Zubatov Sergey Vasilyevich (1864-1917): ibhayografi. Head of the Special yeSebe Russian Empire Department Police

Zubatov Sergey Vasilyevich (1864-1917 gg.) Ngaba uMdali kwenkqubo yophando lwezopolitiko pre-olululo eRashiya. Njengoko igosa zamasebe yamapolisa, wadala imibutho abasebenzi esemthethweni ', leyo ibizwa ngegama lakhe. umsebenzi wakhe libambe indawo ebalulekileyo kwimbali ekuhlaleni kwilizwe lethu ekujikeni kwenkulungwane. Amanyathelo athatyathiweyo ngabo lokuthambisa ngobunzulu olwandulela revolution ekuhlaleni, kodwa, ngelishwa, ukungabi nako ukuthintela ukuqala kwalo.

iminyaka yokufunda

Zubatov Sergey Vasilevich wazalwa usapho igosa eliyintloko. Uyise wabamba izikhundla kulawulo eMoscow. Lo mfana isafunda kwizikolo eziphakamileyo, apho bemka ziingcamango revolution nkqu wadala isangqa kwakhe nihilists. Waye uxakeke kwimfundo-self, wendele ubukhulu becala imisebenzi ababhali ukweyisela yali. Ukongeza, ulutsha wakhuthaza iimbono yazala phakathi kwabafundi, kuba athe wagxothwa kwi ukunyanzelisa kayise.

Ubudlelwane kunye nabavukeli

Zubatov Sergey Vasilevich emva ukupheliswa ngenkani izifundo zakhe yaba ngumsebenzi we-ofisi eMoscow. Kodwa okubaluleke nangakumbi umsebenzi wakhe kwithala leencwadi abucala, leyo umlomo Waziqhiwula iincwadi kwegazi. Le abalweli abatsha abangama iindwendwe zalo rhoqo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni rapprochement zabo. Nangona kunjalo Zubatov akazange babelane ngezimvo zabo nezimvo, njengoko ingqalelo ngokwakhe lweli iingcamango Pisarev, ngoxa abahlobo bakhe babelana nathi ngeembono zopolitiko populists. Noko ke, baqhubeka badibane nabanye. Noko ke, ixesha elithile kamva wabanjwa yaye wabekwa kunye nobudlelwane kunye nabavukeli. Ke Zubatov Sergey Vasilevich wathi enyanisweni, lweli ulawulo lwangoku, yaye ukubonisa ubumsulwa bakhe ukumzingela phantsi bonke abo ngendlela enye okanye omnye edibene ngezangqa komhlaba.

Inguqu kwinkonzo ngasese

Ukususela 1886 ukuya 1887 wasebenza phantsi ngesebe lokuzingela phantsi nakwivukela of the People. Ukuthatha ithuba bakuthembe nokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo, Zubatov ludize inani lemisebenzi ezinkulu eentlangano komhlaba. Noko ke, kungekudala phendla isaziso provocateur. omnye amalungu eqela de ndagqiba kwelokuba ambulale. Emva koko, abasemagunyeni bamcela ukuba ngokusesikweni ukuya emapoliseni, apho oko kwenzeka ngo-1889. Lo msebenzi, wathi, nihle naye iingxaki ezinkulu ukuze ngenxa esizonwabisa kwakutshutshiswa iingcamango yotshintsho olululo.

Imisebenzi kwisebe yokhuseleko

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, okanye mandithi, isiqingatha sayo sesibini, waye zebhola of the People kaThixo Will intshukumo, ukwakha imibutho komhlaba lowo walungelelanisa kokubulawa yaye belungiselela yokuvukela abaxhobileyo. Kwimeko ukukhula ibonwe ukuthandwa ngeembono yobusoshiyali ukujongana amalungu iiklabhu efihlakeleyo ukuba lunzima kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo Zubatov asebenza Moscow kwiSebe yamaPolisa, unako ukubavusa umsebenzi wombutho ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Mhlawumbi isizathu sokuba umsebenzi wakhe ngempumelelo usendleleni yokuba wakhetha ukweyisela amanyathelo sazela. Zonke abalweli amabanjwa wayeqhuba umsebenzi yembono, abaninzi nokutsalela ecaleni lakhe, ngoxa abanye ukuthandabuza semthethweni kwindlela abawukhethileyo. Ngenkulungwane ye-19 leminyaka, xa abantu abaselula babekholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba ngoncedo umzabalazo wezigalo bangazuza eRussia. Kodwa Zubatov baqiniseke ukuba le njongo inye kuphunyezwa ngokusebenza kwi ngabasemagunyeni. Ngoko ke wakwazi ukwakha uthungelwano arhente zayo, apho wayesebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngoncedo ezininzi mfihlelo, kuthintele umzamo zaye kuvezwe. Zibandakanye kwimisebenzi efihlakeleyo eMoscow kwakuyingozi. Emva kwethuba Zubatov ngo-1896 yaba amapolisa main mfihlakalo.

Kwi sithuba main

Lo mbutho, yena wayalela, subordinated ngqo kwisebe ezizodwa, eyayiyinxalenye isebe yamapolisa yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Umsebenzi weli candelo yaba yinxalenye ekulweni iingcamango yotshintsho olululo kwilizwe. Kuye benza ukufunda mood ndifunda ulutsha, kweliso abasebenzi, aveze mthetho olungenazipolitiki. Zubatov yasekwa ezenziwa lisebe lakhe imodeli yaseYurophu. Wadala inkqubo arhente basekhaya kodwa angaphandle kuphela. Abantu bakhe babesebenza nje kuphela eMoscow kodwa kulo lonke elo lizwe, zokuzingela phantsi kwaye lwaze iiklabhu komhlaba kunye nemibutho. uphando Political uvusiwe ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha. Ngoko ke, Zubatov wadala iqela elikhethekileyo labaphandi abo bamatasa ekuphawuleni phantsi Abantu kwilizwe liphela. Ngenxa yoko, lo mbutho yatyhilwa kuphela eMoscow kodwa kwikomkhulu, Minsk.

Ingcamango ekudaleni imibutho yabasebenzi zomthetho '

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, abasemagunyeni eMoscow senze intshukumo sabasebenzi. Ukuze kulungiswe le mba Zubatov wayeqhelene uncwadi ezizodwa kwaye bafumanisa ukaba le ngxaki ingasombululwa xa uthatha ulawulo imibutho yabasebenzi '. Ngowe-1898 yena thaca isicwangciso wakhe ngentloko yeprojekthi yamapolisa Trepov waza wafumana imvume yokuqhuba umsebenzi yembono phakathi iimeko disaffected ntweni. Eli nyathelo Zubatov yaba kulandelayo: imfuneko ukuqinisekisa abasebenzi ukuba babe nako ukuphumeza iimfuno zabo kwaye ngurhulumente tsarist, nokuba ukwenzela ukuphucula ubomi babo musa mfuneko ukwenza i revolution kwezentlalo, njengoko kufunwa yi-imfundiso le Marxists. Zubatov wenza ukuze ukubetha ukuba wakwazi ukurhwebesha kwaye baqinisekise inxalenye nokuchaneka ebalulekileyo yale sabasebenzi, yaye wamvumela ukuba liqhubeke kunye nombutho nemibutho yabasebenzi esemthethweni 'phantsi kolawulo abasemagunyeni.

Job eSt Petersburg

Ngowe-1902, kwinqanaba entsha kwiphupha lakhe kwezopolitiko, watshintshelwa eSt Petersburg kunye nentloko yeSebe Special amisiweyo wathi. Ngelo isithuba Zubatov waqeshwa kwi ngesiphakamiso uMphathiswa Interior Plehve, oneenkolelo ezingafaniyo iimbono zakhe kwimfuno iinguqu ezinkulu njengoko iyimiba ukuze kuthintelwe mbuso, kodwa wakubona kufanelekile ukuphathisa kuye esi sikhundla ebalulekileyo. A umsebenzi omtsha Zubatov waqhubeka yokuguqula inkqubo yamapolisa yezopolitiko. Wadala ofisi yokhuseleko ekhethekileyo kulo lonke elo lizwe, Kulohambisa abantu bakhe abanyanisekileyo aziyo iindlela zakhe zokwenza umsebenzi yophando.

ukuba ehle

Ngokwandayo Zubatov wafumana ngesiqu "umcebisi enkundleni." Noko ke, ngonyaka nje kamva ebomini bakhe wathabatha utshintsho engalindelekanga kwaye zingambi kakhulu. Isibakala sokuba yena Plehve nako ukufumana ulwimi eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yokwanda umahluko phakathi kwabo. Zubatov waqhubeka kugxininisa kwimfuneko utshintsho, kwaye ingaphakathi umlungiseleli wayefuna ukuqinisa zocindezelo. Kulo mhlaba inkcaso weni Sergey Witte, kuye de iyelenqe ukushukumisa Pleven. Kodwa ke, isicwangciso uyaziwa, kunye Zubatov nangoko lisuswe e-ofisini yakhe. Waya eMoscow, yaye ukusuka apho waya Vladimir. Emva kokuba ibekwe phantsi elibukhali, yena naye akavumelekanga ukuba enze ukuqhagamshelana kunye noogxa bakhe bangaphambili. Umcebisi inkundla umhlalaphantsi, Noko ke, kwimeko yesiqhelo emva kokubulawa Plehve. UMphathiswa entsha Interior Svyatopolk-Mirsky wayefuna ukubuyela kwi-ofisi, kodwa wala.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Emva kokuba akhululwe, wabuyela eMoscow waza waqalisa imisebenzi journalistic. Uye ipapashwe kwiijenali monarchist, kodwa kamva wangena imbalelwano kunye Burtsev, ngubani abaqondanga ethembeke kakhulu. Yena akuvumelekile ukugcina ulwalamano kunye naye. Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo Zubatov mna engaganwanga kwezopolitiko, bamlandela kuphela uphuhliso. Xa uDavide weva ukuba shela soMhlekazi ngo-1917, ngoko ke wadubula ngokwakhe.

imisebenzi inani

Kwimbali yelizwe lethu, le ndoda weza kwindawo yokuqala, njengoko umququzeleli kunye umdali nemibutho yabasebenzi umsebenzi, injongo ogama wawuza kukhusela iimfuno zabo zomthetho kunye ngoxolo. Iqela lokuqala wasekwa ngo-1901. Kwiincwadi zembali le nto iye ziqukwe phantsi kwegama Zubatov and "Zubatovism", yaye le isiqu isoloko baqonda ngengqiqo yokucukucezwa phakathi kwabantu bexesha lakhe. Noko ke, Sergey waqonda ukuba ixabiso zabokudidi oluphangelayo, bakholwa ukuba ukwanda izimvo yali phakathi oko kunokukhokelela nemiphumo eyingozi. Ngoko ke, wayefuna ukubeka intshukumo owaphuka yiyo phantsi kolawulo amagunya kunye namapolisa. Inxalenye awakwenzayo, kodwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa inkcaso Plehve kwanyanzeleka ukuba bayeke ukusebenza. izenzo zakhe kunye nemibutho badla ngokuba socialism amapolisa, nangona Zubatov omkhanyelayo ethile enjalo. Wathi, phezu koko, uyasokola izimvo yobusoshiyali kwaye ukuthi ukunyuswa yakhe isekelwe imfuneko yophuhliso lwe socialism kunye kwipropati yabucala. Wathi kwakhona ukuba icandelo amapolisa khange idlale indima egwebayo kwimisebenzi yayo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kwafuneka ukuba ube inshorensi ukuba intsebenziswano ngempumelelo ngakumbi kunye nabasemagunyeni. Kunjalo Zubatov wayedla wagxeka ngasekunene nangasekhohlo, nangona ingcaciso yakhe.