Oktavian Avgust

Oktavian Avgust yaba omkhulu-mtshana kunye yindlalifa kuphela uKesare omkhulu. Fumana igama lendoda efileyo kwaye umlawuli ukwamkela ilifa, Wacela inkxaso abahlobo uyise owamkhulisayo, kwi BC 44th, ithiwe thaca kwi-ebantwini.

Noko ke, amandla yokwenene kuloo minyaka ababekolo unozakuzaku Mark Antony, ngubani ixesha elide, kakhulu, yafunwa ukuba ekuziseni uzwilakhe. Ngokuzisa ibandla yesizwe, yena sinamafu ithuba lokuba induna Octavius.

Kodwa kamva ngonyaka Oktavian Avgust, exhaswa uCicero kunye nosapho mlawuli ongasekhoyo wakwazi ngokusemthethweni isimo sabo.

Imeko yezopolitiko eRoma wakhathazeka, lixubayele imfazwe yamakhaya. Kumaphondo kakhulu iyelenqe esebenzayo ngakumbi abo, emva kokubulawa kaKesare wabaleka kwikomkhulu.

Anthony ngani Decimus Iuni, unako 'ukuthatha uloyiso ", kwaye ngoku wamadoda Oktavian Avgust wayeza ukuthumela amajoni ukutshabalalisa njengotshaba.

Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho le yokugqibela ayikwazanga ngokuthanda ngababulali zikaKesare. Kwaye kule nto waxhasa Army: amajoni kwamabutho aseRoma wala ukuba alwe Antony.

Kulo nyaka emithathu Triumvir - August Oktavin, Antony kunye Lepidus wayakha umfelandawonye ukuze azitshabalalise iintshaba zabo. Yaye ngoSeptemba wonyaka olandelayo, imikhosi yazo woyisa Republican. Cassius and Iuni wazibulala. Kwakukho ngokutsha entsha imimandla wayithimba eRoma.

Anthony watshata "ukumkanikazi wookumkani" Cleopatra, kunye nomfazi wakhe nonyana wakhe kuKesare waqalisa ukulawula amaphondo yamaRoma - Aram, olungaseKiliki eSipro. Kodwa abantu baqala ukukhalaza kunokuba ngoko nangoko wathabatha ithuba Octavian, leyo kunye nenkxaso yeeNgwevu wabhengeza triumviratora ungumngcatshi.

NgoSeptemba, oneminyaka eli-32 BC Actium yaba nkulu idabi yomkhosi wamanzi, nto leyo Cleopatra kunye Antony ebilahlekile. Esi sibini wabaleka emva eYiputa, apho wafela khona.

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, Oktavian Avgust ngokunzulu wangena Alexandria, ngaloo ndlela iphelisa imfazwe yamakhaya elide. Waba yinkosi ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo bakaRafa uBukhosi baseRoma.

Eyona merit balo into akazange abe bonke ookumkani aseRoma: yena wayekwazi ukwenza uxolo, ngawo ukuthini ekupheleni izidubedube nemfazwe yamakhaya, eyathatha phantse kwiminyaka elikhulu, yandomeleza imida bangaphandle.

Wapapasha imithetho kakhulu inobujorha, besilwa amakhoboka abanxaxhayo, kwangaxeshanye uvumela abasemagunyeni ukusebenzisa ukhuselo ukuzithoba ukusuka inkohlakalo yabaninizo. plebs yasemaphandleni abangenazo umhlaba ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo semkhosini ezifunyenwe njengesipho imali okanye iipasile.

Esi sisiqalo ixesha elitsha komyalelo yemveli yasekuhlaleni, apho Augustus iye kuthwelwe uhlobo entsha karhulumente - sokudityaniswa uhlobo ngegqudu, nako ukuxhasa umanyano ucwangco ubukhosi, ukuba semthethweni, ngokusekelwe nokuthotyelwa iindlela yesizwe karhulumente.

Oktavian Avgust neengcambu abathintela amayelenqe ngamnye, ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha ngenxa phakathi basebukhosini disaffected. Ngenxa yoko, wakwazi njengokugudisa ezingangqinelaniyo ezibukhali ezikumila yezentlalo, ngoko ubukhosi liseluxolweni kunye nenzolo.

Kodwa ke, kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela yobomi Octavian, waza ke wafa kunyaka-14 BC, waphila iminyaka 49 kuphela ubudala, embi kunazo. eziqhubekayo ezilandelelanayo kunye Xa iNdibano yesiZwe wawunyula undergraduates ezingamkelekanga, wacel umthetho uyekwa unyulo.

Ke umlawuli ephelelwe imbeko yakhe bhetyebhetye esendlini ibhotwe.

Ngelo xesha, ukuba kakhulu echazwe ngokucacileyo injongo yaso, ngobuchule ngokusebenzisa nayiphi na indlela. Yena unobubele iinzululwazi, ingakumbi kwimibongo. Akukho kwenzeka ukuba ixesha lonke ogama emva kwakhe, yayilixesha elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko yokuba ikhula ya vutshila.

Inkqubo yezopolitiko ukuba evunyiweyo phantsi Octavian Augustus, ngaphandle uBukhosi baseRoma kwiinkulungwane ezimbini nempumelelo ibe nempembelelo kwimbali elandelayo Europe.