Imbali imali imbonakalo

Imbali ukuvela imali aqala kudala. Xa ixesha ukuzazi yi exchange elula kwempahla. Ngapha koko, asinguye wonke umntu unako ukwenza namazembe nemipu kwaye ube lizingela elungileyo. Kwaye ngoko kwakukho ingcamango. Abantu baye bagqiba ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza isixhobo Smith. Nayo iya umzingeli lizingela, kunye nemveliso inxalenye ndoninika njengoko kwintlawulo izembe kunye yotolo. Ngaloo ndlela kwakuvela, anikane nangokunaniselana. Ngenxa yoko, kwabakho division of labour. iingcibi ngabanye ezikhethekileyo ezivelisa izinto ezithile.

Noko ke, ngokuba ukwabelana kukho imfuneko yokuba iimfuno umrhwebi na imveliso enikeza omnye. Ngenxa yoko, njengokuthengisa kwenzeka kuphela kwimeko apho kufuneka zombini nabathengisi ukwenzela nganye kwezi zinto. Ubukho iimeko ezinjalo ukunciphisa amathuba ngokutshintshiselana kwempahla. Kwelinye icala, xa unaniselwano kufuneka inxaxheba izinto ezilinganayo. Le meko yaba sisithintelo olo tshintshano.

Imfuneko yokuba ukuphunyezwa imicimbi unaniselwano kuye kwakhokelela abantu kulwabiwo kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo imveliso elingana ethile. Yaba nguye lowo waqala kusetyenziswa olo tshintshano.

Imbali ukuvela imali kwesi sigaba luphawulwa ukubonakala iimpahla ezo amatyala ezaneleyo (ukukwazi ukusebenza). Baba izifundo ezithile, ngokunjalo izilwanyana. Umzekelo, Ethiopia yamandulo xa kubalwa imivalo ityuwa. abahlali Nauru island nezinto ezilingana ezisetyenziswa ngokutshintshiselana iimpuku, kwaye Aztecs njenge iiyunithi yokuqala lemali bakhonza iimbotyi ekoko. kufika american ukutshintsha impahla kufuneka ke phezu izikhumba zezilwanyana eentlobo okanye amagqabi icuba. Egqugqisileyo amaqokobhe Cowrie. Imali lokuqala baqalisa ukukhonza eTshayina, yaye ke basebenzisa bezizwe zelo iThailand, India ne-Afrika.

Imbali ukuvela imali inyathelo elilandelayo efunekayo ukuzaliseka iimfuno ezithile:

- akufanele babe ukuphulukana kwekhono lwabo ngethuba ukugcinwa kunye transmission;

- niwele nawo kufuneka lula;

- a encinane imali kwafuneka kuphoswa kukuthenga kuyimfuneko;

- ixabiso lilonke oko bunciphe kunye nokugaya entle.

Imbali imali imbonakalo kumgangatho olandelayo yembali yabalasela kokufika imali yesinyithi. zaye kuqala zalenza kwi BC ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe kwaLidiya. Zemali zokuqala inkangeleko yayifana iimbotyi abizwa ngokuba omawukutye okanye nemigangatho. yiminyaka elikhulu elinamanci kamva imali metal intsimbi otyhidiweyo eGrisi, emazantsi eItali, kwakunye kwi Minor Asia.

Imbali ukuvela imali eRashiya lwaqala Kievan Rus. Kwaba apho lesithoba yeshumi-kwiinkulungwane okuvela ayenza. Le sidalwa zixabiseke ngegolide. Emva kwabo - isilivere uze nangobhedu. Abanye ubulawuli Russian kubalwa imali. Noko ke, into nganye ngokwaneleyo safunyanwa isilivere "Tenga", eleza nangezinto. Kuye ndaza igama imali Russian. Ingot zesilivere ezigexa iqhezu iziqwenga ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko, kwakukho igama "engange".

Isigaba sesithathu kwimbali lophuhliso ubudlelwane emali na ixesha olwaqala ezingamakhulu asithoba kunye nonyaka seminyaka engamashumi amathandathu. ke Kuye kwavulwa China ukuvelisa iinkozo iphepha analog. Unobangela yase yaba kukunqongophala ngentsimbi. Ngelo isanda ekuveliseni imali iphepha unokwenziwa usekelwe amaxolo zemithi yebhalsam.

Kwimeko yamaphepha kweyeshumi elinesibhozo ngokubanzi kumazwe aseYurophu, yaye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, isimo sabo ehlabathini iye olawulayo.

Imbali ukuvela imali, ukuba nje apho kunokwenzeka kusoloko ukufumana kwi Internet, ngoku sele sikwinqanaba yesine. It sikuko inguqu ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba iintlawulo ngekhompyutha kusetyenziswa ngalo yokuhlala ikheshi. Ngenxa yoko, imali ngokohlobo engamaphepha kunye iinkozo ebegqwese wasuswa kwi ingeniso kwezoqoqosho.