Ulwazi kwifilosofi-ukuba bafunde i-epistemology ne-epistemology

Unqwenela malunga nento esikusijikelezayo, uzama ukuqonda indlela indalo isebenza ngayo, kunye nomnqweno wokungena kwihlabathi elingaziwa kwelinye ihlabathi, kuye kube yinto engumqondiso wengqondo yomntu. Xa abantu bevakalelwa, beva okanye bajonga oko kwenzeka kwabanye, bayayifumana kwaye bayayinisa, befuna ukuba baqonde kakuhle imeko, kodwa nokuba banokukwazi ukuyiqonda inyaniso. Ukuqonda kwifilosofi ngenye yeyona nto ibalulekileyo umdla, kuba ifilosofi izama ukulinganisa nokucacisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezenzeka kwindawo yengqondo yomntu kunye nenjongo yokufumana ulwazi.

Inkqubo yokwazisa iyinkimbinkimbi kunokuba nje ukuqokelela ulwazi - lubuchule, inkcubeko kunye noluntu; Akubandakanyi nje kuphela ngendlela engqiqweni, kodwa enembile nangokwenyama yokucinga. Yingakho ukuqonda kwifilosofi yingxaki ekhethekileyo ejongene nesigaba esikhethekileyo se-theory esibizwa ngokuba yi-epistemology okanye i-epistemology. Ukuqala kweepistemology njengecandelo elikhethekileyo lefilosofi labekwe nguScotsman Ferrier ngekhulu le-19. Esi sifundo sefilosofi sifunda zombini iindlela kunye nemigaqo yokufumana ulwazi, kwaye indlela yokwazi, yintoni ehambelana nayo nehlabathi lenene, nokuba ingaba imida, kwaye yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwalaziwa nalabaziyo. Kukho iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zolwazi ezigxekayo kwaye zinikeza iingcamango ezininzi malunga nokuba luhlobo luni lwazi luyinyani kwaye luyinyani, zintoni iintlobo zalo kunye nokuba kutheni ngokubanzi sikwazi ukwazi umhlaba kunye nathi.

Ngamafutshane, izafilosofi zasendle zixhala ngokuqonda ukuba kutheni ulwazi lukhona; Sinokukwazi njani ukuba oku kulwazi oluchanekileyo elinobunyani kunye nenyaniso, kungekhona isigwebo esingekho sikweni (okanye imbono) okanye ukukhohlisa; Indlela olu lwazi lwenzeka ngayo, kwaye ziziphi iindlela zokuqonda. Kwifilosofi, kuyo yonke imbali yayo, umbuzo wohlobo luni lolwazi olufumene intsingiselo ebantwini nakwintuntu luyinto enzima kakhulu, luzisa uvuyo okanye intlungu. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, ebomini bemihla yamandulo, ukufumana ulwazi olutsha lufumene ukubaluleka kokubaluleka kangangokuthi isona sigaba sophuhliso lwalo luluntu ngokuqhelekileyo sithiwa ulwazi, ngokukodwa kuba yindawo yolwazi edibanisa ubuntu.

Ukuqonda kwifilosofi kubonakala njengenkqubo enentlalo, ixabiso lentlobo. Imbali isitshela ukuba abantu babelungele ukufumana ulwazi olutsha nje kuphela, kodwa nokuzikhusela, nangona bekuninzi ukuba kufuneka bahlawule ubomi babo, inkululeko, ukwahlukana kwiintsapho zabo ngenxa yokukholelwa kwabo. Ekubeni le yinkqubo, iyafana neminye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngefilosofi kwaye njengaye, ihambelana nezidingo (inqwenela ukuyiqonda, ukuyichaza), iinjongo (ezisebenzayo okanye ezona zengqondo), iinjongo (ukufumana ulwazi, ukuqonda inyaniso), kuthetha (Ezifana nokubonwa, uhlalutyo, uvavanyo, ingcamango, intuition, njalonjalo) kunye neziphumo.

Enye yeengxaki eziphambili, ezinomdla kwiingcamango zefilosofi, yindlela ukuqonda ngayo kuqhubeka. Ifilosofi ekuqaleni yayisungula ukuba uhlobo lokuqala lolwazi lwalukhohlakeleyo, ulwazi oluqhelekileyo, okwedlula ixesha, kwinkqubo yophuhliso lweenkcubeko, lwafezekiswa, okwenza ukuba kuvele imigaqo-siseko yemfundiso yolwazi kunye nesicatshulwa. Ngexesha elifanayo, ifilosofi iyahlula phakathi kwemigaqo kunye neendlela zokwazisa ngefilosofi kunye nokufunda ulwazi oluthile lwesayensi (ifilosofi yesayensi).

Abafilosofi bacinga nangendima eyaziwayo yinkcazo yokuqwalasela kwinkqubo yokuqonda. Ulwazi kwifilosofi akusiyo kuphela isifundo sezinto kunye neenkqubo ezijikeleze umntu okanye zenzeke kuye ngokuzimela kuye, kodwa nobomi bakhe bokomoya. Ukwazi, umntu akaqapheli nje ukuba ufunda into yangaphandle, kodwa kwakhona ukuba lo mfundo uphumelela kuye. Ukongezelela, ngokukodwa kwintsimi yolwazi oluntu, imeko yesazi, ixabiso kunye neenkolelo zakhe zinokuchaphazela iziphumo zokuqonda. Ukuvavanya le ngxaki enzima, izafilosofi ezivela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zafikelela kwizigqibo ezichasene ngokupheleleyo. Ngokomzekelo, abavoti bahlaselayo ngolwazi olwenziwa ngabantu ngenxa yokungabi nalutho, kunye nabameli beengcali zefilosofi, ngokuchaseneyo, babecinga ukuba ukuzithoba kukuba yinto ekhethekileyo yolwazi oluntu, olusondeleyo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngoko ngokwenyaniso.