KweMilambo: i sesakhiwo impucuko yamandulo

Urhulumente kunye nenkcubeko kweMilambo, kwasekwa nezitya yemilambo iTigrisi nomEfrate, uMenzi impucuko yokuqala enkulu kwimbali yoluntu. Nokugqama uphuhliso yayo iwela IV-III amawaka. BC. e. Kuba kumacandelo ezininzi zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, njengoko kuthwelwe yaye nini na impucuko kamva, kwaba ekhaya kweMilambo: lwezakhiwo, ukubhala, imathematika, izixhobo karhulumente, isakhiwo koluntu njalo njalo.

Ngelishwa, iMillenium badlula ukususela ngelo xesha, bayonakalisa enkulu impumelelo yale sombuso uluntu. Phantse yonke into esiyaziyo na, babaziswe ngalo ephila emhlabeni nezinto eziphathekayo: Ipilisi ze ngoonobumba, nto leyo kunika uluvo lokuba imibhalo yamandulo wafumana tshe ilitye, wagcina umthetho Khamurappi (endala umthetho ngokusesikweni, nto leyo eye ekhaya eMesopotamiya nje). Architecture, obonisa izimvo zonqulo, ezentlalo kunye isakhiwo sezopolitiko yezi zizwe, njalo njalo, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokuphathelele kulo. Enyanisweni, ukuba iintsalela izakhiwo amandulo ulwazi olugqityiweyo malunga ithi elide-extinct.

KweMilambo: yezakhiwo ngathi yimbonakalo impucuko

Ukungabikho phantse epheleleyo zamatye kunye nehlathi kule bendawo iibhloko zokwakha ezingundoqo yiSumere, eAsiriya iBhabhiloni lodongwe apho kuthiwa ngezitena lepilsya ekrwada yaye kamva bazitshisa ngezitena. Eneneni, imvelaphi kunye ngendaleko izakhiwo ngezitena zodaka - igalelo elikhulu architecture ehlabathini, nto leyo yenziwe eMesopotamiya yamandulo.

Ulwakhiwo eMesopotamiya ekupheleni VI nkulungwane BC. e. luphawulwa kukuvela izindlu zodaka, eliquka amagumbi eziliqela. Kwakukule xesha xa inkoliso yabantu behlabathi akazange nokuba acinge ukuba afudukele kwezolimo, ukuhlala phezu amaqashiso yokupaka random nokuzingela mveliso Iqhutywa kwaye etheza. Ngenxa ukuvela zikarhulumente yiSumere kuvela apha neendawo omkhulu zonqulo. Abantu belimiwe ndawo wakha neetempile mava ngohlobo ezinde wasinika kunye ziggurats. Ziggurats ngokuqhelekileyo baba imilo pyramidal. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ukuba inkangeleko zazo ebhayibhileni Tower yaseBhabheli, zabekwa eBhayibhileni zeemposiso yamandulo ngakumbi abantu waseMesopotamiya.

Amabhotwe yokuhlala yasebukhosini abalawuli eAsiriya waseBhabheli waba isakhiwo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Umzekelo, yerhuluneli nguSargon II e Khorsabad i yayiyinqaba enamandla, ukuba ukuphakama kuyimitha mabini. ukuwo yakhe eyayifakwe lalininzi anemijelo nakwiisilingi amanqugwala. Nebhotwe yaba ibali elinye-, Noko ke, waba inani iintendelezo macala. Kwenye inxalenye izindlu zasebukhosini, wenzela enye - amanye amabhinqa. Ukongeza, kwibhotwe yavezwa inkonzo karhulumente kunye neetempile.

Emizini ukwakhiwa isixhobo eMesopotamiya iibhloko ezithile yamandulo eqhubekayo umqolo kunye ubukho iindonga eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwezindlu ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye zijonge esitratweni lwefacade iimfama kunye neefestile ezincinane, ibekwe phantsi kophahla. Ngaphakathi kule sakhiwo, njengoko umthetho, abe okulala.