Impixano e North and South Korea: kakuhle, isizathu maxesha. Imbali ungquzulwano phakathi North noMzantsi Korea

Namhlanje, phezu yaseKorea Peninsula, ibekwe eMpuma Asia, kukho mazwe mabini - North Korea (DPRK) kunye Republic of Korea. Njani yaye kutheni kwasekwa ezi uthi mabini? Ngaphezu koko, kutheni la mazwe mabini kangaka zahluke enye kwenye yaye yintoni na isizathu intiyo yabo? Malunga konke oko kwenzeke njani ukusuka ekuqaleni, ungquzulwano phakathi North noMzantsi Korea akuthethi ekuhlanganiseni lezi mazwe, funda izinto zethu.

Ukuqala lwekhulu XX. Ekuthatheni Korea ngu Japan

Yintoni ngumongo kwaye apho ungquzulwano imvelaphi yayo uMntla noMzantsi Korea? Impendulo elifutshane le mibuzo akukho lula, kuba iimeko ezakhokelela ukuvela kwezi amazwe amabini, silwe malunga omnye komnye, zasekwa ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo.,

Nkqu ngenkulungwane XIX, Korea yaba umbuso ozimeleyo, kodwa wawa kungena nqanaba elinomdla lamazwe awohlukeneyo, ingakumbi eRashiya, China kunye Japan. Nazo nye kumzabalazo ilungelo lokulawula eKorea. Inxalenye yokugqibela kule ngxabano wadlala War Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905. Ngenxa Japan yakhe lisekiwe ekugqibeleni ubukhulu yayo ekusingasiqithi. Ekuqaleni yaseka Protectorate phezu Korea, ngo-1910 Japan ngokupheleleyo zibandakanya ngaphaya kwemida karhulumente. Ngaloo ndlela ke udale iimeko, kwixesha elizayo, ukuba kwakhokelela kwimfazwe ukuba siyazi kuMzantsi nakuMntla Korea, loo maxesha apho ibalwa ukususela phakathi kwenkulungwane XX.

Ngoko ke, oneminyaka engama-35, de ngokoyiswa Japan kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, Korea wahlala koloni yayo. Kakade ke, ngeli thuba, Korea babezama kwakhona ukuzimela kwawo, kodwa militarist Japan nipped neengcambu zonke ezo nzame.

Ngexesha nkomfa, eyayiqhutyelwa eCairo ngowe-1943, yaxoxa umbuzo malunga amathuba ngamajoni kwingingqi Asia-Pacific. Kakhulu ezinabantu yi Japan, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwixesha elizayo ukunika geqe Korea.

Nokukhululwa Korea, ulwahlule zayimimandla ixesha

Ngowe-1945, imikhosi eManyeneyo lawela yaseKorea Peninsula, ngokulandelelana, imikhosi eSoviet wangena ngasentla kunye US - emzantsi. Kwixesha elizayo, ngenxa yoko, kunye kuMzantsi nakuMntla kwasekwa Korea. Imbali ye ungquzulwano lisukela emva kwisivumelwano phakathi eUnited States eSoviet Union wababela ilizwe zibe kwimimandla ezimbini isigqibo-Japanese uzinikele ngempumelelo ngakumbi. Le okuhlamba olwenziwe 38th parallel, kwaye emva kokuba nokukhululwa yokugqibela Korean Peninsula kubahlaseli Japanese namahlakani baye baqala ukwenza urhulumente senguqu ukuze ukuqhubela ubunye kwiindawo ezisemantla kunye emazantsi kwi imeko elipheleleyo phantsi kobunkokheli emanyeneyo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kulo kwizowuni emazantsi, owayephethe baseMerika, yaye ikomkhulu kwimo yangaphambili Korean - isixeko Seoul. Ukongeza, emazantsi ye Ubuninzi babantu usingasiqithi phantse ezimbini amaxesha ngaphezulu ngasentla, i Kwakunjalo kwezibonelelo zezolimo kunye nezoshishino.

I-USSR kunye United States akakwazi okanye akafuni thethana

Emva koku, ityhileke ingxaki entsha - i-United States kunye eSoviet Union engavumelani kwinkqubo ubunye eli lizwe. Ayehlukile ngemiba emininzi malunga nokurhoxa-mkhosi eManyeneyo ukususela kwiinkqubo Korea, ukhetho, ukuyilwa borhulumente womanyano, njalo njalo. D. Uyazama uvume nantoni na ikhokelele phantse iminyaka emibini. Ngokukodwa, i-eSoviet Union ekuqaleni baphikelela kukuyeka kummandla Korea, onke amabutho angaphandle emva yintoni ukuba kuqhutyelwe amanqaku eseleyo yesicwangciso. America akazange avume lo isiphakamiso, yaye ngehlobo lowe-1947, umbuzo Korean kwi UN kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Mhlawumbi kakuhle eli ungquzulwano phakathi North noMzantsi Korea ekuqaleni Kwabekwa longquzulwano phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu amabini - i-US kunye USSR.

Kodwa njengokuba Melika wayekuthanda inkxaso isininzi samalungu UN, umbuzo Korean yayigqalwa samkelwa ngokwemigaqo ecetywayo yi eUnited States. Ngenxa yoko, i-eSoviet Union abaphikisa, Noko ke, ethandile wagqiba weZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuseka uthumo olukhethekileyo, umsebenzi ogama ukuba ziququzelele ze ziqhube unyulo e Korea. USSR kwaye ulawula abasemagunyeni North Korean bala ukuba iKomishoni UN kwi kwinxalenye esemantla lizwe.

Ukudalwa republic ezimbini ezahlukeneyo nezizimeleyo

Nakubeni imbambano, ngoMeyi 1948 kwintsimi kweliso eUnited States, zibanjwa unyulo ngenxa leyo Obumbe Republic of Korea, okanye - eMzantsi Korea. Ukuze urhulumente, elikhokelwa nguMongameli Syngman Rhee, inkqubo yayo ilawulwa yi ihlabathi Koloni yaye kusetyenzwa ngokusondeleyo ne-United States.

Emva koku, kumntla we-Korean Peninsula ngoAgasti waloo nyaka bazibhala njengoko bekubanjwe unyulo, yaye ngoSeptemba, babhengeza ukusekwa DPRK, ngenye indlela - North Korea. Kulo mzekelo, oko kwasekwa urhulumente pro-wamaKomanisi, elikhokelwa Kim Il Sung. KuMzantsi nakuMntla Korea - ngoko lithi ezimbini macala ezizimeleyo zadalwa. Impixano luqala imfazwe eyalandelayo kwiminyaka emibini kamva.

Emva kokudala la mazwe mabini-United States kunye Soviet Union waqalisa ukurhoxisa amajoni ayo nommandla wabo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngamnye oorhulumente elalisandul 'ukusekwa ekuqaleni wenza ibango ukuba yonke indawo losingasiqithi Korean kwaye yokuzilungiselela ngokwalo njengoko urhulumente kuphela esemthethweni Korea. Ubudlelwane iqina, eli lizwe waqokelela izakhono zalo emkhosini, ungquzulwano phakathi North noMzantsi Korea, kunyuko yaye ngokuthe ngcembe lususwa moya amandla. Ngowe-1949-1950 gg. Saqala ukuba kwenzeka ukungqubana ezincinane ecaleni 38th parallel, emdeni phakathi republic benziwa kamva ocande ngokupheleleyo-scale imfazwe.

Ukuqala yaseKorea kweMfazwe

NgoJuni 25, 1950 impixano ekwinqanaba elisezantsi e North noMzantsi Korea ngcembe kwakhula ukulwa enzima. Amaqela ngokufanayo bathi omnye yokuhlaselwa, kodwa namhlanje Kuthathwa ukuba umhlaseli North Korea. kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa kwaye kwacaca ukuba umkhosi North Korean likhulu kakhulu njengotshaba wakhe, ngenxa yokuba ngomhla wesihlanu imfazwe, wakwazi ukuba Seoul. I-United States nangoko waya uncedo yelasezantsi, kwakunye UN lasungula iphulo ityala apho North Korea ngenxa ndlongo, ebiza kuluntu ngamazwe ukunika inkxaso yomkhosi South Korea ukuze ukubuyisela ukhuseleko kule ngingqi.

Ngenxa yoko yokubandakanywa iiyunithi yaseMelika, yaye emva kwabo namabutho, simanyene phantsi kokhuselo lwe-UN, ningavisisani uMntla noMzantsi Korea, i-South Army yakwazi liqulathe utshaba ekhubekisayo. Oku kwalandelwa ekhawuntaleni uxambuliswano kwi kummandla North Korea, nto leyo ekhokelele ekubeni ukuqukwa kwi iiyunithi ntliziyo imfazwe Chinese. I-USSR naye inkxaso zomkhosi ngenxa North Korea, yaye kungekudala lommandla zokulwa iye kwakhona safudukela emazantsi eli lizwe.

Isiphumo yaseKorea kweMfazwe

Emva kwenye counter-ukuhlasela umkhosi South Korean nozimanya yena imikhosi ngamazwe UN ngoJulayi 1951 ekugqibeleni imfazwe waya 38th parallel, ahambe iminyaka emibini kwaqhubeka kulo ingozi ezilandelayo. Kungekudala kwacaca ukuba iindleko ngokuphumelela naziphi na amaqela alwayo kungaba kukhulu kakhulu, ngoko amalungiselelo kaJulayi 27 kuthula. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba isivumelwano sokuyeka ukulwa kwelinye icala iingqwayi utyikitye DPRK neChina, kwelinye - eUnited States phantsi kwe UN iflegi. Kulo mzekelo, eUnited States kodwa iyigcine ubukho yasemkhosini eMzantsi Korea.

imithombo eyahlukeneyo ingxelo amanani ezingafani phezu ilahleko zamaqela, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ungquzulwano phakathi uMntla noMzantsi Korea, kodwa singatsho kakuhle ukuba ezi ilahleko zazibalulekile. Kwakhona, oluninzi umonakalo kumazwe zombini, njengoko mlo phantse kwi sele yenziwe wonke ummandla kwelo lizwe. YaseKorea kweMfazwe waba enyanisweni kuyinxalenye yentlanganisela eziqale phakathi XX ngenkulungwane ye Cold War.

Relations phakathi kwamazwe kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XX

Emva kwemfazwe, ungquzulwano ekusingasiqithi of North noMzantsi Korea ke zidluliselwe kurhulumente zibambene. Amazwe emaqandeni kuqhubeka ukuba baphathane ngononophelo kwaye engathembi, kwaye kuphela ngokuchasene nentsukaphi lwabafowunelwa nokumisa phakathi eUnited States China ziye zaphucuka noko, kwaye ukuzalana North ne-South.

Ngowe-1972, ingxelo edibeneyo yasayinwa amazwe, ngako oko ke waqalisa umanyano esekelwe kwimigaqo zencoko zoxolo, ukuzimela, ngaphandle ukuthembela imikhosi yangaphandle. Noko ke, bambalwa abantu bakholelwa ekubeni kungenzeka kokudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo ithi ibe nye, ngenxa yokuba unobangela kwimpixano uMntla noMzantsi Korea ke inxenye ilele ukungavumelani kwe kolawulo zezopolitiko kunye nemigaqo yolawulo. Ngoko ke, lo DPRK ecetywayo kwindlela yokudala Confederation phantsi formula "omnye ilizwe, omnye uhlanga -. Oorhulumente ezimbini kunye neenkqubo ezimbini"

Ngo-1990 i migudu ezintsha rapprochement sele zenziwe. Kulo mba, amazwe yamkela uthotho izivumelwano ezintsha, kuquka isiVumelwano kwi noXolelwaniso, Non-ndlongo kunye nentsebenziswano efanayo, kwakunye Sobumbano ngomhla Denuclearization of yaseKorea Peninsula. Noko ke, emva kokuba amalinge uxolo DPRK ke kaninzi ukufumana iinjongo ukuba bafumane izixhobo zenyukliya, akukho nto nje inkxalabo enzulu ezivela kuluntu jikelele, ingakumbi eUnited States.

Relations phakathi kwamazwe amabini namhlanje

NgoJuni 2000, uyincopho lokuqala inter-Korean, apho amanyathelo alandelayo athathwa ngayo ukuhlangabezana. Ngokutsho iziphumo zalo Juni 15 Head of the Republic watyikitya Declaration Joint phakathi North noMzantsi, elisuke laba ngokuhamba elide uxwebhu nokungundoqo ngezingxaki umbutho woluntu Korean elinde ukuba phantse sisiqingatha senkulungwane. ukufezekisa begazi, 'imikhosi besizwe Korean ngokwayo "Ukubhengezwa udize iinjongo zamaqela.

Ngo-Oktobha 2007, lo mcimbi kwintlanganiso elandelayo inter-Korean, iyinto eyazala ukusayinwa amaxwebhu amatsha, qhubeka nokuphuhlisa imigaqo ebekwe Joint Declaration of 2000. Noko ke, le ngongquzulwano uMntla noMzantsi Korea kukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe amabini kuhlala eguqukayo kwaye luphawulwa ngamaxesha ezinegalelo kwingeniso kunye slumps.

exacerbation Periodic kobudlelwane

Imizekelo ukuqhubela phambili kwale meko ekusingasiqithi unxulunyaniswa uvavanyo yenyukliya komhlaba okuqhubekayo North Korea, njengokuba kuye kwenzeka ngo-2006 no-2009. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, le nezenzo DPRK yabangela noqhankqalazo hayi kuphela eMzantsi Korea - uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuchasene imisebenzi zenyukliya, kwaye iBhunga lezoKhuseleko UN izigqibo eziliqela baye bamkelwa, kufuna ukuba iintetho ngokutsha kwi denuclearization kweli lizwe.

Impixano e North noMzantsi Korea ngokuphindaphindiweyo agalelwa kukungafani axhobileyo, leyo, Kakade ke, bawafaka nganeno ngaseludinini ekuweni amazwe lobuzalwana inkqubo theory. Umzekelo, Matshi 25, 2010 kufutshane nomda North Korean kuLwandle Yellow yasha kwaye zitshone wenqanawa yokulwa South Korea, nto leyo ebangela ukufa 46 oomatiloshe. South Korea icala North Korea ekwaphukeni enqanaweni, kodwa North wakhanyela ityala lakhe. NgoNovemba ka nyaka kwakukho isiganeko enkulu lwezigalo kumgca Imida kulo, apho amaqela kwananwe neziqhushumbisi efanayo. Kwakungekho abafayo, kuquka nabafileyo.

Ngaphezu kwako konke, North Korea kakhulu ingqalelo phambi US kwi emazantsi eli lizwe. US noMzantsi Korea, ezo emanyene elide, hlale ukuqhuba imisebenzi zomkhosi ukuphendula koko, i-North liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wenza iingxelo elikhulu, basabisa ukusebenzisa amandla kwaye ukubeka kuhlaselo enomjukujelwa phezu US iziseko zomkhosi ibekwe kwi kumazantsi eli lizwe kunye Ocean, kwakunye nezwekazi US.

izinto zanamhlanje

Ngo-Agasti 2015, kwakhona mandundu ungquzulwano phakathi North noMzantsi Korea. Ngokufutshane, ibinzwe zokudubula emsebenzini kummandla North Korea. Injongo uhlaselo, ngokweengxelo ezivela Pyongyang, baba izithethi apho i-South olwenziwe ubuxoki nxamnye North. Kwelinye icala, e-Seoul ibotshelelwe ezi zenzo ukuze amajoni ezimbini Republic of Korea ukuba zingaphaphatheki kutshanje ngomoya wam, kusolwa otyalwe saboteurs North Korean. Emva banikana izityholo macala amaqela, urhulumente DPRK umnwe inyathelo zomkhosi ukuba kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-48 abasemagunyeni boMzantsi Korea akazange eze ezingqondweni zabo kwaye uyeke ubuxoki anti-North Korean.

Amajelo kule ndaba iye eninzi buzz, abahlalutyi kunye izazinzulu zezopolitiko va yendyebo ngeenkolelo malunga amathuba ukuqala kukumelana inter-Korean omtsha, kodwa ekugqibeleni amaqela bakwazi ukuthethana ze ukusombulula yonke ngoxolo. Umbuzo: ngokuba ixesha elingakanani? Kwaye uya kuba yintoni umthombo elilandelayo zongquzulwano phakathi North noMzantsi Korea, kwakunye neziphumo omnye ukunyuka?

Akuthandeki ukuba namhlanje sinako ukuqikelela ukuba kwixesha elizayo uya ukuphuhlisa ubudlelwane of North noMzantsi Korea. Ngaba abantu kula mazwe ukuba ukusombulula oku ngengqiqo, yongquzulwano yangaphakathi, singasathethi ke ithemba yokumanya kumazwe zibe bengatshatanga? Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane ezipaswe ukusukela ngo yaseKorea kweMfazwe, abantu yaseKorea mazahlulwe phakathi kweentlanga ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, nganye abunjwe ngokupheleleyo yaye ngoku inencasa yayo kunye nengqondo. Nokuba bekwazi ukuxolelana zonke izithuko, sekunjalo akuyi kuba lula ukufumana ulwimi olufanayo. Noko ke, sinqwenela kuzo zonke efanayo - uxolo kunye nokuqonda.