"Gremyashchy" (Uyabhuqwa Northern Fleet) Ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ngamnye umba - moya, inqanawa, nkqu ijoni elula, ukuba negalelo ukuziphendulela lizwe bamrholela ukuya isilinganiselo Day Victory. Bekuya kubonakala njani ezixhomekeke nomatiloshe elula okanye inqanawe? njani ukuba akhokele ilizwe yaye ihlabathi ekupheleni kwemfazwe? iirekhodi Contemporary kunye zembali ukuchaza nesibindi, isibindi, namandla, hayi kuphela amajoni Noomateloshe, kodwa iiyunithi lonke, nemikhosi aselwandle, amatanki kunye moya. Umgangatho yangaphakathi abantu njengoko kwadluliselwa ubuchule, leyo ke walawula.

Ngoko ke umbhuqi "Gremyashchy" kunye neqela, izenzo kunye nezenzo zalo samenzela lutshaba ukuloyisa isihloko. Yintoni uhlobo uhlobo nqanawa ebizwa ngokuba umbhuqi?

Umbhuqi - i umkhumbi oluncediswayo

Abonakalisi, ebizwa kwakhona umonakalisi, loo nto multi-xikongomelo-ukulwa isantya wobugcisa, nto leyo ke ukulungele kakhulu ukuba alwe ngwenya, inqwelomoya (iyinguqulelo mihla kunye imijukujelwa), neenqanawa yotshaba. Umsebenzi ababhuqi ikwaquka ukhuseleko ukukhusela convoys yomkhosi wamanzi, ukuhlaselwa kwesimo, inkxaso zokudubula ngexesha indiza njalo njalo.

"Gremyashchy" - Guards umonakalisi butho ku WWII

Oku kungekabekwa umbhuqi iLeningrad sisityalo № 190 phantsi inani C-515. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ingakumbi kwisakhiwo wagqitywa kwaye Red Banner Baltic Fleet wamthabatha kubasebenzi bakhe. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, umonakalisi "Gremyashchy", apho ngelo xesha wayalela A. I. Gurin, kunye umonakalisi "obukhulu" babewela White Sea-Baltic Canal kunye evela Kronstadt ukuya Polar.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Finnish "Gremyashchy" amaxesha amaninzi enza imisebenzi loolindela kunye kwesimo, kwakunye yokukhuselwa convoys isithuthi.

NgoNovemba 1940, esi sikhephe kwi isevisi yesiqinisekiso kunye nokulungiswa, olwaqhubeka kwaze Meyi 1941. Ngoko ke umbhuqi phambi kokuba ekuqaleni IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic waba zikwimeko entle.

"Gremyashchy" umbhuqi ngo-1937, kule mihla zemfazwe

Kwisiqingatha sesibini ubusuku kaJuni 22, 1941 , i-Fleet Northern sele waziswa. "Banomsindo" wayalelwa ukuba kwaoko ukuya umlebe Vaenga le Arctic. Kweli nqanaba, Juni 23 wayewatshabalalisa angaphumelela ukuhlasela moya baseJamani, yaye ngemini elandelayo waya kwiphulo yakhe yokuqala, convoying iinqanawa zothutho ukusuka Murmansk ukuya Titovka apho wadubula phantsi utshaba bomber.

De embindini ka-Agasti 1941 ngumtshabalalisi "Gremyashchy" Northern Fleet waba Vaenga, ekwenzeni okuthile ngamaxesha athile elwandle. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha wakwazi ukubonakalisa uhlaselo ngaphezu kwama-20 ukusuka emoyeni.

Ngo-Agasti 18 umonakalisi yafudukela Murmansk, apho kwakukho ukomelezwa izixhobo zayo anti-moya: inkanunu 45-millimitha kongezwe ezinye imipu 37-aphindwe.

Ngo-Agasti 22, German link ngwenya kunye utshaba ekuhlaseleni wahlasela inqanawa unina "Maria Ulyanova". Xa umbhuqi ukuziphendulela yayo "Gremyashchy" babethunyiwe, kunye neenkundla, "Kuibyshev", "Uritsky" kwaye beyeka inqanawa "Storm". Kule mfazwe, yalila ka "Gremyaschi" wazingqina ukuba azinikele, nesibindi nabanamava iqela yokulwa. omnye "Junkers" yadutyulwa phantsi kunye nezinye yayonakele kakubi. Noko ke, wafumana umonakalo umbhuqi minor 8 kuqhuma kwiimitha ezili-15 kuphela kude ecaleni kwakhe. Kodwa kwiintsuku ezine emva kokuba ulungiso olungxamisekileyo kulandela hide elwandle ephelekwa "Gremyashchy".

yonke umonakalisi ngenyanga kaSeptemba ukufaka minefields kunye izihlandlo ezine kuphela ngaphandle elwandle evulekileyo ngenxa zokudubula Sixhomekeke emhlabeni yotshaba. Ngeli xesha, Walizinzisa ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-190, yaye wavelisa malunga 300 lukhule.

Kude kube sekupheleni kuka-1941 "Gremyashchy" zithutha phakathi iziseko e Murmansk, Arctic Vaenga rhoqo kuqhutywa ukuhlaselwa izikhundla yotshaba. Eziphawuleka kakhulu intsebenziswano umbhuqi kwiinyanga zokuqala zemfazwe - ukusetyenziswa kweziqhushumbisi Varde izibuko eNorway ngoNovemba 24 ebusuku. kwemizuzu 6 kamva, wacel 87 rounds base wabuyela kwiziko ledatha Registry, zange bonzakele impendulo umlilo.

Kulo trial kunyaka omtsha baqhubeka

Umbhuqi "Gremyashchy" Northern Fleet Februwari 21, 1942 adubula phezu izikhundla utshaba eNorway 121 projectile.

Ngasemthonjeni ka-1942 ngumtshabalalisi sakhatshwa 11 Allied convoys. Zonke behlasela nqanawa kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezinzima. Umzekelo, Matshi 14 umonakalisi eyayinako umkhenkce woLwandle North ukuhlasela iintlawulo kubunzulu ngwenya ezintathu German. Yaye ngoMatshi 22, lo gama ababeze elinye ezikhaphayo waye sisaqhwithi esinamandla. Iinqanawa Transport and iinqanawa neempelesi zathi saa kumacala ahlukeneyo. Akavumela yaye "Gremyashchy" - umonakalisi ngamaza yolwandle wabetha inani yokulimala. kweentsuku ezimbini kamva wakwenza kwisiseko bakhe ukuba Matshi 28, kunye umonakalisi "ityumza" kwaye inqanawa IsiNgesi "IOribi 'ukuba kundulukwe yentlanganiso elandelayo iinqanawa ikharavani imithwalo evela UK.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, wonogada kunye neempelesi bahlaselwa iinqanawa lutshaba, leyo kwawona ngempumelelo. Kodwa kukho Walinda ezinye isimanga. Matshi 30, 1942 emnyango Kola Bay yafunyanwa lutshaba ngwenya. "Gremyashchy" ngesantya esiphezulu ukuya indawo yotshaba dislocation waphosa kungena izityholo kubunzulu amanzi 17. Kuhlasela kwaba yimpumelelo: emva kwexesha elifutshane bekukho ubutyobo phezu iingwengwezi phezu kolwandle ingxowa umphathi German kaThixo. Kwathi kanti kamva, ngwenya waseJamani U-585 yatshatyalaliswa.

Kwinyanga yonke Epreli ngumtshabalalisi rhoqo waya elwandle, ukuba siphelekwe convoys. Kulo mzekelo, omnye isiganeko krakra yarekhodwa. Ekupheleni kwale nyanga "Gremyashchy" ne "ebuhlungu" wathabatha kukhuselo le Cruiser yaseBritani "Edinburgh", nto leyo uhlaselwe ngwenya waseJamani. Night Meyi 1 abonakalisi kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele kwisiseko ukuze ifake. Ngosuku lwesibini, "Gremyashchy" babuyela Cruiser, kodwa zi kakhulu: "Edinburgh" yaye zitshone ngeenqanawa German.

Ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya ekupheleni kukaJuni ngumtshabalalisi eSoviet "Gremyashchy" iviswa ukulungiswa kwi lencopho isiseko inani 104. hayi Its nje ukulungisa, kodwa watshintsha eya kuthi yongezwe le kwezikhali. Kule nkqubo, phantse yonke imihla kwafuneka ukuba atshitshise ukuhlaselwa moya yotshaba. Ngoko ke, ngo June 15 kule wogqogqo emoyeni elilandelayo kwi yokulungisa ivenkile anti-moya umbhuqi wadubula phantsi ekuhlaseleni ezintathu, kwaye umonakalo oonobangela efanayo.

lalungiswa

Emva kokuba ukulungisa, umonakalisi waqhubeka ukuba siphelekwe iinqanawa impahla, rhoqo ebonisa kuphangwa ngu moya yotshaba.

Ukususela ekupheleni kuka Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba 1942 "Gremyashchy" kwi balibeka e Murmansk, apho kuye wangena kwinkqubo emoyeni wokhuselo. Yesihlanu Septemba gunners ekwinqwelo abasebenzi, kunye unogada kunxweme wavula umlilo phezu iqela utshaba karma zibhabha kuqhunyiswe isixeko Murmansk. Ngexesha idabi anti-moya ibhetri le sikhephe shot phantsi moya ezintathu, kodwa inqanawa akafihlakalanga yonakele, nangona inani liqhuma zibhombu ngaphezulu kwe-12.

Kuyo yonke inyanga yonke ka Septemba nam amadabi amaninzi "Gremyashchy": umbhuqi wasivuna imiqodi Soviet Allied neenqanawa. Kodwa umonakalo omkhulu ukuya umkhombe ujika ngaphandle kungekhona iimbumbulu lutshaba kunye oonokrwece, engaqhelekanga njengoko kubonakala, kwaye ukusuka element zaselwandle. Usoloko uvunayo iinkqwithela, emva koko ngenkankulu ukuya isiseko elikufutshane ukulungiswa. Umzekelo, Oktobha 21 umonakalisi ezibanjiswe uqhwithela, ngenxa apho enayo indawo izixhobo zayo kunye nobungakanani emthethweni. Ekupheleni Oktobha, waphinda wabetha 7 ebhudla njengekhephu nazo umoya, loo nqanawa kwagcwala nomphini esiluqilima amanzi. Isitya ekuqaleni kwi isithende 52 degrees, boilers zokuqhuba wokuqala nowesithathu baqalisa ukuba afe. Ngoko ke, umonakalisi kwanyanzeleka ukuba kancinci ukubuyela kwisiseko, ngaloo ndlela kokuphazamisa ziqaphile.

isihloko guards

Matshi 1, 1943 umonakalisi "Gremyashchy" kunye oogxa bakhe ngenxa ukubonisa isibindi obungummangaliso wawongwa isihloko Guards.

Kude kube sekupheleni kuka-Epreli wama-43 umkhombe kulungiswa, ezibonakalisa ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi ngaphambi koko lezomoya. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ityala wasemzini, xa moya wadutyulwa phantsi a Russian kunye namagosa amakishayo nokuchongwa lohlobo olungaziwayo.

Ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuJuni Guards umbhuqi amkhapha elinanye izithuthi zeekharaveni, lo gama repulsing ukuhlasela "pack Ingcuka" ye ngwenya German.

Xa ekwindla ka 1944 "Gremyashchy" kwi kwizithuthi eyenziwa inkxaso-mlilo imikhosi phambili lwe Karelian Front.

Indlela ehanjiswe umnxeba, ngoko ke kuya ziyabuya

Umbhuqi "Gremyashchy" ebudeni bemfazwe izuze ngokwenene igama layo. Yena wenza ngaphezu kwama-90 yokulwa imishini eyabelwe kuye umyalelo njengowongamileyo, malunga 60 amawaka eekhilomitha elwandle. Umbhuqi wamhlangula 112 ukuhlaselwa air utshaba, wadubula phantsi 14 ngokumasikizi ezingaphezu kwama-20 moya, walandela ngempumelelo 40 union kunye 24 convoys zethu, wafikelwa enye kwaye sabangela umonakalo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezimbini German, kwabuzwa amaxesha bachitha bechuba namazibuko utshaba kunye nezikhundla. Kwaye yiloo nto kanye ngenxa, iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni elixwebhu.

Ngehlobo lowe-1945 Yomphathi A. I. Gurin wafumana isihloko aphezulu Hero eSoviet Union.

ahlula

Ngowe-1956, umonakalisi wavulwa iingalo, waza waba inqanawa yoqeqesho. Kunye embalwa wagxothwa Navy. Umbhuqi "Gremyashchy" ka-1941-1945, waya ekhefini, yaye indawo yanje anti-inkwili nqanawa omtsha igama elifanayo, eqhubekileyo isithethe ezukileyo ngumtshabalalisi adumileyo Soviet Northern Fleet.

Technical parameters zamanyangaza 'Gremyashchy "

Umbhuqi "Gremyashchy" photo kabani sinokubona ngasentla, ngaba inobunzima 48,000 enjini kunye ukubana iitoni ezingama 2380 ze, ubude 113 no-10 eemitha ububanzi. Isantya liphezulu isitya - 32 amaqhina, ingami ibanga imo eco - ngaphezulu kwe-1600 weekhilomitha. umbhuqi ngemipu yayinemipu ezine 130-millimitha, ezimbini 76.2-mm ezine 37-mm kunaso nemipu ezine umatshini ngamawele, mortars amabini kunye ngemibhobho emibini inomzimba. Ukongeza, ukuba ibekwe ababekhwele kweso sikhephe imizuzu 56, malunga 55 oonokrwece enzulu ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo. Eli qela yayiquka isitya zabantu 245.

Isiphumo sohlengahlengiso

Ngokutsho iingxelo zamagosa German namajoni yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, weenqanawa eSoviet belisoloko wawabetha kangako iimpawu zobugcisa ngemipu njengoko inkalipho oomatiloshe kunye nabathetheli ngubani kulwa nayiphi na imiqathango yababhali phantsi ezahlukeneyo iimeko.

Yaye "Gremyashchy" igama elibi layo iminyaka emininzi ukulwa sinoxanduva lokukhusela ilizwe lethu ekuhlaselweni yotshaba. Xa weenqanawa mihla Russian izixhobo waselwandle, Kakade, ziinqanawa nobunzima kakhulu ngaphezu isitya 1941-1945 kaThixo. Noko ke, umoya izithethe kwezikhali kuhlala injalo.