"Zubatovism" - nto ... Yintoni "Zubatovism" kwimbali?

indima ebaluleke kakhulu edlalwa "Zubatovism" Xa imbali intshukumo Social-Democratic eRashiya. Yintoni na? kwenzeka njani? Nokuba kudala zikho? Aba imiba ezintathu eziphambili eziphembelele ukuphuhliswa ngakumbi kwe abavakalelwa olululo ngurhulumente ngoko monarchical.

Le mbono "Zubatovism" ngokufutshane ichazwa nenyathelo wolawulo Tsarist ngokunxulumene kumbuzo yabasebenzi eyayikho eRashiya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. Kuye ijoliswe ukuphambukisa izihlwele enkulu yabantu le kumzabalazo yezopolitiko nxamnye namandla monarchical ukuguqula le ntshukumo kwanyanzeliswa iimfuno zoqoqosho kuphela kurhulumente. Kwaphuma "Zubatovism", yintoni na kwaye yintoni unobangela wayo? Kuyo uyakwazi ukufunda inqaku yethu.

definition

Okokuqala, kufuneka baqonde isigama. Ngoko ke, "Zubatovism" - uhlobo lwe kumzabalazo ochasene urhulumente tsarist kule minyaka 1901-1903. umqalisi yayo, Isimanga, intloko abecuphi lesixeko Moscow SV Zubatov kunye nenkxaso abasemagunyeni.

Ukongezelela, "Zubatovism" - kumzamo inkanuko ngurhulumente tsarist eRashiya ukuba ukuphazamisa abantu ukusuka Idabi nxamnye nkqubo yedwa. Abantu baye bazama ukubandakanya kwimibutho yabasebenzi monarchist yokwenziwa '.

Kwakhona, "Zubatovism" - luhlobo elikhethekileyo omzabalazo apho uBukhosi Russian wazama yokutshayela impembelelo ekhulayo of Democrats zentlalo kubasebenzi.

bangabonwa

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yamashumi amabini, intloko yesebe yokhuseleko lwesixeko eMoscow yaba Zubatov Sergey Vasilevich. Yaba nombulelo lowo ezibe nje obubhenqwe isigqubuthelo, bawangqinga, bayonakalisa ezininzi esele ngexesha imibutho yotshintsho olululo. Ngowe-1896, abasebenzi abecuphi wafumana enye iinkampani zokuqala amaqela Social-yedemokhrasi, ekuthiwa "eMoscow Workers Union ', nto leyo wadalwa ngokuhlanganisa izangqa eziliqela yezopolitiko.

Ngenxa yoko le ngemibuzo yelenqe wabanjwa Zubatov yokuqala adibene enye engaqhelekanga. Isibakala sokuba onke amabanjwa kufuneka yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini. Enye yayiquka abaziingqondi, njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, yaye kwelinye - abasebenzi zesiqhelo. Bonke baye libonwa eyenzekayo ezibangqongileyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, Izilumko babeyazi ukuba nengalo yomthetho. Kodwa abasebenzi ayikwazanga bana phandle kanye ebekwa icala. Babona akukho injongo yezopolitiko izenzo zabo.

Qala le intshukumo Social Democratic

Qonda yonke Zubatov wanceda uncwadi okhethekileyo. Sinokuthi ngawo lo mzuzu kuqala Wasisusa ubukho mkhuba zentlalo-lwentando yesininzi. Ufumanise ukuba, ukususela 1890s, imibutho emininzi baqalisa ukuba basebenzise imigaqo nabavukeli baseJamani.

German Democrats Social baye bakwazi ukudibanisa zibe kumacandelo elinye lezopolitiko we Revolution neemfuno zoqoqosho zabasebenzi. imfundiso yabo zisala yokuba ukuphumeza iimfuno zabo, baya kuba nako kuphela nge revolution lwentlalo. Baba ze abanengqondo bume yomsebenzi. Injongo ye-Social Democrats wayeza ukutsala gaba yayo phakathi sabasebenzi ezisezidolophini njengoko abantu abaninzi ukuba kamva ibuye ibe umkhosi enamandla yotshintsho olululo.

Le mbono Zubatov

Emva kokuba efunde le ncwadi ekhethekileyo nasekuvezeni ingozi, nto leyo ziyingozi imigaqo idemokhrasi zentlalo, intloko abecuphi uyayiqonda into eziphambili: amanye amanyathelo ingcinezelo abayi kufeza lutho. Zubatov wayeqinisekile ukuba buthathaka intshukumo iya kuba kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kunokwenzeka, ukuba ususe inxalenye yayo engundoqo - isigaba sabasebenzi. Kwaye ukuze oku kube yimfuneko ukuba urhulumente ngoku ukuba bangakwicala nabantu size sixhaswe umzabalazo wabo ezoqoqosho.

Ngoko ke, ngo-Apreli 1898 yi-Zubatovs oko waqulunqwa waza thaca oyiNtloko wamaPolisa D. F. Trepovu esaziwayo. Yaba ulwazi kakhulu eneenkcukacha malunga inkqubo amanyathelo okuphucula imeko yokusebenza.

Kwalandela enye incwadi ingxelo kwidesika kweRhuluneli-Jikelele eMoscow, nto leyo Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Zubatov mbono ebethanda, waza wabanika imvume yokuqhuba imisebenzi zokufikelela abasebenzi.

le mbono

Nangona baqhuba yokugocagocwa amabanjwa, Zubatov wazama ukubonisa ukuba urhulumente ngokwayo akukho lutshaba kubo, nokuba ukumkani kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza obanelisa zonke iimfuno zabo kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa kufuneka siqonde umahluko phakathi mbuso kunye zabasebenzi-class. Kwimeko yokuqala kukho izinto kweyabo injongo yesibini siyimali.

Le ngcaciso Zubatov waba impumelelo yayo. Kananjalo, ndikholose ngamazwi akhe, abantu baqala ukukhankasa phakathi kwayo, yaye emva kwethutyana wamkela lwezikhalazo yokuqala ngokusekwa uluntu abasebenzi.

imithetho

Ngenxa yoko, i-uBukhosi Russian baqalisa ukuba nzima kunye nemibutho Social-Democratic ime emdeni wayo apho kamva yaziwa ngokuba "Zubatovism". Chaza oko kushwankathelwa iziqendu ezimbalwa.

● Ukutshintsha le revolution kwi imfundiso yokuba izinto zazivelela. Ukuba lokuqala ibandakanya kobhukuqo abaxhobileyo urhulumente, owesibini ongabunyamezeliyo ubundlobongela nangayiphi na indlela okanye uhlobo.

● Ukukhuthaza iingenelo ezipheleleyo lobuzwilakhe malunga nobudlelwane kwezentlalo. Isibaluli abekwa phambili ukuba ukumkani ngokwayo lutyekele ubulungisa, oko yayintsha zonke izenzo zobundlobongela.

● ukuqiniseka ukuba phulo iphela ngokupheleleyo apho amalungelo kungena amandla amandla, okt. E. Ukutshintsha le ntambo nalwazelelelo ayamkelekanga. Lonke utshintsho lizwe kufuneka eze evela kurhulumente, yaye kuphela ngalo.

● Inkcazo yomahluko ezikhoyo phakathi kwe revolution kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi. KwiVangeli ebhalwe nguye ubalisa kuphuculo ubundlobongela zonke iiklasi, kwaye eyesibini - kuphela ukumnceda.

uphuhliso traffic

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1901 kunye ngemvume oyiNtloko wamaPolisa Trepov iqela ntliziyo eMoscow wadala "Society of ofanayo imveliso ngoomatshini." Zubatov wabanika kunye incwadana ekhethekileyo. Babethetha ngentshukumo kwabasebenzi abaziingcali.

Ukongeza, kulo nyaka eMoscow waqalisa ukuqhuba izifundo abantu, ababephila ithandwa enkulu. Zonke iintlanganiso zaye zabanjwa phantsi kweliso arhente Zubatov ngubani babeyazi zonke iziganeko ezenzeka phakathi komzi.

Ngeli xesha, iBhunga ezizodwa Abasebenzi sadalwa, leyo ifumana izikhalazo ezivela kubantu kwakunye ukukhusela iimfuno zabo xa kungakho naziphi na iinzame uyahlukunyezwa yi abenzi. Ngenxa yoko, Trepov kunye Zubatovs inkxaso kwiBhunga. Ngaphezu koko, nabo ukuvelisa uxinzelelo phezu abenzi. Isiphumo yomsebenzi wabo yaququzelelwa logwayimbo isilika manufactory, yathatha inyanga iphela.

Ezo impumelelo eyadala zeNkampani, leyo iyazikhusela umdla abasebenzi, waqalisa ukuba afumane mpawu edume ngokwenene. Emva koko Zubatov intshukumo wenze oko kwakungenzeki kwaphela ubukho ubuxoki zentlalo-wentando yesininzi eMoscow.

ukususwa

Ekuqaleni, imisebenzi yeNkampani baye baphumelela kakhulu, abaninzi abasebenzi baya ezi ntlanganiso. Kodwa ngo 1902 i Democrats Social waqonda ingozi ebangelwa Zubatov intshukumo. Bona Wayaneka amarhe ukuba inkampani - yinto nje ngumgibe yamapolisa, wadala ngenjongo eyodwa - ukuchonga abantu abanganelisekanga neNgonyama. Abasebenzi, ngubani kusebenzisana Zubatovs, wafumana iwonga iintshaba, "Zubatovism" - inkcazo "ingqumbo".

Democrats Social ze yaba kakuhle kakhulu, kwaye inkampani entsha iye yavezwa. Ngoku njingalwazi wala abathethise ezintlanganisweni, ekubeni alunyukiswa ukuba xa engavumanga ukuba pilloried.

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1903 yaqala ugwayimbo kuninzi kumazantsi eli lizwe, kunye nemiboniso ezopolitiko. Impembelelo ye-Social Democrats ndomelezeka ngokukhawuleza. Ehlotyeni konyaka omnye, iliza lemiboniso sele ifikelele kunye Odessa. Yombhodamo wathabatha inxaxheba yaye "Zubatovites".

Ngokuchasene imvelaphi lezimangalo ngakumbi yaye ukunganeliseki mveliso nabasemagunyeni uphazamiseko nobudlelwane bawo kunye nabasebenzi, urhulumente bagqiba ekubeni bayeke imigaqo-nkqubo yayo. Ngenxa yoko, ngehlobo lowe-1903 zonke mbutho Zubatov yaphela. Wona umqalisi kulo mbutho umiswe emsebenzini yaye kungekudala wathunyelwa ekuthinjweni.

Ngoko ke yintoni "Zubatovism" kwimbali? Ngumgaqo-nkqubo ekuthiwa njalo-socialism amapolisa. Injongo yalo ephambili ukujongela intshukumo abasebenzi 'ezopolitiko, ukudala imibutho yezomthetho ukulwa kuphela impumelelo kukhetho kwezoqoqosho. Kwaye ngaphandle, "Zubatovism" - ukuba nje zibonisa ukukhusela abantu phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo lwe-mandla kwakunye namapolisa.