Yintoni counter-utshintsho kwaye oko kwenzeka eRashiya

Unyana wesibini ka-Alexander II wathabatha etroneni emva kokufa umzalwana wakhe omdala. Yena ibingakulungelanga ukuba ngukumkani, nangona oku, wobukumkani bakhe eRashiya yabalasela ngeziganeko ezininzi ukuba wathabatha nemiphumo kakhulu ziphikisana. Alexander III yatsho impumelelo yelizwe yedemokhrasi kweli lizwe. Kwaba ngexesha Russia wakhe bafunda ntoni ukuphikiswa-utshintsho kwaye wavakalelwa neziphumo kurhulumente endala.

Formation iinkolelo kakumkani

iimbono Political of Alexander III kwasekwa phantsi impembelelo umgcini wakhe kunye nomcebisi K. Pobedonostsev. Le wezopolitiko kwesigele ababemelene ukusungulwa sengqondo Russian lwamaxabiso zentlalo Western eYurophu. Oorhulumente basekhaya kokukuqwalasela ezingeyomfuneko, benobubele - "shop ukuthetha ', kufuneka ukusuka apho balahle. Abantu, ekuqondeni Pobedonostsev kufuneka ukuba ime ngoluphina uyise-geqe. Imfuneko ukukugcina kummandla Russian Empire lobuzwilakhe ngumcebisi ozimeleyo kuthathwa-nkqubo echanekileyo kuphela, yaye nayiphi na ukutenxa kule khosi, ngokutsho kuye, uya kubatshabalalisa urhulumente, ndihlise ilizwe udushe.

Mhlawumbi mlawuli elizayo kwakungayi zabuza iimfundiso Pobedonostsev, kodwa ngokubulala uyise, Alexander II, nizihlabe umlawuli yedwa kwisigqibo ezicacile. Alexander III wagqiba ukuba yinkululeko abantu Russian akunakwenzeka, nenguqulo zentlalo - ziyingozi kwaye kungakhokelela nentshabalalo.

Ikhondo yezopolitiko Alexander III

Eyona theses ezingundoqo ikhondo lezopolitiko ka-Alexander III ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukomeleza ulawulo lobuzwilakhe, ukomelezwa ulawulo kugcinwe ucwangco umgangatho womntu, ukwandiswa amalungelo yeklasi amanene.
• Nokususwa amandla ezopolitiko zobunene.
• inkqubo yezopolitiko Russia waqalisa ukufumana iimpawu karhulumente kwamapolisa. Counter-utshintsho ka-Alexander III kukhokelele ukuvela yeSebe yoKhuseleko. abecuphi I Tsar kaThixo wayebukele izifundo mood kwezopolitiko, ilawulwe, kwaye xa kukho imfuneko - nokuthintela umsebenzi ezingamkelekanga ngaphandle kwetyala.

• Russification Active yemizana yesizwe kunye nemimandla abasandula yathathwa. Eli nyathelo ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iinzame ukubuyisela ukuzimela ilizwe labo kunye nobuwena yesizwe. Zicinezelwa ingcamango uncwadi kuzwelonke, inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa - manani kazwelonke ngokwalo waqonda ukuba lesi-utshintsho yaye ziziphi iziphumo zawo.

Uhlaziyo bali-utshintsho ka-Alexander III ayizange imthintele ukuchitha kakhulu nkqubo angaphandle umgca elungeleleneyo. Ibali wabiza abaxolisi, ekubeni bakhetha isisombululo kwiingxaki yokungenelela ngqo emkhosini. Ngelo xesha ukumkani Russia akazange ukuqhuba imisebenzi zomkhosi yaye akazange angene imifela.

ixesha counter-guqula

Ukumelana kokwaziswa amaxabiso yaseYurophu kuBukhosi Russian kukhokelele ekuyilweni iqela nezigqibo zezopolitiko, eququzelela ukumkani khosi. iminyaka 1880-1900 ogama mbali counterreforms isithuba karhulumente. Ngelo xesha, ukuba irhoxisiwe amalinge amaninzi melo kunye notshintsho. Russia wafunda oko ukuphikiswa-bobuyekezo lomhlaba, kwaye baqalisa ukuvuselela imigaqo uNicholas I.

Yintoni sibali-iinguqu baza bathwalwa njani

Amagosa counter-hlengiso ezeeJaji wabanika amandla ekukhethweni kwe jurors. IRhuluneli unikwe ilungelo umngeni nayiphi juror ngaphandle kokunika izizathu. Ku bakwaziswa umda ebalulekileyo impahla kunye neziqinisekiso zemfundo ze lwabavavanyi.

Counter-utshintsho ka-Alexander III kwakhona ochaphazelekayo wengingqi self-government. Abalimi lincipha inani labameli balo kurhulumente wengingqi, kunye zasebukhosini ilifa, phezu koko, quota landa. iisetyhula ezongezelelweyo nokutshintsha inkqubo yonyulo sele ilungiswe, iziphumo apho ukunciphisa inani labantu abafanele ukuvota.

Izithintelo kwinkalo yemfundo kunye noshicilelo igalelo buhlungu lo benkululeko, abasafuna abangakhange waqonda ukuba lesi-guqula. Ekubeni wabeka usukelo ukuthintela ekomelezeni zengqondo silinene eluntwini, eqatha athatyathiweyo nsinya ulawulo ulutsha kunye nabafundi. izifundo abafazi ezivaliweyo kaThixo, iiyunivesithi yakutya amalungelo abo kunye nenkululeko, iifizi zezifundo eyonyukileyo kunye nolawulo phezulu zeeyunivesithi elimisiweyo ngasentla. Ukongezelela, ngokutsho setyhula "Xa abantwana umpheki ngayo", kwiiklasi asezantsi kwakukho abantu, ndayihluthwa ilungelo lokufumana imfundo ephakamileyo.

The main sibali-guqula, itafile oboniswe apha ngezantsi, ukuchaza ngokucacileyo zonke iimpawu ezinkulu umsebenzi ukumkani endleleni eya kwisebe yamapolisa yedwa.

Counter-utshintsho ka-Alexander III. iziphumo

Lo ngenxa nkqubo yasekhaya Alexandra uxolo waye kuzinziswa usisizalwane ubomi lwangaphakathi bezopolotiko belizwe. Kodwa ke umnqweno inkululeko kunye nedemokhrasi azizange ziphele - oko ngokoqobo liqhuma ke babeziindleko weRashiya, beza amandla, unyana ka-Alexander III - uNicholas II.