Inkomfa Locarno 1925: ezona njongo ziphambili ze-nxaxheba, iziphumo. iRhine isivumelwano

inkomfa Locarno wayengomnye iziganeko zozakuzo ibalulekileyo kwimbali Koloni. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ufakela imeko elisekwe emva ukusayinwa yoxolo ichazwe kwemfazwe isixhobo eYurophu, yaye kwelinye - litshintshile kakhulu ukuma amaqela abathathe inxaxheba kulo kwaye ungene ngemvume kule khosi umsebenzi wayo inani lezivumelwano.

Isimo Germany

Kwabanjwa inkomfa Locarno ngenxa komphefumlo lwamazwe phambili Western ukufikelela kwisivumelwano malunga nenani ngokucalula mmandla, imida, urhwebo kunye nezixhobo emva kokuphela leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Imeko kweli lizwekazi kule minyaka ilishumi yokuqala yaba kakhulu langoku, nangona into yokuba amaqela alwayo bafikelele kwisivumelwano kwaye umisele umyalelo omtsha yezopolitiko. EJamani, leyo phakathi iyivume, waba nemeko enzima kakhulu.

Country Kwahlwa imipu, uqoqosho imiqathango kunye norhwebo, i ukulwa Rhineland. Phantsi kwezi meko mood revanchist kweli lizwe waba namandla ngokwaneleyo: imikhosi wesizwe yezopolitiko zanyanzelisa kuhlaziywe ii-iimeko uxolo Versailles kunye nokurhoxiswa karhulumente ukusuka kwindawo oluhlelelekileyo apho kwabonakala. Xa liyi- bodwa ngamazwe waseJamani waya rapprochement kunye yiSoviet Union, waqukumbela yamaBolshevik nenkokheli iSivumelwano Rapallo. Esi sivumelwano kwaba luncedo kuzo zombini amaqela ngelo xesha, ngenxa yokuba ezi States ngenkankulu zifumane ukwamkelwa kwibakala lehlabathi kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka omnye komnye.

Isimo eYurophu

inkomfa Locarno ebibanjwe ngomhla inyathelo kunye namanye amagunya Koloni. Britain wayenomdla ekudaleni mbangi yakhe endala, France, ezinye nokulingana nezwe. Isibakala sokuba emva kwemfazwe nevuthisayo, njengoko iqela kakhulu achaphazelekayo, ufumane ezinye izibonelelo, kwaye kwindawo buyanceda kuthelekiswa kubamelwane yayo. I League of Nations urhulumente wayenesikhundla esiphambili, ezingenakulinganiswa aphazamise nabanye oorhulumente yaseYurophu.

ngodaba lokuphepha

France, Italy wabasukela imitsalane uhlobo olwahlukileyo. Inkxalabo yokuqala olungundoqo malunga ukhuseleko emideni yawo. Intsimi yalo State, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngentla, uninzi bonke ubunzima sisifo German ngexesha lemfazwe. Ngoku bafuna ukugcina imeko. Urhulumente Italian iye waziva ngquzulana yi ukusekwa umyalelo omtsha, kwaye ukuthatha kwabo inxaxheba kumsebenzi iintlanganiso zozakuzo bande eliphakamileyo ngamazwe. Poland and Germany, enyanisweni, baba kwiinkampu esahlukileyo. I bafuna kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko yomda wayo wasempumalanga, kunye norhulumente waseJamani, ngokuchaseneyo, akazange ukuvala amathuba okulwa omkhosi.

imigomo

Noko ke, nangona umahluko omkhulu kuzo ndlela, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ngandlel 'bamanyene enye into efanayo: kuba anti-eSoviet. Iinkokeli ezininzi yaseYurophu sasixhalabele wokutyikitywa kwesivumelwano phakathi ubunkokheli yamaBolshevik kunye norhulumente waseJamani. inkomfa Locarno waye becala eyenzelwe ukuquka Germany nobudlelwane yaseYurophu mhlawumbi wenze Ukuxabana ulwalamano lwakhe kunye nabasemagunyeni Soviet. Noko ke, German Foreign uMphathiswa ngobuchule ejika phakathi oonozakuzaku ezimbini aseYurophu, efuna ukufunda kule meko inzuzo enkulu. Akazange afune ukuba ndaphule ngenqindi phantsi kunye norhulumente waseSoviet, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wafuna ukuba acele inkxaso ye amazwe aseYurophu ukuze kulungiselelwe kwezoqoqosho kunye nemeko umkhosi karhulumente. Eyona njongo ephambili yale awodwa yaseYurophu kwaba ngokucima iJamani kungena League of Nations ukunxibelelanisa ukuba iimeko ezifana wasishenxisa intsebenziswano kunye lizwe lethu.

zingxoxo

Umsebenzi kwenzeka ukususela-5 ukuya kwali-16 Oktobha. Lo msitho ubuzinyaswe le States zilandelayo: United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Poland, eCzechoslovakia, Italy ne Germany. Phambi kokuba urhulumente German bafaka iingxelo ezimbini abasemagunyeni baseYurophu, ezibe ukuba zifundwe ngethuba lenkomfa. Into yokuqala yaba ngumbuzo wayengenamonde yaye impikiswano ye uxanduva uqalise imfazwe. Urhulumente German wanyanzelisa ukuba uluntu lwehlabathi sele isuswe amagama ukuba abantu German ke umphambanisi imfazwe, ekhala ngelo xesha, kwakukho nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba kunye namaqela achaphazelekayo. Umba yesibini ingxaki ze zishiye Cologne, kodwa zombini ubunkokheli waseJamani saliwe.

Ukuziqhelanisa anti-Soviet

Poland and Germany, enyanisweni, yajika ukuba kunokuba nzima, isikhundla: kuqala - ngenxa yokuba uye wasilela ukufumana iziqinisekiso ukukhusela yomda wayo wasempumalanga, kwaye eyesibini - ngenxa yokuba kwakufuneka ngamaqhinga phakathi macala mabini. Bafuna wokwamkelwa kwakhe imiqathango Inqaku le-16 le-uManyano Lwezizwe Charter, okwaye kwabonelela ukuphumeza amanyathelo asebenzayo ngokuchasene lizwe umhlaseli, ophazamisa uxolo. Phantsi kwale umthetho yakwa iboniswa ngokucacileyo kakhulu USSR. Ubunkokheli German ukuba mhlawumbi inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ubudlova, okanye ukuba kudlula amajoni kummandla wayo, okanye, ekugqibeleni, ukuzibandakanya ukuqapha kwezoqoqosho. Ukuphendula, uMphathiswa Wezangaphandle belo zwe yathi yena, ukuba ukulwa, oluhlelelekileyo ngokwezoqoqosho, akayi kuba nako ukuphumeza ngokupheleleyo nokuzinikela. Ukuphendula, abalungiseleli ababesithi phantsi imeko yangoku urhulumente ingaba ngokupheleleyo party.

Umba indawo

Imida yamazwe aseYurophu ziye ugqaliselo mazwe inxaxheba. Ngexesha bagunyazisiweyo isiFrentshi kwaye Belgian bakwazi ukufikelela ukhuseleko emideni yabo wasempumalanga, waba ngummeli wowona ulungileyo aba oorhulumente British kunye Italian. Noko ke, urhulumente Polish basilela ukufikelela impumelelo efanayo: nangona ongene kwisivumelwano kunye nenkokheli waseJamani, kodwa iqinisekisa hayi abaye baphumelela. Ngenxa yoko, eli lizwe waba nzima kakhulu, imeko, njengoko waba zonke izizathu oyikele ingqibelelo indawo. EFransi, Italy zingasebenzi kuyinyusa inkomfa phakathi impumelelo yayo. Indawo yokuqala yazanyazanyiswa kakhulu emva kokuba icala waseJamani inxaxheba ngokulinganayo-thethwano, yaye emva koko kwangena uManyano Lwezizwe waba lilungu leBhunga balo abasisigxina. La madoda Italian vytupila iziqinisekiso kuphela elinye zivumelwano. IRhine basayina isivumelwano kunganxulunyaniswa enye izivumelwano kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba, ukongeza kuqinisekisa inviolability umda isiFrentshi kwaye Belgian, Enyanisweni Awalimisayo dimilitarizatsii band eponymous.

iziphumo

Inkomfa iye yatshintsha kakhulu ukulingana kwamandla kwilizwekazi yaseYurophu. In-ngokuyintloko abachaphazelekayo indawo Jamani, leyo uphumelele minyinyiva ezibalulekileyo ngokwabo. weza yena likarhulumente bohlukaniswe ngamazwe kunye wakhuthaza ezingxoxweni ngengelungu ngokulinganayo. Okwesibini, ukuma yaseFransi iye phantsi. Britain Great iye umgomo wayo ngokuchasa amandla entsha kuye. Locarno Conference ka-1925 kunye neziphumo zayo, nangona anti-yiSoviet, sazinza ke okwethutyana le meko, kodwa ke akunakuphepheka imfazwe omtsha kwabonakala.