Unyaka 1687. lenqaba-Greek-Latin Academy: imbali, inkcazo kunye umdla facts

Lenqaba-Greek-Latin Academy (1687) waye iziko lokuqala ephakamileyo emfundo eRashiya. Yaye yasekwa eMoscow, kwaqhubeka de 1814 Khawuve ngakumbi oko okwenza Academy Greco-Slavic-Latin.

indaba

Lwabasunguli baba imbongi, utitshala uSimon of Polotsk kunye uSylvester Medvedev - umfundi wakhe. 2 ngaphambi kokufa yokuqala ebhalwe "lungelo Academic" - wokusungula charter. Kwakubeka phambili, enyanisweni, ingcamango ukuseka eyunivesithi, umxholo uqeqesho kunye namaziko amalungelo elizayo aye aqatshelwa. Ukufunyanwa kwe Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, ngokutsho Polotsky wavumela ukulungiselela abantu abafundileyo libandla kunye nenkonzo yoluntu.

izicwangciso zoqeqesho

Xa akhademi, wacinga Polotsk, wabafundisa Polish, Latin, isiGrike kunye neelwimi Slavic, "ubugcisa melo asixhenxe" (piitika nge mpendulo, igrama, ngeenkwenkwezi, umculo, geometry, dialectics, intanda) yenkolo. Abafundi kunye nootitshala babe negunya kuphela kwi Ngqonyela - "abalondolozi elongamileyo", kwakunye kasolusapho, kodwa hayi iinkundla zemveli. Ngoko ke, oko kwasekwa uhlobo okuzimela eyunivesithi. Imfundo wayefanele ukuba ibe simahla. Ngelo abafundi ngexesha elifanayo inkxaso-mali yokufunda ukuze kuqeshwa, kunye nootitshala abadala - yomhlalaphantsi.

Polotsk wachaza oko Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Wabonisa ukuba eli ziko liya kuba ukukhulula ababingeleli abathembekileyo ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bahloniphe ukusulungeka iingcamango zonqulo. Imisebenzi ye-Academy of Polotsk phakathi kwezinye izinto kuquka ukulungiswa iSABC, ilungelo ukuze aligwebe ngumwexuki. Imisebenzi yeziko kufuneka sibandakanye imisebenzi nokubeka amanye amaziko emfundo, nootitshala ekhaya. Ugqaliselo Academy bekufanele ukuba inikwe ulwimi yamaGrike, eyabhalwa uninzi iincwadi zonqulo.

ukusungulwa emlungisa

Lenqaba-Greek-Latin Academy wadalwa ngokusekelwe kwi Epiphany Schools Printing. Ootitshala bokuqala baba abazalwana Sophrony kunye Ioakim Lihudy. Ngenxa zeengcebiso sokuzimisela yeMpuma Oosolusapho, bona ngokukodwa wafika eMoscow. Abazalwana bafumana ulwazi Encyclopedic kwakukho oogqirha Kottonianskoy Academy. Sophronius and nguJoachim ndibeke zonke iinzame zabo ukwenza kwiziko ephakamileyo yokomoya lemfundo eRashiya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiminyaka-2 kuphela emva kokufa Polotsk "Ilungelo" yayo (uxwebhu ongumsunguli Academy) wamkelwa khona ngoko Fedorom Alekseevichem. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva isikolo wamkela intsikelelo kasolusapho oyiNgcwele.

Iiklasi yokuqala

Baqala ngo-1685, ngexesha lokuqala bazithwala bezibambe kwi Epiphany Monastery. Brothers Likhud baqeqeshwe ekuqaleni kuphela Greek. Kamva sandisa inkqubo yemfundo wazibeka mpendulo yakhe. Ekupheleni kuka 1866 kwaqalisa kwakhiwe isakhiwo eyahlukileyo ummandla Onke-Unenceba uMsindisi Monastery, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba Zaikonospassky (on indawo - kuba icon ecaleni kuyo). Abazalwana Likhud baye bafudukela kwisakhiwo esitsha kunyaka 1687. I-Slavic Greek Latin Akhademi iya kudibanisa ixesha lokuqala kwizintlu ezintathu: aphezulu, phakathi nengasezantsi. Okokuqala, baye baqeqeshwa abantu 104. Emva konyaka, abafundi waba 163, yaye ngowe-1689-m - 182.

uqeqesho

Ikhosi iqala kwiklasi wokulungiselela. Wabizwa ngokuba isikolo Russian. Phezu abafundi yayo ukugqitywa kwiCEMIS. Udidi elandelayo - School Book Greek Scriptures - babefunda Latin, Slavic neleta Greek. Emva koko, abafundi baqala ukufunda ezinye izifundo. Kwikhosi lokugqibela wafundisa yezenkolo, ngengqiqo, ubuciko, physics. Brothers Likhud kuphela babhala zonke iincwadi zezifundo. Ngokuba afunga isampula yeencwadi emfundo kwiiyunivesithi zaseYurophu. Iincwadi zezifundo kuquka imisebenzi Democritus, uAristotle, Campanella. Sinikela imizekelo yezicatshulwa zakwalizwi kunye nemisebenzi zoncwadi.

abafundi bokwakha

Lenqaba-Greek-Latin Academy wathabatha inzala iintsapho ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko unyana ka semali, zabarhwebi, umyeni unokuba ngummelwane ibandla ukukhonza umntwana elikwinqanaba eliphezulu okanye inkosana unguwo. Esi sikolo yahluke kuyaphi abaseleyo, ukuthatha abafundi kwimigca nangokodidi ekuhlaleni. Ngaphandle Russian esekwe kunyaka 1687 lenqaba-Greek-Latin Academy wafundisa Belarusians, Ukraine, abantu abavela kwi Commonwealth, Moldovans, Lithuanians, nangezinto wabhaptizwa, Georgians. Xa uluhlu umfundi nkqu Macedonian. abafundi abadala befundisa abancinane, kwaye ngaloo ndlela nokomeleza ootitshala zaseprayimari. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba mgaqo kakhulu ithe ngqo kwi-lifa, izibonelelo ezifunyenweyo abafundi ezahlukeneyo.

Imbali kwi Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy ngenkulungwane XVIII

Ukuqala kwinkulungwane yabalasela iinguqulelo ngurhulumente uPetros. uguquko iphathwayo kunye nenkqubo yezemfundo. Xa ubomi Academy yaqalisa kwisigaba esitsha. Inani labafundi landa ukuya 600, landisa ootitshala, ithala liye landiswa. Ngowe-1701, elo ziko wanikwa iwonga Academy karhulumente. Waqala uPetros ukumema ootitshala abasuka eLviv naseKiev, kuba sinengcamango malunga nenkqubo yemfundo Western eYurophu. Ulwimi engundoqo baqala ukuthetha Latin. Ubude yokufunda olwalubekwe kwiminyaka eyi 12-15. Indlela emi ngayo inkqubo yemfundo ibe kufutshane kwinkqubo Western eYurophu. Ngoku Academy livelise abaphengululi nje kuphela, kodwa oogqirha, abaguquleli, abasebenzi bakarhulumente.

iinguquko

Abafundi abaninzi musa ukugqibezela imfundo yabo eklasini ephakamileyo, yaye emva konyaka wokuqala lezifundo eseleyo kwi-medical, ubunjineli, isikolo izibalo, kuba babesazi Latin. Abantwana abaphuma kumakhaya ahluphekileyo baqalisa ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Apho bafundiswa Persian, Turkish, Arabic, yaye "inzululwazi loncwadi", apho wafunda ngexesha e-France. Kwi nesikolo baqala ukuthetha eYurophu. Kunye kwemvume Sinodi, yamkelwa 1721, elo ziko waqala ukuthatha basemzini. Bona ulinganiswa nabafundi Russian.

Ngo-1708 no-1710. 2 wawiswa na. Amaxwebhu ezimiselwe abantwana abefundisi abalufunda "Latin kunye nezikolo zamaGrike", yaye kuphela ekupheleni kwazo bakwazi ukubala kwi isiko yokomoya. Noko ke, abantu abatsha ngenkuthalo kwezemfundo. Kulo mba, ukususela 1721 i-Sinodi yafuna iirisiti ezivela ababingeleli ukuba abantwana babo baya kuziphumelela esikolweni.

I-Academy wayengekho ezithandwayo phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini, kuba kwakunzima eninzi yabafundi abavela kwiintsapho ezihluphekileyo. Ngowe-1729 isiqingatha abafundi nabantwana bamajoni. Abafundi abaninzi - abantu ebantwini oqhelekileyo ukuze bafumane imali ukubonelela ngokwabo amandla. Bebonke isiphelo sinye wehlelwa omkhulu M. V. Lomonosova. Kwiminyaka emihlanu ayehlala ngokoqobo yindlala, kodwa uqeqesho nto wawisa. Emva kokuphumelela abantwana amafama babuyela ngabanini. Ukususela 1277 abantu abaqhelekileyo bayeka ukuthatha Academy.

anika umdla

Esebenze ukususela kunyaka 1687 lenqaba-Greek-Latin Academy yaba ukuqokelelwa kakhulu olubanzi iincwadi Russian. Ulawulo yeziko ngokupheleleyo yomnye okungunaphakade sakhutshelwa Library State. Esi sikolo sesinye yokubonela yokuqala Russian yasekwa. Isiseko isangqa yakhe yesikolo sabekwa, apho bakaSimon of Polotsk wamisa iziqwenga "Nebhukadenetsare," "The Wolahleko."

Umdlalo wokuqala esemthethweni Akhademi nkundla yayibanjelwe 1701, ngoNovemba. Qembu wabeka weqonga yeVangeli umzekeliso uLazaro kunye nezityebi. Ukususela kulo nyaka emiboniso baye isiko kubomi zezwe. Ngowe-1705 Feofan Prokopovich ubambe tragicomedy "Vladimir". Kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambili, wathabatha umdlalo, kuqwalaselwa omnye ezikhanya kwimbali yale Akhademi yeqonga. Mvelo yayisisenzo lobungangamsha yaye abazinikele kokuthatha Noteburga Petrom. Kulo mdlalo ivezwe imfazwe njengokuba umzabalazo 'Russian Mars "kunye amabutho ezimbi. Le yokugqibela zaye zaguqulelwa imifanekiso "tavrikiyskoy nenyanga" yaye "ingonyama Swedish". Ukusekwa zokungenela esoyisa "Russian Mars."

Buildings eMoscow

Izakhiwo elisembindini zisekwe kunyaka 1687 lenqaba-Greek-Latin Academy, wafumana le meko lesikhumbuzo zokwakha ezibalulekileyo federal. Xa inkqubo ngokutsha transfer ezweni sakhiwo wafumana inani iingozi. Ngo-2009, iKomiti Heritage wakhuthaza ukuba zokudluliswa Academy phantsi phawu emishini eyayikho ngaphambili. Oku kwaphawula ngusihlalo webhunga - Valery Shevchuk.