Han Tokhtamysh: Ibhodi kunye hambo kwi eMoscow

Tokhtamysh Khan wayengunyana ka omnye kubathetheli inelona futhe likhulu loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene. wobukumkani bakhe yabalasela ukuvuselela amandla Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, nto leyo eye ubunzima kakhulu ngenxa ziingxabano amaninzi kunye ababengaphambi kwakhe. Kwimbali Russian, waziwa ngokuba umhleli komjikelo kwi eMoscow ngo-1382, nto leyo waphela lo monakalo eyoyikekayo umzi ukutshiswa tenements zakhe.

eqale

Emva kokuba ebulele uyise, ikamva khan Tokhtamysh wabalekela ngo-1376 ukuya Timur, lowo ngelo xesha imithetho kwenye ithi Central Asia. Kule minyaka mibini izayo, yena ngoncedo umxhasi wakhe wazama ukubhukuqa kwerhuluneli, abulawe uyise, kodwa sihlandlo ngasinye akuphumelelanga. Ekufeni imbangi yakhe, Khan Tokhtamysh ngo-1378 wabhukuqa ezihlangwini zakhe babuthathaka waba ngumlawuli omnye iiyunithi sele uqalwa ngexesha le Wowuqhekeza likarhulumente ye-mkhosi. Kunyaka olandelayo ahlasele ezo izinto, nto leyo zazilawulwa yi umama yaye nako ukufaka zonke anayo komhlaba, kuquka ingqukuva. Emva kokuba Battle of Kulikovo ngo-1380, yena ngoncedo Timur waba ngumlawuli likarhulumente elisanda simanyene yaye negalelo nokubuyiselwa iwonga ngabasemagunyeni. Ukongeza, xa waqalisa ukuvuselelwa eziliqela kwizixeko iVolga mkhosi.

Isimo Russia

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba wobukumkani Khan Tokhtamysh wathumela abathetheli Russian, izigidimi kunye iindaba yalo kunye nemfuno beze kuye bid Kwathi kwisiko yemveli lokufumana iilebhile ukuya ubulawuli amnika imirhumo. Ngqo kubalawuli ezintsha bamlandela Khan, kodwa Moscow Grand Prince nguDmitry Donskoy wala. Inyaniso kukuba emva Idabi Kulikov indawo kweli lizwe Russian lilimbi uloyiso phezu Mongols wenza eMoscow kumbindi ubunye kumazwe Russian. Esi siganeko sikhulu waphakamisa imibuzo malunga ukuyilwa lwemo elimanyeneyo Russian. ulungelelwaniso olunjalo imikhosi itshintshile ubudlelwane Moscow-mkhosi koko wayengayamkeli khan entsha. Emva kweminyaka emibini, waqalisa amalungiselelo matshi kwi eMoscow.

Ukuhlaselwa phezu kwesihloko

Aveza Moscow Tokhtamysh Khan ngo-1382 waba ngomnye ugqaliselo imbi kwimbali Russian. Le igalelo ingakumbi ezithwaxwa ababephila ngenxa yokuba Kwathi kamsinya emva uloyiso engalibalekiyo kwi Kulikovo endle. Phambi kokuya ku kwesihloko, Tartars waya kummandla Nizhny Novgorod, ogama umlawuli, efuna ukukhusela izinto zabo ukusuka ebhubhise wamnika oonyana bakhe. prince Ryazan, naye efuna buyisela kuvuthelwa evela kumazwe sookhokho babo, wathumela Tartars neendlela emlanjeni apho bafika loo dolophu iphambili. Ke nguDmitry Donskoy, kunye nomzala wakhe kunye ukuhlangula ngokuthi wahamba kumaziko ipoma ukuqokelela amajoni ukuba alwe utshaba.

ukuhlasela

Aveza Moscow Tokhtamysh Khan kwenzeka ngenxa kuphela ngobuqili bakhe. Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa, abahlali kwemali eyinkunzi banincede amajoni abo Lithuanian walwa off abahlaseli kwaye mhlawumbi baphumelele ukuba moyisi akazange aye nenkohliso; wabaqinisekisa Muscovites evele kuphela ukuthatha unikelo bemveli, yaye kwimeko ukuba niyavuma ukukwamkela oko, ngoko nangoko kude iindonga zesixeko. Abahlali bakholwa wavula emasangweni. Ke Khan wenza umonakalo omkhulu phakathi komzi, amtshisa Posad, ngoko bawuphanga yinxalenye kwiidolophu ipoma. Ukwenyusa Khan Tokhtamysh eMoscow yaphela ukuhamba kwakhe emva elinye kumaqela bakhe woyiswa yimikhosi Vladimira Serpuhovskogo.

imiphumela

Isiphumo sale hlaselo ezimbi ezimbi. Esi sixeko ezilahlekileyo abantu malunga namashumi amabini anesine amawaka, kwaba malunga nesiqingatha labemi lilonke kwikomkhulu. izixeko ezikufuphi needolophana ziye elinyukayo, baphanga. Prince ekubuyeni kwakhe ngoko nangoko wathabatha amanyathelo aza kuthatyathwa ukuphelisa ezi ziphumo. Akuba ke eyihlawule imali ukuze ube yindawo yokungcwabela amaxhoba, ukongeza, wabanceda ngokutsha zemizana batshatyalaliswe. Raid Tokhtamysh Khan kwayigqibezela kubantu bexesha lakhe, kodwa yena akazange Musa sele iqalile inkqubo ubunye zamazwe ngeenxa eMoscow. Noko ke, emva kwesi siganeko, umthetheli eMoscow kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuthumela unyana wakhe yokubheja, waza weza kuye, imbeko kulo nyaka-emibini kwaye iphumeze imfutshane phezu kwetrone. azaziwa umhlaba Tverskaya ezizimeleyo uVladimir ukubusa.

Race amandla

Orda Khan Tokhtamysh ukususela 1388 baqalisa ukuba nzima xa umxhasi wakhe owayesakuba ngu Timur. Besoyika ukuba yokugqibela sitsala yinxalenye eCaucasus kunye zapadnoiranskih amazwe wathimba yinxalenye yommandla. Noko ke, kule 1390s umphikisi wakhe uphumelele kuyo winile ezimbini ezinkulu, yaye kamva ukuba alwe intsokolo nxamnye nabalandeli ka Tamerlane. Emva kwethutyana, wagidima waya inkosana Lithuanian, ngubani wagqiba ukusebenzisa ngayo ukuze kuzuzwe uloyiso phezu Tartars. Waphumelela lokulwa 1399, kodwa umlawuli onamandla omtsha Yedigei ambulala, emva koko Tokhtamysh waqalisa ukwayama kwihlabathi kunye umxhasi yakhe yokuqala eyamgxothayo, ukubuya, Noko ke, wafa kwiminyaka emithandathu emva koko, yaye Khan ekugqibeleni woyiswa wabulawa-1405.

Nangona lo monakalo, leyo wakha ezweni Russian, inkqubo kwazo okuqhubekayo. Ezihlangwini nguDmitry Donskoy kakhulu ngaphantsi ingqalelo kunye kubaphathi Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, kungekudala onke amandla Khan yaba wesiqhelo. Oku eyaqhubeka de 1480, xa ebukumkanini Ivan III idyokhwe Tatar-Mongol ekugcineni ibhukuqwe.