Aphorisms kunye neengcamango alumkileyo amadoda amakhulu

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa ujongene nokukhetha, okanye ufanele uthathe isigqibo esithile esibaluleke kakhulu, okanye awukwazi ukuqonda iimvakalelo zakho, izimo zengqondo malunga nale nto okanye loo nto, iinjongo ezizilumko zabantu abaninzi zinokukunceda. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba uyayiphulaphula ngokuthe ngqondweni ezi ngcebiso ongazifumana kuzo ezi nkcazo.

Ukufunda amazwi abalobi, izafilosofi, kunye neengqondi zenzeke ngento ethile, kulula ukuyiqonda kwaye iququzelele iingcamango. Mhlawumbi, ingcamango efanayo isele ifakwe entloko, kodwa ayikwazi ukuzaliseka ngokupheleleyo. Umfilosofi omkhulu waseFransi uMichel Montaigne, owaziwayo kwihlabathi njengombhali weqoqo ye-aphorisms, wathi "izazinzulu zingaba ngenxa yeengxowa zabanye, kodwa ezizilumko-kuphela ngobulumko babo." Sinokuziqonda njani ezi ngcinga? Mhlawumbi, ingongoma apha kukuba uthisha unokudlula kumava akhe kubafundi abaye bakwazi ukufunda le nto kwaye bafunde ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, abo kuphela abanobulumko babo baya kuba nako ukusebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenweyo ngokuchanekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela: iingcamango nezitatimenti zabantu abakhulu banokuyichukumisa umntu ngcamango ethile, kodwa indlela yokuyisebenzisa, inokuthi ivuselele ukuqonda, ukukwazi ukuhlalutya ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.

Iingcamango ezihlakaniphileyo kunye nama-aphorisms yabantu abaninzi-into efanayo?

Ngokomgaqo, ezi ngcamango zombini zifana nathi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungafani phakathi kwabo. Ziyintoni na? Okokuqala, i-aphorism iyincamango yokuqhelaniswa yokuqala, ithetha okanye irekhodwa kwifom yesicatshulwa esicatshulwayo esicatshulwayo esicatshulwayo (esicacile) abanye abantu abathanda ukuyisebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba banikezele ukukhanya kwabo ngentetho nokubaluleka okukhulu.

Iingcamango ezintle zabantu abaninzi abanalo ifom elifutshane. Ngamanye amaxesha ziquka izivakalisi eziliqela, apho bonke abantu abangasetyenziswanga ngokwahlukileyo. Abo banqwenela ukuyisebenzisa banokuzibuyisela ngamazwi abo, ke, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubunzulu beengcamango.

Kwimeko ye-aphorisms, oku akuvunyelwanga, kuba sibabiza njengeziqendu, bezama ukuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo ngokunokwenzeka, kufutshane namagama omlobi. Iingcamango ezinengqiqo eziqulethwe kwii aphorisms, maxa wambi kunzima ukuqonda okokuqala. Banikela ukutya okucingayo. Kukho amaxesha abantu abaninzi baqonda i-aphorism efanayo ngendlela yabo. Iba liba sisihlandlo seengxabano.

Kuyafana okufanayo malunga neengcinga ezizilumko. Ngendlela, kungekhona wonke umntu ovumelana nabo, ebonisa uluvo olwahlukileyo kwingcambu. Kodwa, njengoko bethetha, inyaniso izalwe kwimpikiswano, nokuba yinto engqubana nayo.

Ngelizwi, iingcamango kunye nama-aphorisms abantu abaninzi banokwamkelwa okanye abangavunyelwanga ngabanye, kodwa bachukumisa umntu ukuba acinge ngezinto ezininzi abangazange bakrokre.

Kutheni sifuna i-aphorisms?

Ezi zinyaniso, ngokuqinisekileyo, zicebisa ukuqonda kwethu, ngamanye amaxesha zivuselela ukuzithemba, zingasisindisa kwimeko yokuzihlalisa, zisishukumisele ukuba sisebenze ngokuzimela, njl njl. Iingcamango ezintle zabantu abakhulu banamava oonyana babantu abalungileyo. Ukuziqonda, sinokuphepha ukuzenza iimpazamo. Njengoko bathetha, sinokufunda kwezinye iimpazamo zabanye kunye nempumelelo.

I-Aphorisms ivule amehlo ethu kwimibandela emininzi ephakamisa ukungathandabuzekiyo, kunye nokukhululeka kwezinye iingcinga. Ngendlela, u-Stanislavsky omkhulu wabhala ukuba iingcamango zaziqala. Ngoko ke, xa sifunda iingcamango kunye namazwi abantu abaninzi, okokuqala siyazi kakuhle iimvakalelo zabo, kwaye oku, kholwa kwam, kukufanelekile. Ngendlela, uHerodotus uthetha ngezibonelelo zesifundo esinjalo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, "uluntu lunamazwi amahle, apho abanye kufuneka bafunde."

UHarun waseAghatsarsky ubhala ngabo: "I-aphorisms idibanimsi yobulumko." Iingcamango, ezigqityiweyo kumongo we-aphorism, zifezekisa kakhulu umphumo ngokuthe ngqo xa i-laconic kwaye iqulethwe ngamagama ambalwa kuphela kwaye ayiyizivakalisi ezibini okanye ezintathu. Oku kukucaca kweengxelo ezilumkileyo. Yileyibhile, inzulu, ngexesha elifanayo lifumaneka ngokubanzi. Musa ukuqonda intsingiselo, ephethwe ngamagama amabini okanye amathathu, akunakwenzeka.

Kuvela njani i-aphorismisi?

Kungekudala bekukho ukuthabatha ngokuqhelekileyo kwezi ngxelo ezilumkileyo. Abaninzi abakucongi ixesha labo kwaye bahlala besesha. Namhlanje, iingcinga kunye nezibalo zabantu abaninzi zifumaneka kwiindawo ezizodwa ezizodwa. Kutheni bafuna umntu ohlaziyo namhlanje? Kodwa okokuba: ukusetyenziswa kwakhona njengendawo yabo kwinethiwekhi yentlalo. Abanye abantu, bebeka ezi nkcazo, zama ukufikelela kumntu othile, ukuphawula okuthile okanye ngoncedo lwabo ukubonisa isimo somphefumlo wabo ngexesha elithile. Ngenxa yoko, abanye "abafilosofi" banamhlanje baqala ukuzakhela zabo iifririsms, ezihambelane neyona nyaniso. Ngokuqhelekileyo banenqaku lokugculela, ukucokisa, kunye namaxesha amnandi. Abantu abatsha, ngokuqinisekileyo, bafana nala ma-aphorisms amasha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufunda ngokucokisekileyo iingcamango eziziingqondi zabantu abaninzi, amazwi amnandi aya kufumaneka phakathi kwabo.

Ukucinga malunga ne-etymology ye-recent yezwi lesiRashiya igama elithi "lipholile", unokufumana ukufana kwalo negama elithi "caustic". Enyanisweni, kumxholo wamanje, bahluke omnye komnye, nangona babelana ngeengcambu ezifanayo. Igama elithi "lipholile" ngentsingiselo yalo lithe tyekele kwi-epithet "ehlekisayo", ngelixa "i-caustic" iqulethe okuthile.

Ngoko ke ziphi iingcamango eziziingqondi zabantu abaninzi? Amagama amnandi, awayeba ngama-aphorisms, ayenomdla omnye wendlela ebalaseleyo yamaRussia - Faina Ranevskaya. Mhlawumbi, eli bhinqa elibi libabiza ngokungenasisiseko, kodwa ukulufunda namhlanje kunzima ukukholelwa. Ukongezelela kwinqaku, sinika ingqalelo ezinye iingxelo ezingenakukhunjulwa.

Kwisihloko esithi "Iingcamango zabantu abaninzi" - imifanekiso ehlekisa nguFaina Ranevskaya

Wayekhunjulwa ezininzi ngokubukeka kwakhe okungaqhelekanga (nangona wayekude ubuhle), kunye nomdlalo oyingcali. Ngendlela, wayehlala ecasulwa ngumbuzo woluphi udidi oludlala kuyo. Kulo mdlali wachaza ukuba ungadlala i-poker okanye ibhilididi, kwaye kwisigaba esiphila kuso.

UFaina Ranevskaya waphuma phakathi kwemikhosi yamaSoviet ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yomfanekiso wakhe oqaqambileyo, okwenza italente, eyonaqobo kunye neyakheka kuphela kwisigxina sezwi kunye nendlela ekhethekileyo yokubonisa. Wayemthanda kwaye waxabisa ubomi.

Enye yeengxelo ezidumileyo zikaRanevskaya, ezaba yi-aphorism, ingcinga apho isimo sakhe sengqondo sibonakala. UFaina uthi ubomi bethu bufutshane kakhulu, ngoko ungayichitheli kubantu abanobukrakra, uhlambalaza kwaye uzinqabise ukuzonwabisa, uthathe ukutya.

Umdlali we-actress wathi kwakhona into eyanelisayo ebomini bethu - ingaba yingozi, okanye iyingozi, okanye inokubangela ukukhuluphala. Ukongezelela, i-aphorisms yeFaina Ranevskaya, njengengcinga ezininzi ezichukumisayo zabantu abaninzi, ziqulethe inxaxheba enkulu yokugculelwa, ukugxeka. Yena, ngoncedo lwabo, ubonakala efuna ukuveza ezinye zeendlela ezilawulayo kuluntu. Ngokomzekelo, umdlali we-actress wabhala malunga nezilumko: "Abanye abantu bafuna ukuza baze babuze ukuba kunzima ukuphila ngaphandle kobuchopho." Wathi ngomona: "Isono esisodwa esingenakuthethelelwa ngokuphathelele abamelwane siphumelele."

U-Ranevskaya unayo ezininzi aphorisms malunga nabasetyhini kunye namadoda kunye nolwalamano lwabo, kodwa ezinye zazo ziqulethe ukuhlambalaza, ngoko sinqanda ukubhala uluhlu kwinqaku.

Izihloko ezinomdla wokucinga

Yiyiphi imibuzo edlalwa rhoqo kwiindawo apho? Uthando, intsingiselo yobomi, ubudlelwane besini, ulonwabo, ubuhlobo, abantwana - ezi zihloko eziphambili ezibeka apho aphorisms.

Okubalulekileyo kukuba iingcinga zabantu abakhulu ngothando. Wonke umntu uthetha ngeemvakalelo ezinzulu: ezopolitiko, izazifilosofi, iingqondi, izibongo, ababhali, abaculi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iingcamango zabantu abaninzi malunga nothando, eziye zabonakaliswa ngeenkulungwane ezininzi nangaphezulu kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, kwiintlobo ezininzi zihluke kwizinto zanamhlanje. Umzekelo, umntu owaziwayo waseNdiya u-Mahatma Gandhi wabhala ukuba uthando, ngaphandle kokufuna into, uhlala unika, ulunzima, akalokothi alubonakalise ukubhikisha, kwaye akwazi ukuziphindisela. Kodwa isazi sefilosofi saseFransi uVoltaire sithandana nothando njengonamandla kunazo zonke izinto ezinqwenelekayo, kuba unako ukuqonda intloko kunye nentliziyo yakhe kunyekanye.

Aphorisms ngothando

Umbhali waseSoviet uMaxim Gorky unamaqela alumkileyo malunga neemvakalelo ezinzulu. Ngokomnye wabo, umntu akakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kothando, kwaye unikwe umphefumlo ngenxa yale nto. UGorky wayenokholo lokuba uthando kunye nomnqweno wokuphila zifana kunye, kwaye oko kuvela ekuthandweni komfazi kwindoda yonke inhle kakhulu izalwa.

Kodwa enye i-aphorism yanamhlanje, eyakhiwe ngumvelisi omkhulu waseBrazil uPaul Coelho: "Uthando alwamkeli iingxabano, bathanda ngenxa yokuba abanakho kodwa bathanda." Uyabhala kwelinye lamanoveli ukuba ngokubomi ubomi bakha abantu ngokuchanekileyo ukwenzela ukuba ekugqibeleni baqonde ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani kwaye kuyimfuneko kubo.

Kodwa inkcazo enhle kunazo zonke iimvakalelo ezibhekiselweyo zingatholakala kwizwi elihlakaniphileyo kwi-classic yaseRussia ebizwa ngokuthi nguVev Nikolaevich Tolstoy: "Uthando luyisipho esibalulekileyo." Nguye kuphela into onokuyenza, kwaye uya kuhlala nawe. "

Omnye udidi lweklasi, uFyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, wabhala ukuba ukuthanda kukuvuma nokubona umntu njengoko wayeyidalwa nguThixo.

Umbhali waseFrancis uJean Baptiste Moliere ukholelwa ukuba umntu ongayazi ebomini nothando, kwaye akazange aphile.

Ngolonwabo

Kutheni abantu behlala? Iyiphi injongo ephambili yobomi babo? Ngokuqinisekileyo ukufezekisa imeko yolonwabo. Ngaba akuyena wonke umntu ophuphayo ngalo? Nangona kunjalo, nganye unyango lonwabo luyakhe, olukhethekileyo.

Makhe sijonge kwiingcamango zabantu abaninzi ngokuzonwabisa. UMichel Montaigne wabhala ngaye: "Ulonwabo lufanele luthathwe ngenhlanhla, kunye nokubandezeleka - kwizifundo kunye nezilingo ebomini. Nangona kunjalo, abantu benza okuchaseneyo: basabela kwisonwabe njengento eqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuxhatshazwa-njengobulungisa obungakumbi kwizinto zobomi ". Uyabhala kwakhona ukuba ingxaki yethu kukuba sifuna ulonwabo kungekuphi apho, kodwa apho sifuna ukukufumana khona.

Ngokutsho kwesinye isazi-mfilosofi saseFransi, uFrançois Laroshfuko- "sihlushwa kakhulu ngumnqweno wokubonakala njengenhlanhla kunokuba sibe nolonwabo ngokwenene." Ngendlela, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ulonwabo lufumana yonke into ebomini, nangona kunjalo, njengoko amava abonisa, lowo ucinga ukuba, ufumana konke okubi kakhulu.

Intswana yaseTshayina uConfucius, mhlawumbi, yanikezela inkcazelo epheleleyo ngakumbi yolonwabo, leyo, ngokutsho kwakhe, inezigaba ezintathu: ulonwabo, uvuyo olukhulu, lonwabe ngokwenene. Eyokuqala xa kukho abantu abakuqondayo, okwesibini xa kukho umntu onithandayo, kodwa ulonwabo lokwenene, oko kukuthi, isinyathelo sesithathu, xa unako uthando. Ngoko ke, umntu onako ukuthanda uyonwabile kwaye udibene nomntu ofuna ukumthanda.

Ngo buhlobo

Uthi umntu ongenabohlobo, njengengwenya engenamaphiko, "kusho ubulumko basendulo. Ukuqhubela phambili kwinqaku, sibonisa ingcinga yabantu abaninzi malunga nobuhlobo.

UYise-Jacques Rousseau wabhala ngobudlelwane bakhe: "Xa unamathele, ukulungelelana akufuneki, kodwa ubuhlobo ngaphandle kwalokhu akunakwenzeka."

Umfilosofi wamaGrike waseSeneca, naye wabhala ukuba uvuyo aluyi kuphakamisa umntu kumphakamo onjalo kangangokuba akafuni abahlobo. Kodwa ilizwi elithi "umhlobo owaziwayo enkingeni" lingowomcingeli omkhulu kunye nomninimzi waseRoma uPeterronius. Ingcamango efanayo ifakwe nguDemocritus: "Umhlobo makaze kwiqela ngokumema, kunye nenhlekelele - ngaphandle kwekholi."

Umlobi wasePheresi uRufiy, owayehlala kwaye wayesebenza ngekhulu le-13, wacebisa ukuba athathe ubuhlobo kuphela kunye nobudenge, kuba isilumko sinokuba yingozi ngaphezu kwesitha. Umlobi waseRoma wasendulo uPublius wabhala: "Ukuba ubuhlobo buphela, ngoko ke, akunjalo."

Ezi ziingcinga ezilungileyo kakhulu ngabantu abakhulu malunga nobuhlobo, kwaye kubo, njengoko ubonayo, kukho inyaniso, nangona bavakaliswa iminyaka emininzi edlulileyo. Oku kubonisa ntoni? Ewe, malunga nento efanayo - ukuba inyaniso enye, kwaye ikhona ngaphandle kwexesha kunye neemeko. Ngale ndlela, uBhiliyardire waseMelika uPaul Getty wathi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela: "Ubuhlobo obungenabugovu buphela kuphela phakathi kwabantu abanomvuzo ofanayo."

Malunga nabantwana

Yintoni esiyathanda ukuthetha ngoku? Ewe, malunga nabantwana bethu. Phakathi kweengxelo ezahlukeneyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, umntu unokufumana iingcamango ezizilumko zabantu abaninzi ngabantwana. Nazi ezinye zazo: "Umntwana onenkani kunye nomntu onomdla uyiphumo lokuziphatha okungenangqiqo kamama." Le ngcamango ikwaJanush Korczak. Enyanisweni, ukuba unina wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuba akwazi ukunyanzela umntwana, uzalisekisa zonke izinto zakhe kwaye akabonakali iimpazamo, ngenxa yoko umntwana uya kukhula kwaye alahleke.

Kodwa uVasily Sukhomlinsky wayekholelwa ukuba umntwana uyisibuko sentsapho yakhe, kwaye ibonakalisa ukucoceka nokuziphatha kwabazali bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, into ephambili ekukhuliseni umntwana uluthando.

U-Pearl Buck wabhala ukuba abantwana abangathandwanga babeya kuba bengakwazi ukuvalelwa. Kwaye ngokuphambene: "Abantwana abaye baziva uthando olungenabugovu lwabazali babo baba ngabantu abonwabileyo."

UJean Jacques Rousseau wabhala: "Ukuba abantwana babulawa ebantwaneni, besingayi kubafumana abahlakaniphileyo." Ngendlela, nawuphi na umntwana ufanelwe ukukhuthazwa nokudumisa. Oku bekuyiyo umbono wempuma ye-Abdu'l-Bahá. Into efanayo yatsho nguMary Lam: "Umntwana udla indumiso nobisi."

Malunga nobomi

Kule nqaku siye saqwalasela i-aphorisms ezininzi, kunye neengcamango malunga nobomi babantu abakhulu. Ukongezelela, kukho imali enkulu yeengxelo malunga nenjongo yobukho bethu nendlela yokuziphatha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Umculi omkhulu uConfucius ukholelwa ukuba kufuneka uqaphele abantu abaphefumlela ngetyala, kuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, banqwenela amandla phezu kwakho. Kodwa uMfundisi uSilan Afonsky wabhala ukuba uThixo usithumelela abahlobo abaya kunceda baphilise kwiimpazamo zabo. Inokuba yinto yomntu onobubele, kunye nabantu abanobugcisa.

U-Irvin Yal ukholelwa ukuba ocebileyo ihlabathi langaphakathi labantu, ngaphantsi kwabo abalindele kwabanye.

Ngokomntu omkhulu u-Omar Khayyam, umzantsi umntu ngumphefumlo, ophakamileyo uyazama ukuphakamisa impumlo. Kutheni? Ewe, kuba uhlala elula impumlo apho engakhulelanga khona emoyeni.

UMahatma Gandhi ukholelwa ukuba abantu bahlobo lwemveliso eyenziwa phantsi kwengcinezelo yengcamango. Ezi zilandelayo ziyakwazi ukwenza izinto ezibonakalayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni umntu uba yinto acinga ngayo.

Umphathi omkhulu uNapoleon Bonaparte wayekholelwa ukuba phakathi kokukhulu kunye nokuhlekisayo kukunyathelo elinye kuphela, kwaye ukugweba zonke izenzo ezenziweyo ziya kuba nenzala. Ubomi buzele izifiso, kodwa umona kunye nokwesaba (ngokungafani nezinye izifiso) akunakuvuyisa. Le ngcamango ikwabelwana nguJohn Collins, kwaye eyi-100 ekhulwini.

Unokuthetha ngokuphila ngonaphakade. Wonke umntu unombono wakhe ngezinto ezininzi. Abanye banethemba kwaye bathambekele ekuboneni konke kwizinto ezilungileyo kuphela, abanye abakakholelwa bona okanye ubomi, kwaye wonke umntu uyaziqonda ngento engalunganga. Enyanisweni, yonke into isendleleni yobomi: ubunzima, inhlanhla, ukungaqondi, ulonwabo, ukunyaniseka, uthando kunye nenzondo.

Uthiwa uMichel Montaigne ukholelwa ukuba ukuba siyayithiya into ethile, ayinandaba nathi, kwaye siyayichukumisa. Kwaye uMadame de Stahl wambi wathi ubomi ngamanye amaxesha bufana nokukhubeka kwinqanawa, kwaye ukugqithwa kwayo kukudumo, uthando, ubuhlobo, njl.

Endaweni yokugqiba

Ngoko sajonga ezininzi iingcaphuno ezithakazelisayo kunye nama-aphorisms ayenokubonakaliswa ngabantu abakhulu. Emva kokuba ufunde ngokucophelela, unokuqala ukujonga izinto ezibalulekileyo ebomini ngokwahlukileyo, ubenolwazi oluncedo kubo, ufumane imiyalelo malunga nokuba uziphathe njani kwixesha elizayo, uze ukhohlwe ukungathandabuzeki malunga neengxaki ezingaxazululwa.