Ihewu Armenian - kummandla entabeni kumantla Asia Minor. An imeko yamandulo kwintsimi Armenian Highland

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala elithi "Armenian Highland" wabonakala ngowe-1843 kwi ngodaba kaHermann Vilgelma Abiha. Le nomhloli Russian-German kunye komhlaba, ngubani wachitha ixesha elithile kuMzantsi eCaucasus, yaye kamva waqamba igama langoku ubume bendawo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku malunga nemvelaphi lwalo lemveli abantu Armenian kwenzeka impikiswano enkulu. Noko ke, kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha iingongoma ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye imiqathango ebonakalayo kule ndawo.

Njani i-Armenian Plateau?

Le ndawo fanele kwinkqubo entabeni Alpine-zeHimalaya. Kumaxesha amandulo wayifulela ngamanzi wamandulo Tethys Ocean, nto ingqinwa zembiwa ifumana kwiingcamba emhlabeni :. iintsalela ezahlukeneyo kuneekorale, intlanzi, isilwanyana, njl Kuba paleontologists lithuba elihle lokuba nokuphonononga iindlela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo enezityalo nezilwanyana kweli xesha. Isizathu ukuze kwakhiwe zeentaba abaseAfrika, Armenian enkangala, eTibet (ekubeni indawo ekufuphi), waphakamisa baphume amanzi olwandle ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

Le ngozi yaseYurophu kunye Buze Arabhu ajenos wabonakala Caucasus kunye ihewu Armenian. Wengxabano oweeneem Indian nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya kwakhokelela ekubeni zomaleko lentlenga bomgangatho olwandle, nto leyo walala phakathi iipleyiti ezimbini, Ndayishwabanisa wakhwela phezulu. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ekubunjweni malayas, eTibet kunye nezinye iintaba eziphakamileyo ndawo.

I Neogene Highlands amaxesha amaninzi kuye zahlulwe phantsi kwempembelelo kuqhume zangaphakathi. Lava, leyo kuphalazelwa phezu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba oqhiphuke umbilini, enziwe mpuluswa esezintabeni nezibaya zemihlambi. It cishe indawo ubuso kwezakhi abangelwe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Plateau ise kwi the Near East. Enamacala amane kokuba ingqongwe kwezinye iindawo - Asia Minor Iran Plateau, uLwandle Olumnyama nelasesithabazi eMesopotamiya.

iindawo Intaba imfundo

Armenian Highland kukho inani elikhulu Amanzi phezulu entabeni, amatyathanga amakhulu mlilo, ngokunjalo mlilo ezithile extinct. Ingongoma eliphezulu kwintsimi bathi Great zaseArarati intaba. It has a ukuphakama kuyimitha 5165. Ezininzi ezincinane Njengomncinane Ararat (3925 meters) kunye neNtaba Suphan (4434 meters), apho zifumaneka Turkey. EArmenia, kukho intaba Aragats, nto leyo iba ukuphakama kuyimitha 4090 yaye Iran - Sabalan (4821 meter) kunye Sahend (3707 meters).

Yiyiphi indawo yinxalenye Highlands

Kufuneka kwakhona udwelise yintoni ndawo zimi kule ukuphakama, ukuba libandakanya. Umzekelo, kukho uluhlu yasethafeni Armenian - ukuba wonke ummandla Armenia kunye Turkey, inxalenye yasentshona Iran kunye Azerbaijan, South Georgia.

awohluke kwale ndawo

Lo mathafa yenye yezona abo Obumbe udaka. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, imvelaphi yayo enjalo ukuba ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo Umhlaba, le ndawo unenzondelelo utshintsho kakhulu kubume. Emva koko wavuka waya phezu kolwandle ngenxa amacwecwe yokungqubana, nto leyo ikhokelele kwisakhiwo elincane, ukwahlulwa, ukhupha evela Umhlaba isixa esikhulu, udaka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye iintaba eziphezu aphakeme mlilo extinct (umzekelo, Ararat), kwaye kuthathwa kwindawo seismically ezingazinzanga.

Ukuphakama kwiinduli Armenian namhlanje - 1500-1800 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Ungaphezulu kakhulu kwihewu asebumelwaneni Iranian litshabalale ihewu lia. Ukuba sithethe ngale ndawo Plateau, kuba 400 ophosa square.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe apha ukuba umthombo imilambo emininzi enjalo, njengoko emEfrati, neTigrisi, Araks, Izikhukhukazi. Phantse zonke emlanjeni yasethafeni Armenian igcwaliswe snowmelt kunye nemvula. Kwakhona le swimming indawo pool amanzi ukwenza namachibi amaninzi (inkulu - Sevan, Van, Urmia).

An imeko yamandulo kwintsimi Highlands

Le ndawo ibisoloko yabemi. Ekubeni ukuyilwa zejoloji, kwadlula imbonakalo mihla wayekwa. Kakade ke, ukuqinisekisa amanye amaqumrhu karhulumente inokufumaneka kuphela yeziKronike wentsomi okanye ngoonobumba ezinye izizwe (ngakumbi efunda).

Urhulumente indala kwiinduli Armenian, nto leyo eye nezibhaliweyo zakudala (zamaqula), ebizwa Urartu. Kuye khona ukususela BC ngenkulungwane IX. e. ukuya BC ngenkulungwane VI. e. Xa abenzi bemilingo karhulumente ka Urartu yenye yeendawo eziphambili kwi Near East. Xa yawa kwamazinyo, okt. E. Ngaba yoyiswa ngamaMedi, le ndawo yaba yinxalenye Achaemenid karhulumente.

Eminye ezakhiwe phezu kwintsimi beza phantsi yokuba i-BC kwinkulungwane II. e. ngoko kwasekwa Armenia Omkhulu, nto leyo isiqalo nelaye kohlanga mihla.

Armenia ubanga ukuba urhulumente omkhulu Urartu - njengoko ookhokho yamandulo Armenia. Noko ke, le yinto kusini na, kuba akukho bungqina oluthembekileyo kule ngoluvo. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba iinyaniso ezininzi babhala nje.

Ilifa yamandulo

Enoba lwalunjani, kodwa kwintsimi Highlands, ingakumbi kumaxesha kutshanje, zezona ngezinto ezimangalisayo zisixelela indlela ababephila ookhokho bethu, yintoni izithethe zabo, indlela yokuphila, njalo njalo. D. Urhulumente yamandulo kummandla lehewu Armenian, kuvela, washiya ilifa lakhe kuthi, inzala yabo.

ngabembi kufuphi entabeni Portasar kukhokelele kwinto ukuba uyaziwa i tempile, lalo kwixesha lamandulo ngakumbi iiphiramidi zaseYiputa (ngoko, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba kwizizwe abahlala apha kumaxesha amandulo, iye yaba inqanaba eliphezulu zophuhliso) . Okwangoku, ezine itempile kwafunyanwa, kulindeleke ukuba ndafumana elinesithandathu.

ezimakhulu mabini ukusuka Yerevan wafumana ukwakhiwa, nto leyo kwimilo yayo ifuze Stonehenge, kodwa a mandulo ngakumbi. Kuyinto iphindaphindeke nezibonda nkqo emi ukuba phezulu imbobo. Ukuba ukhangela phantsi Karavundzh (igama structure), ngoko singatsho ukuba imilo yayo embhoxo umlaza Cygnus.

Zimfihlo washiya ookhokho

Enye eemfihlelo unsolvable ukuba uphethe iingqondo izazinzulu, ezimbalwa izinto ezifumaneka kwi kummandla Armenia. Omnye wabo oqingqiweyo njengentaka, nokwafumanekayo Eastern neArmenia yoma zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Isibakala sokuba yobudala bakhe - ubuncinane iminyaka engamawaka amathathu, kwaye material yenziwa leyo modernity ayaziwa. Akukho nasinye isixhobo mihla alikwazanga ukonakalisa kuyo.

Enye isiphumo ukuba kumangaliswa izazinzulu abo amasuntswana zentsimbi yamahashe. Zabhalwa ngexesha elinye kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba intaka, kodwa ngokuphawulekayo kakuhle igcinwe. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimveliso zesinyithi baqalisa ukwenza ethile okokuqala kwiminyaka engamawaka kamva.

Ngenxa yezi ziphumo, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukuvela ephucuke yokuqala yenzeka ngaphambili ngandlel kunokuba kwakusithiwa. Abanye baye babange ukuba kwavela kwi kwisiza nduli Armenian mihla amalunga neshumi lamawaka kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Abanye impikiswano enxulumene kule ndawo

Ngokuphathelele igama indawo phakathi abaphandi shushu mpikiswano. Abanye bathi kubonakalisa kwimvelaphi yezembali into yokuba apha kwiinkulungwane Armenia waphila. Ezi abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ezi zizwe kuqala ahlala kule ndawo nokuba kumaxesha amandulo. bethetha nabo malunga ezahlukileyo Armenia, kuba Highlands, apho wayehlala - nelaye lasisiseko kwimpucuko. Uqinisekiso ifumaneka ngqangi ezahlukeneyo yamandulo, ngexesha ngabembi, nkqu kwenye yeencwadi yamandulo - iBhayibhile.

Noko ke, abanye abaphandi zisenamathandabuzo zonke izigqibo ezinjalo. Malunga igama kubhekisela yokuba kuphela ngo-1843 yaba yinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla ukuya zembali Henry Abikh enkosi. Ebudeni hambo, yena wayehamba abameli i-Armenian Church kunye neenkokeli Armenian, ukuze yonke into wabona, waza thaca zililifa lwenkcubeko Armenian. Le yinxalenye abaphandi uthi Armenia ngokwembali ngokugqibeleleyo kwamanye amazwe, ezifana yekaHerodotus, ngubani ukhankanya kwiincwadi zakhe hlanga, itsho Armenia bakulo efikelela kuyo umEfrate, kufuphi nelaseFrigi, yaye inxalenye encinane entabeni kufuphi ekuqaleni emlanjeni Galis.

Xa siqwalasela igama Highlands, kumaxesha amandulo yayisaziwa ngokuba al-Zazavan. Ibn Hawqal (X ngenkulungwane umbhali Arab), wazichaza ilizwe kwiincwadi zakhe, uthi ezi zingqino ezininzi Turkish kunye Azerbaijani (izithethe namasiko, indlela yobomi, njl ..). Ukongeza, abaphengululi bakholelwa kuphosakele ukuba ucinga ukuba ukho kule ndawo kwenzeka iziganeko yebhayibhile koMkhukula, kuba nje ezinye iindawo ityeya ngoNovemba, efumaneka kule ndawo.

Enoba lwalunjani, kunzima kakhulu ukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo malunga neziganeko ezenzeka kumaxesha amandulo kule ndawo. Kakade ke, ukuba ngaba akukho ceba umatshini ixesha. Ngoko ke, zonke iimbambano kufuneka lusekelwe kuphela kumanqaku afunyenwe ngenxa zembiwa uphando bafumana izinto.

isiphelo

ihewu Armenian - lizwe unembali ende natyebileyo kunye ezifunyaniswe ezingalibalekiyo zokuhlala zamandulo kunye nezizwe. Abo imibono ezenza mbali nabaphandi emimandleni maxesha amandulo, kuye kube nzima ukuphikisa okanye uqinisekise ngayo. Simple engumshumayeli ungabona kuphela iziphumo engaqhelekanga kwaye ukucinga ukuba zasetyenziswa njani na ookhokho yamandulo.