Genghis Khan: engobomi emfutshane, ukunyuka intaba, olunomdla kokuphila

Igama Genghis Khan liye kudala belisoloko lihamba. Olu luphawu ugxothwa kakhulu neemfazwe. Umlawuli ubukhosi Mongol wadala, ubukhulu awalibethayo ngobungqola bexesha lakhe.

ebuntwaneni

Future Genghis Khan, ogama engobomi has a lot of amatshatshazi amhlophe, wazalelwa kwenye indawo kumda Russia namhlanje Mongolia. Yena igama Temuchin. Igama Genghis Khan, wathabatha isisho isihloko umlawuli ubukhosi enkulukazi Mongols.

Ababhali-mbali azikhange zikwazi ukubala kanye umhla wokuzalwa le jikelele odumileyo. Uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo wayifaka phakathi kweminyaka 1155 no 1162. Le inaccuracy kukungabikho kwimithombo ethembekileyo enxulumene nexesha.

Genghis Khan wazalwa usapho enye yeenkokheli Mongol. Uyise wadliswa i AmaTatar, emva koko umntwana waqalisa iphulo ezinye contenders ukuze igunya kwisithili lokuzalwa kwakhe. Ekugqibeleni, Temujin zifakiwe ngokokuze ukuhlala akroliweyo, ukuze kwamagqabi entanyeni. Umela indawo wakukhonza yobutsha. Temujin wakwazi ukubaleka ekuthinjweni, ezimela idike. Waye ngaphantsi kwamanzi kangangoko Intshutshiso bakhe baqalisa ukukhangela kuba kwenye.

Ukudibanisa Mongolia

Abaninzi sympathized kunye Mongols basinda ibanjwa Genghis Khan. Biography of lo mntu ngumzekelo oqaqambileyo indlela umphathi ukusuka emhlabeni uye wadala enempi enkulu. Once ezamahala, wakwazi ukuba acele inkxaso omnye khans ekuthiwa Toora. Lo mlawuli abadala wendisela intombi yakhe Temujin emtshatweni kunokuba ezikhuselwe umfelandawonye umthetheli abatsha abanetalente.

Kungekudala, lo mfana yakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokulindelweyo wakhona. Nempi yakhe Genghis Khan woyisa ulus ulus. Wayebalasele yi umnqwazi nenkohlakalo yabo kwabaziintshaba zakhe ngaphezu besothusa yotshaba. waba main iintshaba zakhe AmaTatar, wabulala uyise. Genghis Khan wayalela abantu bakhe ukuba nibonakalise ke aba bantu bonke, ngaphandle abantwana, ebude ayidluli kubude namavili eenqwelo. uloyiso lokugqibela phezu AmaTatar kwenzeka ngo-1202, xa bathe baba engenabungozi ukuya Mongols kumanyana phantsi kolawulo Temujin.

Igama elitsha Temujin

Ukuze ngokusesikweni indawo yayo ophambili phakathi yinkokeli yakhe nathi Mongols ngo-1206 ekuthiwa Kurultai. wavakalisa Le ibhunga kuye Genghis Khan (okanye Khan Great). Yaba phantsi eli gama induna wehla ezimbalini. Wakwazi ukuba bamanyane saa kwaye usilwa Mongol ulus. Irhuluneli entsha wabanika omnye injongo - ukwandisa amagunya alo liwanike ziintlanga. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa eloyisile Mongols, eqhubekileyo emva kokufa Temujin.

ngokutsha kwe Genghis Khan

Kungekudala utshintsho Ukuqalisa, umqalisi kwawo Genghis Khan. Ngobomi yale Inkokeli ulwazi kakhulu. Temujin yahlulwe amawaka Mongolians kunye tumens. Ezi yunithi olawulo kunye accounted for anayo.

Ingxaki engundoqo, nto leyo aphazamisane Genghis Khan, yaba embambanweni lwangaphakathi phakathi Mongols. Ngoko ke, irhuluneli buyiphithikezile izizukulwana ezininzi phakathi kwabo, sibabandeza zombutho efanayo ezazikho amashumi ngezizukulwana. Oku kuye wayizalela iziqhamo. Hlokondiba waba ziyalawuleka udlame. tumens londliwa (enye tumen kuquka amajoni amawaka alishumi) Ubuthembekile khan abantu wathobela imiyalelo yakhe. Kwakhona, i Mongols ezaqhotyoshelwa imiyalelo yakhe entsha. Ngethuba lenguqu ukuya kwelinye nabangevayo tumen ejongene isigwebo sentambo. Ukususela Genghis Khan, ogama engobomi ubonisa kuye wenguquko imboni, wakwazi ukoyisa ebulalayo ngaphakathi kuluntu Mongolian. Ngoku angaya ngaphandle ukoyisa.

umkhankaso Chinese

Ngo 1211 i Mongols yakwazi ukubenza zonke izizwe ezingabamelwane yaseSiberia. Ayehlukile abahluphekayo self-umbutho kwaye ukuzilwela aba bahlaseli. Uvavanyo lokuqala benene Genghis Khan kwi efikelela olungaphandle imfazwe China waqala. Le mpucuko eminyaka ilwa kunye abasemathanga esemantla onamava kakhulu emkhosini. Ngenye imini abalindi kwi Great Wall of China wabona amabutho angaphandle, wakhokela Genghis Khan (a ngobomi emfutshane inkokeli akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle esi siganeko). Le nkqubo ye yinkulu kungenakugqithwa ukuya nabaqhekezi elidlulileyo. Noko ke, oko Temujin ikwazile ukuba ilifa eludongeni yokuqala.

Mongol mkhosi uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu. Ngamnye kubo saya ukoyisa isixeko nobudlova kwicala layo (emazantsi,-mpuma nasempuma). Genghis Khan weza nomkhosi wakhe, waya elwandle. Waqukumbela kunye nomlawuli Chinese ihlabathi. umlawuli isiphukuphuku wavuma ukulivuma isebe Mongols. Kuba lo nguye wafumana eBeijing. Noko ke, xa Mongols babuyela entlango, lo mlawuli Chinese bafudukela ikomkhulu lakhe komnye umzi. Oku kwakubonwa nje ewolo. Le mbuya babuyela eTshayina kwakhona wayizalisa ngegazi. Ngapha koko, eli lizwe iye phantsi.

Conquest of Central Asia

Ummandla elandelayo, phantsi kuhlaselwa Temujin, waba Central Asia. abalawuli Muslim Local kudala yenqaba ingxokolo Mongol. Ngenxa yale nto ke, Kazakhstan kunye Uzbekistan, yaye namhlanje, biography of Genghis Khan wafundela ngokweenkcukacha. Umxholo emfutshane yebali ubomi bakhe kufundiswa nasiphi na isikolo.

Ngowe-1220, Khan wathabatha Samarkand - omdala nesixeko bazizinhanha mmandla.

Amaxhoba elilandelayo ndlongo baye baba mbuya Polovtsy. Ezi emathafeni wacela uncedo ezinye iinkosana Slavic. Ngoko ke, ngo-1223 amajoni Russian kuqala wadibana Mongols kwi-Battle of the Kalka. Battle of Polovtsy kunye nokuxubana ebilahlekile. Temujin ngokwakhe ngelo xesha ekhaya, kodwa lwalandela inkqubela kwezixhobo angaphantsi kwakhe. Genghis Khan, olunomdla kokuphila ezo eqokelelwa monographs ezahlukeneyo, wathabatha iintsalela bomkhosi, babuyela eMongolia ngo-1224.

Ukufa Genghis Khan

Ngowe-1227, ebudeni singqingiwe njalo ke eyinkunzi wafa Tangut khan Genghis Khan. biography olufutshane yinkokeli, ezandlalwe nayiphi na incwadi, osoloko endixelela ibali kule episode.

Tanguts wayehlala kumantla China kunye, nangona into yokuba Mongols kudala yoyiswa kubo, yenza uvukelo. Ke Genghis Khan ngokwakhe wakhokela umkhosi, apho ukohlwaya kwabangevayo.

Ngokutsho yemihla xesha inkokeli Mongols ndathatha igqiza Tangut, ababefuna ukuxoxa imiqathango emuva ikomkhulu labo. Noko ke, Khan waziva ezimbi waza washiywa emva kwabaphulaphuli. Wafa nje emva koko. Ukuchana ayaziwa into eyabangela ukufa yinkokeli. Mhlawumbi yayingunyaka, ekubeni Khan wayesele iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe, yaye kwakunzima ukunyamezela uhambo olude. Kukho kwakhona kwinguqulo wagwaza omnye abafazi bakhe. Iimeko okuyimfihlakalo ezingqonge ukufa nazo zincediswe yokuba abaphandi kusekho awukwazi ukufumana engcwabeni Temujin.

lemveli

Kukho bambalwa vumbhoni lebyi tshembekaka lobukhosi esasekwa Genghis Khan. Biography, ukunyuka intaba kunye ngoloyiso yinkokeli - konke oku kwaziwa kuphela kwimithombo zale ncwadi. Kodwa ukubaluleka izenzo Khan kunzima ukuba zazi. Wadala lo likarhulumente likhulu kwimbali yoluntu, batwabulule phezu indawo enkulukazi Eurasia.

Inzala ka Temujin kuphuhliswa impumelelo yayo. Ngoko ke, nomzukulwana wakhe Batu Khan ndiziphethe iphulo nanto ngowokuzamana nazo izilawuli Russian. Yena waba ngumlawuli we-Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, wazaleka nokuxubana irhafu. Kodwa ubukhosi yasekwa Genghis Khan, lwalulolwexeshana. Okokuqala, atyhoboza, angena ulus eziliqela up. Ezi States ekugqibeleni kwikhompyutha ngabamelwane. Ngoko ke, oko Genghis Khan, ogama engobomi yaziwa nawuphi na umntu ofundileyo, liye laba uphawu ngamandla Mongolian.