Ngoobani aba Roma? Imvelaphi "angaqondakali baseYiputa"

Ngowe XIV-XV eminyaka. eYurophu kwakukho abantu amadlelo eyaziwa ngokuba Gypsies, imvelaphi, ulwimi kunye nendlela yokuphila iye ibisoloko ingaziwa. nooyise babo bashiya ngasemva imbali ebhaliweyo, ukwenzela ukuba imvelaphi yabantu bekukho iingcamango ezahlukileyo. Wayebonakala ukuba unyashiweyo bokubhadula obungunaphakade, kwaye impucuko eyahlukileyo.

Gypsies saa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ke ingafunyanwa kwilizwekazi ngalinye, kodwa azimchazi ngokwenyani ukuba mix nabanye abantu. Nkqu inani Roma akazange ukusetha kumazwe athile. Ngemvelaphi ye-Roma basoloko wazama ukucacisa iingcamango ezitenxileyo, ebajonga bayinzala kumaYiputa amandulo, amaYuda isiJamani, ukukhankanya nkqu abemi edume Atlantis.

Ukuvela nezinye ngcamango ujungujungu ukusuka imiba engaphuhliswanga entsonkothileyo ezizwe kunye nembali elikhulu iqela ligcuntswana uhlanga eYurophu, yona i-Roma. Imvelaphi yabantu kuza iinguqulelo phantsi ezintathu ezisisiseko. Theory Iingcambu Asian inkxaso Anri De Sponda ukuba wasinxibelelanisa Roma kunye alihlelo attingan ephakathi. Abaphengululi abaninzi baye bathi oku abantu kwisizwe Asia Minor sigginov, ababalulwa ababhali bamandulo uStrabo, nguHerodotus kunye nabanye. Imfundiso imvelaphi somYiputa lowo enye yokuqala, zivela kwinkulungwane XV. Kwaye ke Roma yokuqala ngokwabo ukusasaza ezi ntsomi ziye kufika e-Europe. Le nguqulelo ixhasa abaphengululi IsiNgesi bathi Roma endleleni eya eYurophu baye batyelela ilizwe iiphiramidi, apho bafumana ulwazi lwabo olungapheliyo kunye nezakhono kwicandelo dexterity manual, nokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi.

Imfundiso imvelaphi Indiya inzondo kwinkulungwane XVIII. Isiseko sale nguqulo ukufana phakathi ulwimi Indian kunye nolwimi oluthethwa Roma. Imvelaphi yabantu beli liqulathwe ngoku yamkelwe phantse jikelele. Belukhuni umbuzo zalapha e-India kwiminyanya Roma kunye nexesha ngqo yokuphuma kwabo kweli lizwe.

Le ubumbaxa yomthombo ukuvela kwabantu lisoloko edibene kwenkcazo yegama elithi "Roma", imvelaphi igama isoloko kubonwa hayi njengento yobuhlanga kwakunye abanawo. Igama imithombo eyahlukeneyo "Roma" lisetyenziswa kumaqela zentlalo labemi, bephila ubomi abhadulayo, obubonakala ngokuba neempawu ezifanayo inkcubeko eziphathekayo kunye neendlela ezithile yomsebenzi ophilileyo, ezifana nokuxela ithamsanqa, yezandla ezincinane, iingoma kunye imidaniso, becela, kunye nabanye.

Eneneni, Roma, mosaic yeqondo eliphantsi ehlabathini lonke, non-uniform kumafa wayo, kwaye akusoloko kulula ukuqonda ukuba mkhulu umahluko phakathi kwabo. Zahlula-hlulwe eziliqela amaqela eentlanga, ezo zizakubalulwa umsebenzi, iintetho kunye nezinye iimpawu nobuhlanga nenkcubeko yasekuhlaleni. yabo yokuphila zemveli ukuba zingathathwa ngokuba uhlobo ukuthandana ukutshintsha iindawo okanye neyokudinga rambling zavela. Indlela yokuphila yabantu yayisekelwe ngezizathu yezoqoqosho. Kwafuneka ukuba sijonge rhoqo yeemarike intengiso iTabhore amagcisa, abaphulaphuli entsha ngokusebenza kwabo.

nabo Ethno-yenkcubeko iqela elithile kwawo nabantu ezingqongileyo kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho inani lemali-mboleko. An into umdla kukuba i-Roma azikho ezikhawulezayo ukushiya kwiindawo ezihlala abantu, nokuba ibetha kwemiqathango ngokwanelisayo nezinzima. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba abantu ukubatshutshisa abantu kumazwe amaninzi. Kodwa nkqu phakathi nemibutho ugonyamelo, kukho lonke , amaqela uhlanga ukwazile ukusinda. Oku endleni eSpeyin, ahlala eJamani, trevelers eNgilani.

Nangona ukuvela kwawo yamaKatolika West neziphumo ukwamkelwa imithetho ethinjelwe eseByzantium ukuba akasayi kwamkelwa liSebe nawuphi na umthetho onjalo. Oku kwaziswa gqitha iingcibi, iinkosi yokujongwa metal, abantu ophethe Sciences ubugqi, umqeqeshi.

ERashiya, ukuvela amaqela amatsha nobuhlanga Gypsies edityaniswa ukwanda ntsimi. Ngowe-1783, ngokutsho kummiselo uCatherine II Russian Roma ayethunyelwa kwiklasi umlimi, baza bayalelwa ukuba abize irhafu kunye nemisebenzi efanelekileyo. On isicelo, ke nabo bavunyelwa ukuba bafakele bona kunye nezinye izindlu kodwa amanene. Ngoko ke, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX phakathi komthengisi kunye yoohlohlesakhe klasi ezininzi Gypsies Russian.

Kwinkulungwane XIX kwakukho inkqubo uthotho ukuhlanganiswa kwawo eRashiya, ukulungisa zabo indawo esisigxina, ngenxa ukuphucula intlalo-ntle zemali iintsapho zabo. ubuciko Natural, nto leyo wendele abaninzi kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, itsale ingqalelo ngokwenene kwaba bantu. ukuthandana Russian, yenziwa Roma, bafumana umbala owahlukileyo. Kwakukho uhlobo angamaGypsy romance esekelwe abaqambi Russian kunye iimbongi, bayayithanda le nkcubeko. Oku kwaqala ukuvela umaleko abaculi abaziingcali.