Indwendwe yaseBorovsk. UBawo Vlasius yindlu yeendwendwe zaseBorovsk. Umdala weendwendwe zaseBorovsk

Imbali yeendwendwe zikaPafnutiev Borovsky, kwakunye nexesha lomsunguli walo, zibonakalisa iziganeko ezimangalisayo. Zikhankanywe kwiingxelo zomhlaba waseRussia. Isikhumbuzo kwisiqhamo selizwe kunye nendawo yokomoya yiNdlu yoKuzalwa kukaMama onguThixo ongcono kunye noPafnutia omsebenzi omkhulu.

Isigaba sokuqala sophuhliso lokomoya lomsunguli weendwendwe

Ibhantshi yase-Borovsk ibizwa ngokuba nguMonk Paphnutia, owazalelwa kwidolophana yaseDininovo (malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-4 ukusuka kwidolophu yaseBorovsk) kwintsapho eyaziwayo ngokuhlonela uThixo. Ngethuba lokubhaptizwa, ummangaliso wanikwa igama likaCarthenius. Wayenomkhulu omkhulu, owathi, ngokwezithethe zamandulo, wayeyiTatar baskak, eyamkela ukholo lobuOthodoki. Xa uPafeniya wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala, wangena kwiNdlunkulu yasePurkey-Pokrovsky eBorovsky, apho waxhaswa khona waza wanikwa igama elitsha-uPaphnuty. U-abbot, ebona isifiso esisuka kumfana, wammisela umcebisi-indoda endala uNikita, owayeneminyaka elishumi elinesithoba engumlawuli weNdlunkulu yaseVysotsky Serpukhov waza waya kubafundi baseSt. Sergius waseRadonezh.

Ubomi bongcwele

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini yobomi obungokomoya obuphezulu, uPaphnutius uye wakhula ngokomoya kwinqanaba "indoda efundileyo". UMasipala waseMetro Photius, owayengamele onke amaorhulumente aseOrthodox eRashiya, wamhlonela ngokuhlonipha ukuba yi-hegum ye-monasteri. Ngowe-1444 umonki washiya i-monasteri yasePokrovsky ngoThixo. Akahlali kude, kwindawo engafaniyo, apho umlambo i-Isterma ugelela khona kwiProvava, iindawo ezintathu ezivela eBorovsk. Kungekudala kwadalwa i-monastery. Kamva, iBandla loKuzalwa kweNtombikazi lakhiwa, eyakhiwa kwi-Metropolitan Yona.

Ukuzikhanyela ngokuzithandela uPapuutia ebomini behlabathi kwakungekho bubi kakhulu, kodwa wagqogqa yonke into eyenziwa yinkonzo, imithetho, imigaqo. Ukuba ngumgcini weemigodi, akazange aqonde i-Metropolitan Jonah, ekubeni wakhethwa, kodwa engavunywanga nguPatriciary waseConstantinople, owayemi ngaphezu kweentlanga zonke zaseRashiya.

Izenzo ezingcwele zePathonium

Umhla wesiseko seendwendwe zaseBorovsk ngo-1444. UPahnus wambiza ukuba unguMama kaThixo ococekileyo. Kwintsimi ekhethiweyo uyingcwele wenza umsebenzi wakhe iminyaka engaphezu kwemashumi amathathu. Wawungcwalisa iindwendwe ngemithandazo yakhe nangomsebenzi wakhe, waqokelela kuye ubuzalwana waza wanyusa bonke abantu ngokuthobela noloyiko phambi koThixo.

Emva kokufumana uPaphnuti kwisaziso seNkosi sokufa kwakhe kusondele, wachitha ixesha eliseleyo kwimithandazo engapheli nokuzila ukutya, efundisa abafundi. UMonk wabeka ithemba lakhe emphefumlweni wakhe nakwindlu yezindwendwe zakhe eziphathiswe nguThixo kunye noMama wakhe Owonwabileyo. Wayephila, ekholisa iNkosi ngobomi bokuxhamla, iminyaka engama-82 ubudala. Ngeli xesha, uPapuutius wabutha abazalwana abangamashumi asithoba anesihlanu.

Ukuhlonela oyingcwele ebomini

Ngokubhekiselele kumanyano, uMonk Paphnuti wayenomda. Wenqaba ukwamukela izipho kunye neeleta ezivela kwiinkwenkwe kunye neenkosana. Nangona ama-orthodox angama-Orthodox avulelwa eRashiya ngamanani amaninzi, kwakuyi-monasteri yePapuutia eyayinomdla ophezulu. Wayehlonishwa kakhulu ngamanye iinkosana ezinkulu, ezavusa i-monk kwisikhundla sesanta. U-Ivan u-Terrible ngokwakhe kuthiwa wazalwa ngenxa yemithandazo yomdala wePapuutius. U kumkani wabiza igama lakhe phakathi kwabangcwele abangcwele, abagcinwa ngabo bonke abesendlwini beendwendwe eMoscow (nabo babeyiCyril Belozersky kunye noSergius waseRadonezh).

Iminyaka eyi-18, uMonk Paphnutia wafumana imfundo ye-ion Iosif Volotsky. Emva koko, waba yinto enkulu ebandleni. UJoseph waya ekhosini lase-Borovsk emva kokuphumla kwePapuuti ngo-1477.

Iimvumi kunye nabalandeli besanta

Indlebe yePapuutia yile:

1. UJoseph Vassian Sanin, owaba ngumlobi wenkcazo yobomi bukaMfundisi.

2. UMonk David, owasungula iNtaba yase-Ascension.

3. Utata ka-Ivan osikrakra.

4. UMonk Daniel, owasungula iMonastery yeZiqu zintathu kwintsimi yasePereyaslavl-Zalessky.

UPapuuti wavuma ukuhlanganiswa phantsi kolawulo lweenkokheli zaseMoscow, ngoko ke wayexhaswa yiintloko zobukhosi bobukhosi. Ngo-1467, iindwendwe zaseBorovsk zazaliswa ngedolophu yamatye ebizwa emva kokuzalwa kukaMariya. Ukuhlobisa kwakumenywa ngumculi wezithonjana owaziwayo uMitrofaniy. Umcebisi omkhulu kunye nomculi waba nempembelelo enkulu ekwakheni isithethe esikhethekileyo sesandla kwi-monasteri. Phakathi kwabo babecinga kakhulu, yayinguSt. Macarius. Ungumntu omdala ohloniphekileyo wePapuutius. Kamva uMakarii wayeya kwiCawa yaseOrthodox yaseRashiya (ukususela ngo-1542 ukuya ku-1563).

Ukuhlonela uPapuuti emva kokufa

Umdala weendwendwe zee-borovsky wanikela umphefumlo wakhe ezandleni zikaThixo ngoMeyi 1 (ngokutsho kwendlela yokudala yekhalenda) ngo-1477, ngokuhlwa, ngeyure enye ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga.

INkosi yadala ngomkhonzi wayo imimangaliso emininzi, ishiya kwizizukulwana ezalandelayo umzekelo wobomi obumnandi. Mayelana nePafnutii imemori engcwele ihleli kude kube namhlanje. Ngokuthanda kukaThixo ukuhlala kwakhe kwakusindiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ekubhujisweni. Ngeli xesha, iNkosi iyayityhila ingcwele njengencwadi yomthandazo kunye nombingeleli kubo bonke abantu abaza kuye ngothando nangokholo.

Ukuqala kwimbali enkulu yeendwendwe

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, iPafnutiev (Borovsky) iiteresi yaba yinto ecebileyo neyona edume kakhulu eRussia. Kwakukho ngo-1513, ehlobo, ngaphambi kokuba uphume waya kwicala laseSmolensk, imikhosi ebalulekileyo yomkhosi wombuso, eyayiqhutywa nguVasily weThathu, yayeka. Iimonasteri zedolophu yaseKaluga ngelo xesha zazingakhuselekanga ngokwaneleyo ekuhlaselweni kwabachasi. Kodwa oku kwatshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Sekuncineni kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, i-monasteri yaseBorovsk yayingqonge iindonga zamatye kwaye zixhotywe ngeenqaba. Wayephethe isikhundla esicwangcisekileyo seendlela ezisemzantsi-ntshona eMoscow. Iindonga kunye neendonga zahlupheka kakhulu ngexesha leengxaki ezinkulu, kodwa zabuyiselwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo ngokuzalwa kwaKashin Shaturin Trofim, owayengumyili wezitena kunye nenkosi yakhe yokwenene.

Ukwakhiwa kweendwendwe

Kwindlu yezindwendwe ngo-1511 ibandla leKuzalwa kukaKristu lwakhiwe. Kwakhona wakha umxhasi ophezulu. Ekupheleni kwekhulu elifanayo, iThempeli likaKethedral lakhiwa kwakhona. Waba ngenye yezona zigqibeleleyo ngelo xesha. Iintsika ezihlanu, ezinezintsika ezine, i-monasteri yaseBorovsk yayinezo zakhiwo apho iindawo ezibonakalayo zeCathedral Cathedral, inxalenye yeMoscow Kremlin, yacaca ngokucacileyo. Ngowe-1651, wayedwe ngeefrescoes, kwaye ngo-1651 wakha isahlulo esenyakatho esabizwa ngoSt. Great Martyr Irina. Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokwakhiwa kwetemathrasi ngokwayo kwaphazamiseka kwikhulu leshumi elinesibhozo ngokuguqulwa kwendlu kunye nokudalwa kwendawo.

Ukulahleka Okukhulu

Xa ubuxoki boDmitry II beza eBorovsk ngoJulayi 1610, ababizwe ngabantu baseTushinsky isela, imikhosi yakhe yayingenamandla okwaneleyo kunye nethuba lokuthatha inqaba-yamatye. Kwaye kwenzeka kuphela xa i-traitor-traitor ivula amasango ngokwawo. Imfazwe engalinganiyo yenzeka kwiindwendwe. Amandla amawaka emikhosi abulawe ngabo bonke abahlali basekhaya ababethelele kwi-monastery, nabazalwana. INkosana Volkonsky uMichael, owayephethe ukukhusela, wabulawa empini ecaweni yaseCathhedral. Ii-Archimandrites Nikon (abbot of monast) kunye noJoseph, owayengumkhuseli weZiqu-zintathu-iSergius Monastery, naye wafa. Amajoni ahlaselayo abambe ubuncwane bonke. Ngelo xesha, iincwadi zokuncoma kunye namaxwebhu eendwendwe zatshiswa ngomlilo. Kwakukuqonda ukuhlonishwa kwenkumbulo yePrince Volkonsky kwaye malunga nale nkuselo yokuba iBorovsk yayineengubo zayo. Ibonisa uphawu lokuthembeka - intliziyo enomnqamlezo kwisakhelo se-laurel wreath.

Imifuno emva kwexesha elibuhlungu

Emva kokuchitheka kwePafnutiev, i-monasteri yayingabuyiselwa kuphela, kodwa nayo yasinda kwixesha elizayo. Kwenzeke ngekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe. Ngaloo xesha, kwakhiwa isakhiwo sokwakhiwa kweendwendwe, okwakungaphendulanga kwada kwada kwangoku. Iindwendwe zakhe ekhulwini le-19 zachaza ukuba wayezilungele kakuhle, waziva ekhethekileyo ukuzola, ukuthula nokuthula. Ngekhulu le-17 nele-19, i-monastery yasePafnutiev (iBorovsky) yayidume ngenxa yeefrescoes zayo ezinqabileyo kunye neemifanekiso, ezizityebi kwilayibrari kunye ne-sacristy. Kwindlu yeendwendwe ngo-1744 babingelwa ngabantu abangama-11,000. Kuze kube namhlanje, amagama ohlaselo olulandelayo lwaloo nto awazange afinyelele. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusekelwe kwimoya yomoya kwindlu yeendwendwe, indlela yokuphila kwayo ezolileyo idluliselwe ngayo, umntu unokuqonda indlela elinganiselwe ngayo kunye nokuzola kwimisebenzi yokuthobela kunye neenkonzo zokuzimela ubomi babo.

I ntolongo

Ngo-1666-1667 entolongweni yase-Borovsk iiteresi zaziqulethe i-Avchum. Emva koko wabanjwa entolongweni yasePustozerye. Kwakhona ekugcinweni kwintolongo yeentendelezo, ngokwemiqathango yomlawuli, yayingumfana weMoroar, oye waqhubeka ekhankanya. Ukongezelela, intolongo yayine-udadewabo u-Urusova kunye nomfazi womgcini we-archer uDanilov. La maxhoba enkohliso yeengcaphephe ekwindla ka-1675 apha kwaye wafa yindlala.

Utshintsho

I-monastery iphumelele nangemva kwayo yonke intshabalalo. Oku akunakukuthintela ukuhlaselwa kathathu komkhosi waseNapoleon ngo-1812. Njengokuba ngo-1610, i-monastery yomntu yaphangwa (isithombe se-monastery sasePafnutia ungayibona kwinqaku) kwaye watshisa ithala leencwadi. Kodwa intshabalalo enkulu yayingaphambili. Ngowe-1932 iindwendwe zavalwa. Kwintsimi yayo yabekwa i-museum. Kamva i-monasteri yaguqulwa yaba yikoloni yabasebenzi. Emva koko wayexhotyiselwe kwisikolo sokunxibelelanisa, apho waqeqeshwa khona kwezolimo. I-necropolis yama-monastic yachithwa, kwaye kwindawo yayo ngo-1935 isakhiwo sesikolo sasakhiwa.

Ukubuyiselwa kweendwendwe kwakungenakukhusela nantoni na. Kwaye iSaint Paphnutius yaba negalelo kule nto. Ngobusuku be-Meyi 13 ukuya kuMeyi 14, 1954, ngomhla wokukhumbula uMonk, idonga eliphambili leCatihedral yokuzalwa kukaNtshonalanga yawa. Ingcali eyayimile kwibandla yesikolo yachithwa. Umsebenzi wokubuyisela waqala ngowe-1960.

Ukuseka ngokomoya

Isikolo sobuchwephesha bezolimo sisuswe kwintsimi yeendlunkulu zaseBorovsk ngo-1991. Ehlotyeni konyaka ofanayo, abemi bokuqala baqala ukuza kuso. Isimboli kwakubekwa kuqeshwe ngumbuso wokuqala we-monastery abbot yaseNikon (kwilizwe leKhuakoakov). Wayeyindodana yokomoya ye-Archimandrite Ambrose. Oko, ke, ngowokugqibela owahlala ebudlelwaneni bobukhosini, obukho ngaphambi kokuba kuvaliwe. Ngoko ukulandelana ngokomoya kwagcinwa. Icawa yoMprofeti oyiNgcwele uEliya, apho inxalenye yeempahla zeMonk Paphnutius yafakwa khona, yahlanjululwa ngo-1991, ngomhla weshumi elinesithathu ka-Epreli. Yayiswa nguMasipala waseBorovsk kunye noKaluga Clement kwiNdlunkulu yaseSpkov-Pechersky, apho bekugcinwe khona ngaphambili.

Ehlotyeni ka-1994, i-cathedral yagqitywa ngokusetyenzwa kweenkonzo ezenziwa ngumkhosi. Yakha i-iconostasis, ehlanganiswe ngamathathu amathathu, kwaye yakha isahlulo ngokuhlonipha iPapuutia. Iibheli zafakwa ngo-1996.

I-magnetism engcwele yeendwendwe

Ngowe-1994, iintlokontyambo ezimbini zasiwela iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu anamashumi amahlanu ukusuka ekuqalweni kweendwendwe kunye namakhulu mathandathu ukusuka ekuzalweni kweMonk Paphnutius. Ngeli thuba, i-Monastery yaseBorovsky ya tyelelwa ngu-Alexy Okwesibini - inzalamizi yaseMoscow kunye neRashiya. Wenza umendo kunye nokunqula.

Indawo yeendwendwe zamandulo, eyasungulwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu nguPafnuti Borowski, isacacile kwaye ithule kuze kube namhlanje. Ukususela ekuqaleni kweendwendwe, iyakhanga, njengemethinethi, abahambahambayo bevela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseRashiya nakwamanye amazwe (abasondeleyo nakude) ba tyelela iindwendwe zokuphumla kwiimithwalo zemihla ngemihla. Baya kuphumla kwiindonga zeendwendwe kwiingxaki zokunyanzela, ukukhupha umthwalo wokukhathazeka kwansuku zonke emagxeni abo, ukuba banandipha ukuthula kwangaphakathi kwendawo, eye yondliwa ngeenkulungwane.

Iinkonzo zikaThixo kunye nokuhambela

Yintoni eyaziwayo kwindawo yaseKaluga? Indlu yeendlunkulu yaseBorovsk, ekhoyo kwintsimi yayo, yindawo yokuhamba ngoovimba beendawo ezikufutshane, kunye nezinye izixeko kunye namazwe. Kusuka eMoscow baya apho baququzelele imifanekiso yePapuuti kunye nokukhusela inkonzo, elawulwa nguBawo Vlasius. I-Monasteri yaseBorovskoy ishicilela ishedyuli yeenkonzo zayo zonqulo zansuku zonke kwiphephandaba layo "iBulgletin", kunye nakwi-intanethi kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni. Kwi-monasteri kukho isikolo seSonto esikolweni. Kwakhona kwindlu yeendwendwe unokuphulaphula iindibano zabantu abadala, ukujonga ngokubambisana kweefilimu malunga nabafundisi nokuxoxa ngazo. Ngo-2011, ummandla wama-Orthodox wesithili saseBorovsk wasungulwa kwi-monastery, enceda ukudibanisa abantu abatsha ngokusekelwe kwiminqweno yokukhonza uluntu kunye nabamelwane.

Nceda abantwana abanomdla kunye nabaselula

Ngexesha lehlobo, amaqela abantwana-ama-scouts kunye nabaculi abancinci bamkelwe kwi-monastery, abaqeqeshwe kwiikholeji ye-Kaluga. Benza umsebenzi osebenzayo kuloo ndawo. Kule minyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ikampu yama-orthodox yase-Orthodox yenkcubeko yabantwana iye yahlelwa kwi-monastery ebizwa ngokuba ngu-Stratilat. Unyaka wonke abantu abangaphezu kwamashumi amane bahlala kuyo. Ngenxa yesiseko seenkampu, ukususela ngo-2011, ukuhlanganiswa kwe "Pafnutyevgrad" sele kubanjwe kathathu, apho abantu abatsha abangamaOthodoki bathatha inxaxheba.

Imisebenzi kunye nemibhiyozo yendawo engcwele

Umsebenzi wokuprinta uqhutyelwa ngokusisigxina kwi-Monastery yasePafnutievsky. Ipapasha iphephancwadi kubantwana "Korablik", iphephandaba labazali kunye nootitshala "Borovskiy ukukhanyisa", ngeveki "Vestnik" kunye neencwadi zokufunda ngokomoya. Kuwo wonke unyaka, abahambi ngeenkonzo bangenza ukuvakasha kwi-monastery, apho incwadi kunye neefowuni zetekethi, ithala leencwadi, umsebenzi. Ukongeza, i-Monasteri yaseBorovsk ithathwa njengomququzeleli omkhulu wesifundo semfundo yesithili. Isiganeko sonyaka sabasetyhini sijolise ekuphuhliseni ukuziphatha kunye nokuxabiseka kokomoya phakathi kwabantu. Ngexesha leeholide ezinkulu, ezifana neSuku lweSikhumbuzo seMonk Paphnutia kunye noKuzalwa kukaMariya oyintombikazi, iitheyibhile zibekwe kwiindwendwe kwi-monastery yazo zonke izinto.

Indawo yaseKaluga, iindwendwe. UBawo kaBlasius

I-Schiarkhimandrite iVlasius (ehlabathini lamaPeregoni) yazalwa ngoFebruwari 8, 1934. Intsapho yabathembekileyo yayikholwa. Ugogo wakhe ngumqashi. Wakhuphula iVlasy ngokuhlonela uThixo kunye nokholo ukususela kumntwana. Oku kwakufuneka kufihlwe ngamaxesha e-Soviet. Emva kwesikolo iPeregontsev wangena kwiziko lezonyango likaSmolensk. Umfundisi wangomso wangena ngasese ukuze athandaze enkundleni.

Ulwazi lwabikwa kumlawuli weziko, emva koko intshutshiso yomfundi okholwayo yaqala. Oku akuzange kwamkeleke ePeregontsev, kwaye ngenxa yoko wagqiba ekubeni ahambe esikolweni aze ashiye isithili saseTambov. Kulapho wadibana noBawo Ilarion (Umlobi), apho afumana khona isibonelelo sokushiya isithili seTranscarpathian. Ekufikeni kweendwendwe zaseSt. Laurus naseFlora, lowo owayengumfundi washintsha igama lakhe. Isizathu salesi sigqibo sisisigxina sophando lwakhe lwe-Union. Kwiminyaka embalwa emva koko, iVlasius yaxutywa kwisambatho seSaint Sebastian.

Ukuqala kwendlela yokomoya yasePeregontsev

Ukususela ngowe-1991 ukusa kwixesha intloko yangoku mdala Blasius Borovsky monastery. Kodwa ke sifike isikhundla skhiarhimandrita? Ukuba umntu zokomoya, ugqirha bedidekile zakhe ukuba umthobele umzalwana bandlala uyise Hilarion. Ngexesha intshutshiso yeCawa, xa Khrushchev waba ngamandla, woonongendi yavalwa. UBlaise kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele ESmolensk kwakhona amaxwebhu. Abameli abasemagunyeni ezisemthethweni wambuza ukuba ashiye ubomi emishini baqhubeke nezifundo zabo zeli ziko, kodwa wala. Blasius zawongwa ababukeli kunye uBhishophu uGidiyon, lowo wamthabatha naye nendlu yakhe. elizayo inkonzo isidweliso-archimandrite kwaqala ngokucoca esibingelelweni. Kamva waba umfundi ndumiso-, ngoko ibamba, umdikoni, ngoko umbingeleli kunye cellmate. Xa uGidiyon ngo-1972 sakhutshelwa wenqila naseNovosibirsk, kunye naye baya eSiberia Blasius uyise. Kamva, wamiselwa ukuba ukukhonza Cathedral Tobolsk St. Basil kaThixo.

umdala isigodlo Last

Xa, ngo-1991, Metropolitan Kliment of ukulungela ukusebenza kunye Borovsk wamsikelela uBlaise Pafnutyevo ngokukhuselwa woonongendi, waba abantu ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuba babekho. Bonke aba badinga uncedo lokomoya. Ngowe-1998 washiya uyise Vlasiy Borovskoy eMonastri waya entabeni iAthos. Apho, phakathi iimonki waphila iminyaka emihlanu. Emva koko wabuyela Pafnutiev eMonastri, apho ihlala namhlanje. Intlanganiso uyise efuna Vlasov amawaka abanquli ezivela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Abanye beza kwindoda endala ukuphelisa izifo asikuko nokuba kuyabulala, abanye - ukufumana amacebiso aluncedo yokusonjululwa imicimbi ebalulekileyo yehlabathi. Abaninzi bafumana inkxaso yokomoya ebusweni bakhe. Kuba owayekhona nganye Vlas baphendula stroke elula.

units mihla

Kufuphi iindonga woonongendi, epakini pine, ibekwe efama endulini. Kuyinto ifama ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eye yokuhlala abasebenzi, senohranilische, kwiyadi kunye iinkomo, amahashe, iihagu, izindlu zeenkukhu, amasimi kunye ichibi ophilileyo.

Kumgangatho olingana refectory ye woonongendi lilapha prosfornya, kwakunye kwivenkile ebhaka izonka. Kuzo ukuze iimfuno ziimonki nabasemzini sisonka, cookies, muffins, pie. Ubuninzi umsebenzi kwenziwa ngesandla. intlama technology abuyiselwe ukuze ijike ngaphandle ukongeza negwele, awalithabathayo eyasetyenziswa kwimihla yakudala.