha elide.

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Xa Germany Hitler ngowe-1939, yahlasela iPoland, owayehlala ekuthinjweni Władysław Sikorski wazama ukufumana ukusuka iinkokheli yelizwe kuyo ngaphambili. La imizamo nto. Ngelo xesha eFransi waqalisa lokusekwa umkhosi Polish elubhacweni. Le nkqubo e Paris waza waba yintloko Sikorskiy Vladislav. Pole wenza konke okusemandleni de ilizwe lakhe ngokukhawuleza esondela ukoyiswa.

Kwisithuba senyanga emva kwemfazwe waqala Sikorski waba ngumlungiseleli inkulumbuso kurhulumente-in-ekuthinjweni. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, umkhosi 84000th Polish yadalwa eFransi. Xa Republic lweSithathu lahlaselwa amaJamani, amajoni Sikorsky wazama ukuyeka umhlaseli. Emva kokoyiswa France kunye norhulumente Polish, kunye yokutyiwa yomkhosi wakhe, abalekela eNgilani.

Xa Germany wahlasela waseUSSR, Sikorski waya kut- lobudlelwane bezozakuzo kunye eSoviet Union. Ukuzinza yonxulumano lwalulolwexeshana. Kungekudala amaJamani, ababehlala yinxalenye yommandla yiSoviet, kwakhululwa ulwazi malunga Katyn kubulawa. Iindaba yesiphithi ekhohlaleleyo amagosa NKVD kwabakhonkxiweyo Polish imfazwe yakhokelela kwenye ikhefu. Sikorski wazama ukucenga Churchill ukumisa intsebenziswano kunye USSR. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva koko, ngoJulayi 4, 1943, iNkulumbuso elubhacweni, kunye nentombi yakhe, yabulawa kwingozi-moya kufuphi Gibraltar. ukufa ngesiquphe yaba Isingqi lokugqibela kwi-nkqubo ebomini. Kanye njengokuba ukutshintsha ezele amagophe ezibukhali wonke bonke ubomi bakhe. Vladislav Sikorsky nokufa kwakhe zisabangela eninzi imbambano. Polak wangcwatyelwa eNgilani ebusweni Churchill. Uthuthu lweli hero lesizwe sakhutshelwa lakubo ngo-1993.