Ifilosofi uSeneca: i-biography

USeneca ungumfilosofi, isithethi esinetalente, esichazwe ngumntu onobubele, umlobi onomsebenzi ophantsi kokufundisisa. USeneca, Jr. (njengoko kwabizwa kwakhona) ngumlobi wee-aphorisms ezininzi kunye namazwi.

Seneca (ifilosofi) - biography

USeneca, isazi sefilosofi sasendulo, wazalwa eCordoba (eSpain) kwintsapho yamaRoma "umgadi wehashe" kunye nomdumi owaziwayo uLucus Annaeus Seneca. Imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwendodana yenziwa nguSeneca Sr., ophefumlele inkwenkwe ngemigaqo yokuziphatha eyintloko kwaye yaqwalasela ingqalelo ukuphuhliswa kobuchule. Inkalo enkulu ebomini yomntwana ishiywe ngumama nonina owamfaka inceba yefilosofi, eyagcina indlela yakhe yokuphila. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uyise akazange ahlanganyele neenqweno zenkwenkwe, kuba wayengenandaba nefilosofi.

Ukuhlala eRoma, izazi zefilosofi uSeneca, kwaye ngelo xesha nje uSececa, ongu-junior, wayezibandakanya ngenzondelelo kwi-rhetoric, igrama kunye nenyaniso yefilosofi. Ngomdla waphulaphula iintetho zePythagoreans Sextius kunye noBuchule, ukuxhalabisa kukaDemetriyo kunye no-Atticus. Utitshala wakhe nguPaprius Fabian, ohlonishwayo nguSeneca Sr ..

Ukuqala kwezopolitiko

Ulwazi olunzulu lwefilosofi nolwazi lweengxelo luvumela iSenek ukuba iqhube phambili ngempumelelo kwibala lezopolitiko. Ifilosofi yaseRoma uSeneca ekuqaleni kwemisebenzi yakhe yoluntu yasebenza njengegqwetha, kamva, ngoncedo luka-anti wakhe, owatshata nomlawuli waseGibhithe ongumthonyama u-Vitrasia Pollio, wathola i-questura eyamzisa isihloko senene.

Ukuba kungekhona kwesi sifo, ngoko ke, mhlawumbi, ifilosofi yaseRoma esizayo uSeneca, elandela umzekelo kayise, yayiza kuba ngumbhali. Nangona kunjalo, isifo esibuhlungu esiye sambetha phantsi ekuqaleni komsebenzi we-stateman, sabangela indlela eyahlukileyo. Ukugula kwakubuhlungu kwaye bubuhlungu kangangokuthi wazisa uSeneca kwiingcamango zokuzibulala, leyo leyo, ngenhlanhla, yahlala neengcamango zakhe.

Kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo isazi sefilosofi uSeneca wasebenzisa eYiputa, apho waphathwe khona kwaye wabhalwa ngokubhalwa kwendalo yesayensi. Ubomi eYiputa, kude nenduduzo, kunye neengcinga zefilosofi, wamfundisa ukuba aphile ubomi obulula. Kwase kwithuba elithile wayenqaba ukutya inyama, kodwa kamva wabuya kwimimiselo yendalo.

Imisebenzi kwi-Senate

Emva kokubuya kwakhe, isazi sefilosofi uSeneca ungena kwi-senate, apho ngokukhawuleza uyinqoba inkazimulo yesithethi esinet talente, ekhuthaza umdla womona waseRoma, uCaligula. Isifilosofi saseRoma uSeneca wayethetha ngenkuthalo kwaye ngokucacileyo, wayenesipho esinomdla esilungileyo kwaye esenokubangela ukuba bamphulaphule ngokulula, ababenokumphulaphula ngokuphefumula. UCaligula (bona isithombe esasentla), ongenakuziqhayisa nge talente elinjalo, wafumana inzondo enamandla kwifilosofi. Ukuba nomona noCaligula onomona ngazo zonke iindlela zanciphisa i talente yeSeneca, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ayithinteli ukuba kuphuculwe impumelelo kunye nabemi.

Indlela yokuphila yeSeneca yayingagqiba kunyaka wama-39, kuba uCaligula wayehlose ukususa isithethi esilumkileyo, kodwa enye yamantombazana enkundla yamxelela umbusi ukuba uSececa, obandezeleka ngesifo sofuba, akayi kuhlala ixesha elide.

Ngexesha elifanayo, uSeneca watshata, kodwa umtshato owawuzondeza oonyana ababini, ukugweba ngamazwi awayebhaliweyo kwimibhalo yakhe, ayiphumelelanga.

Qhagamshelana neCorsica

Ekuqaleni kokulawula kukaKlawudiyo, intshaba engapheliyo kwaye ingalindelekanga yesafilosofi yayingumfazi ka-Emperor Messalina, owazonda uJulia Lillila (umntakwaKlaudius) waza watshutshisa uSeneca ngenxaso eyanikwa abaxhasi baodadewabo baseCaligula abalwa noTsalina ukuba bathinte umlawuli. Ukukhangela kwe-Messalina kwakhokelela ifilosofi kwi-dock, apho yabonakala khona phambi kwe-senate njengommangalelwa (ngokukodwa kwinguqulelo eyodwa) kwintsebenziswano kunye noJulia. Ukuncenga kukaKlawudiyo kwasindisa ubomi bakhe, isigwebo sokufa satshintshwa ngokubhekiselele kwisiqithi saseCorsica, apho uSeneca - isazi sefilosofi somRoma wasendulo - wahlala malunga neminyaka eyi-8.

Ingxelo yanikwa kuye nzima kakhulu, kwanokucinga ukuba unokunikela ixesha elide kwiingcinga zefilosofi nokubhala. Oku kubonakaliswa ukubethekisa abantu abanempembelelo kwintendelezo yenkundla, apho wacela ukuba atyekise isigwebo aze ambuyisele ezweni lakubo. Nangona kunjalo, wayengabuyela eRoma kuphela emva kokufa kukaM messalina.

Buyela kumgaqo-nkqubo

Ndiyabulela kwimigudu ka-Agrippina, umfazi omtsha kaKumkani uClaudius, uSeneca wabuyela eRoma waza wangena kwizopolitiki. I-Impress yabona kuye isixhobo esamenza ukuba azalise izicwangciso zakhe zobungqina. Ngenxa yokunyamekela kwakhe, isazi sefilosofi uSeneca sasiya kwi-prefecture waza waba ngumfundisi weNero, unyana wakhe omncinane. Ngelo xesha kunokuqwalaselwa ukuphakama kwamandla akhe, ayenayo emva kokufa komntu oncedayo njengomnye wabacebisi bakaNero, owamnika uthisha ngeembeko kunye nentembelo ephezulu.

Intetho yomngcwabo, eyathethwa nguNero osemncinci ekukhunjuleni kweKlaudius ekugqibeleni, ingowona ipeni. Emva koko, uSeneca wabhalela intetho yomlawuli kuzo zonke izihlandlo, elalizixabisa kakhulu. Umtshato kunye noPompeii Paulina akukwenzanga nje ukunyusa ubutyebi bakhe kunye nempembelelo eyomeleleyo, kodwa kwazisa naye uvuyo.

IBhodi yeNero

Ukuqala kokulawula kukaNero kwakudolo ngoSeneca, ecinga ukuba ngelo xesha wayenomdla wokuhlala ethembela kumlawuli, owamphulaphula iingcebiso zakhe. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuba ubukhulu bukaNero, oboniswa nguye kwiminyaka yokuqala yokulawula, luyimfuneko yeSeneca. Ifilosofi esaziwayo yamgcina ebudeni kunye nezinye iimbonakalo zengqondo, nangona kunjalo, ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa yimpembelelo kumlawuli, wakhuthaza ukukhwabanisa.

Ngomnyaka wamashumi amahlanu anesixhenxe, uSeneca wanikezelwa iposi le-consul. Ngaloo xesha, imeko yakhe yayifikile kwi-sterces million yezigidi. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uNero wanyanzelisa uSeneca ukuba athathe inxaxheba ekubulaweni kukaAgrippina. Ukufa kwakhe kwahlula ulwalamano phakathi komlawuli kunye nefilosofi, ongenakukwazi ukuzidibanisa nelokuba wayephoqelelwe ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwisenzo esinjalo esingenakuhlambulukanga nesingaqhelekanga. Kamva ifilosofi yabhala inkulumo yenkohliso yeNero, iyalungisa olu lwaphulo-mthetho.

Ulwalamano kunye nomlawuli luya kuhlahloka. Uphando lwabalandeli abathintela kumlawuli wengozi yokugxininisa ubutyebi obukhulu ezandleni zomntu oyedwa kunye nokwenza umdla kaNero kwimeko yokuhlonipha abantu baseSeneke yaholela kwimiphumo ebuhlungu: umcebisi wokuqala wahlaselwa yintloni kwaye, ngenxa yempilweni engafanelekanga, waphuma enkundleni, wayishiya yonke imeko kuNero. Kamva, esaba ukhathalelo oluqhubela phambili lokumkani, owamgatya isicelo sokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwiindawo ezifihliweyo, wazivala egumbini, etshela isigulane.

Ukufa kweSeneca

Iqhinga likaPiso, owayenqwenela ukunqanda uNeron wobomi, wadlala indima enkulu kwixesha lomfilosofi. Izigwenxa zityholwa u-Seneca wokuthatha inxaxheba kwenzelenqe, ebonisa umbusi ngenqaku elingamanga elimqinisekisileyo lokungcatsha komfundisi osele. Kwiimyalelo zikaMlawuli uSeneca, wavula imithi yakhe waza wagqiba iintsuku zakhe ezizungezwe yintsapho yakhe, abahlobo kunye nabaxhamli be talente.

Ifilosofi uSeneca wadlula ngaphandle kokulila kunye noyika, njengoko wayeshumayela kwimfundiso yakhe. Umfazi wayefuna ukulandela umyeni wakhe, kodwa umbusi wayembulala.

Seneca - isithethi

USeneca wahlala ekhunjweni lwabahlobo kunye nabanomdla njengomntu osisindisayo, umntu onolwazi olunzulu, ocingayo kunye nefilosofi, ingqiqo yeengqiqo, umloli ocebileyo kunye nomntu onobuchule oxoxisana naye. USeneca wayezi kakuhle kakuhle ilizwi, wayenolwazi olukhulu, kangangokuthi intetho yakhe yahamba kakuhle kwaye ihamba kakuhle, ingenayo i-pathos eyimfuneko kunye nefuthe, izisa umnxibelelwano okanye umphulaphuli oko ifilosofi yayifuna ukuyixelela. Ukufutshane kunye nokubonakalisa, ubungqina obungapheliyo kunye neengcamango ezicebileyo, ukuphakama okungenakulinganiswa kwemboniso - yilokho eyayichaza kwezinye izithethi.

Umsebenzi weencwadi

Udumo lukaSenec njengoko umbhali usekelwe kwimisebenzi yeprose, apho echaza khona iingcamango zakhe, esebenza njengefilosofi, umbhali kunye nokuziphatha. Ukuba ngumlindi owaziwayo kunye nohlobo oluhle kakhulu, nangona luhlobo oluhle kakhulu, wayebhekisiwe njengomfanekiso wokuqala wombhali welo xesha waza wafumana abaxelisa abaninzi. Imisebenzi yakhe yokubhala yayigxekwa ngabalandeli bakaCicero kunye nabachasti, kodwa imisebenzi yeSeneca yaxabiswa kwaye yafundiswa kwi-Middle Ages.

Umbono wefilosofi kaSececa

U-Seneca wabhekisela kwiStoiki, ngoko ke, ngokweengcali zenzululwazi, imbono yakhe yefilosofi isondele ekungcoleni. Okukuqala kuboniswa konke ukunyamezela apho aphethe khona ubuthathaka kunye nezibi zabantu. I-Stoicism yeSeneca yathetha inkululeko yangaphakathi yomntu, ukuzithoba kwintando kunye nokubuthathaka komntu, ukuyeka ukuzithoba kwintando kaThixo. Ifilosofi ikholelwa ukuba umzimba - nje umgodla, apho umphefumlo uphupha inkululeko kwaye ufumana ubomi boqobo, uyishiye.

USeneca wabonisa imbono yakhe yefilosofi ngendlela yeentshumayelo. Kwilifa loluntu kwakukho i-diatribes ezilishumi elinambini (iincwadana ezincinci), amaphecana amathathu amaninzi, iipigram ezininzi, iintlekele ezithoba, ezisekelwe kwizifundo zengqungquthela kunye nephephancwadi yezopolitiko eyazinikela ekufeni kukaMlawuli uClaudius. Kuze kube ngoku, ukutsalwa kweentetho ezibhalwa uNero ziye zahla.