Prussia - oku ... Kingdom of Prussia. History of Prussia

Prussia - le yenye yezona ngokwembali ingacaci States yezwekazi Europe. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka uRhulumente kanye enamandla iflegi olumanyanisa lonke eJamani. Kwelinye - ebukumkanini abazange abadala kuphela, kodwa ndinyuka. Lizwe itshitshisiwe emva kokuwa Wesithathu kunye ngaphambili ubunzima phantsi Teutons kwedyokhwe. Loluphi uhlobo yelifa uye wasishiya imbali Prussia?

indawo okuyo

Ngokungafaniyo amazwe ezininzi Old yeHlabathi, Prussia kwimaphu Benindifunela izizathu kuphela yezopolitiko. ulwimi lwezandla, kangangokuba yokumisela kwamanye amazwe, iqeshe embi kakhulu, ngathi jikelele kwi kwinkcubeko German kweli lizwe.

Kubalulekile ukuba Prussia wayedlala kuLwandle lweBaltic, ibekwe ngasentla kweli lizwe. Yaba zokuhlala yokuqala ukuvela apho. Ukutyhubela imbali Prussia, imida ziye zaguquka izihlandlo ezininzi - ukusuka (noko) duchy oluncinane kwindawo engundoqo ye-Second Reich of Bismarck.

Esona baphenjelelwa kumazwe angabamelwane Prussia - (abazalwana igazi Lithuanians Prussians ngaphezu amaJamani) Lithuania, kunye Poland. Le yesibini wakha ubuqhinga ezininzi kumntla-ntshona ummelwane wayo ngexesha inkululeko yayo. Poland uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo subjugates nommandla wayo.

Fumana ilizwe engundoqo karhulumente kwabafileyo, Prussia, ke ngoku umfanekiso. Basonta Russian Federation nommandla Kaliningrad na. iziko layo - kuba yinto Kenigsberg endala, 1946 eyaziwa ngokuba Kaliningrad.

Amaxesha amandulo

A indima enkulu kakhulu ukuvela Prussia, kwakunye kuyo yonke imbali yaseYurophu, wayedlala inkokeli Huns, Attila. Yeyona imbonakalo ubukhosi bakhe wenziwe abaphila kunxweme estiev kuLwandle lweBaltic. We wabhala ngabo ababhali nokuba yamandulo. Estii ushiye intsimi simahla Prussians, lowo ngaphambili ahlala kuphela sikhokelo ye-Kaliningrad yanamhlanje.

History of Prussia kwifomu apho sisazi namhlanje, kunokwenzeka ngaphandle imbonakalo abazalwana baseJamani kunye Iuni Videvuda hayi. khona yabo imibuzo, kodwa ke ubukho nabalawuli owadala isizwe kuluntu obomeleleyo ubudlelwane kuphuhliswa kwezentlalo wakha amandla nkqo, ucacisa kukunyuka okukhwankqisayo kuphuhliso Prussia kaThixo. Ngenxa yoko, isithethe zenkcubeko baba abazalwana amaJamani, hayi iintlanga basondeleyo - imiqobo kunye Lithuanians.

lobuKristu

ubulawuli encinane Polish kwinkulungwane XI, oko uzama ukwandisa amazwe azo ngenxa Prussians yobuhedeni. Noko ke, baba abameli yimpumelelo gqitha. Mhlawumbi indawo Prussia wahlala simahla ukusuka feudal eYurophu imidlalo, ukuba ngaphantsi benze yeyobuKristu (xa isimemo amanene Polish kunye intsikelelo lobuqu Pope), kwakungayi kuba angene Order edume leTeutonic.

Order Lithuanian got imeko yabo, nto leyo eye baxhotyiswa ngokupheleleyo ukuphumeza yeyobuKristu lwabemi lobuhedeni zaphumela Prussians iphanga, ukungcungcuthekiswa kunye nobundlobongela.

ukwandiswa yommandla

Ngenxa amandla amandla esebenzayo ngqo Teutons kunye nokufunxwa kwezinye nemiyalelo zokulwa, zandiswa ne-Prussia kwimaphu ngokwayo. Ngaxa lithile, uninzi lwamazwe lweBaltic behlelo imeko Order leTeutonic.

Ngaphakathi ilizwe ukuba urhulumente ngqongqo yamaKatolika makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, ukuqhubela phambili enkulu igunya yobufundisi. Enyanisweni, i-Order leTeutonic zingeniswe (via iNkosi) ukuya Pope, ngoko ke urhulumente phantsi kolawulo ngokupheleleyo eVatican.

Ukudala umbuso

De kwinkulungwane yeshumi wayekho imo Order leTeutonic. Oku kwakhokelela iimfazwe ezininzi - ngamanye amaxesha nempumelelo, ekwandiseni imo yabo, kodwa kufutshane amxesha nangoku, encinane ngakumbi Teutons kwi edabini.

Ingakumbi sina ukoyiswa kwazo kwiMfazwe iminyaka elishumi 'nxamnye Poland. Oko kwaba igalelo sokugqibela leTeutonic uMyalelo - umnqweno ukugcina amandla ukubaleka baphume nengqumbo Pope. Master Albreht Brandenburgsky yamkelwa ubuProtestanti, apho Prussia waba imeko yehlabathi. Kwakhona waba ingumbuso yokumkani Polish. Owayesakuba Master wenza izinto ezininzi luncedo kurhulumente. Umzekelo, uhlaziyo lwentlalo waza wavula eyunivesithi yokuqala. Ukongeza, Bulelani kuye, Prussia - oku ke umbuso wokuqala kwimbali ukholo lubalaseleyo obuProtestanti ngokusemthethweni.

Duchy of Prussia zange kube kudala - unyana ka Albrecht yabonakala abagulayo kwaye emva kokufa kukayise wakhe nako ukuthatha itrone, waza ke ngesiquphe waza wafa. Indlalifa ecaleni Duchy waba ngukumkani Polish.

Prussia Kingdom ku Poland

Ukuba ekuchithweni kwayo ilizwe elitsha, umlawuli yokucinga, yintoni uya kuba na Prussia. umbuso Kwabonakala ukhetho best, ekubeni ukwanda kakhulu ekukhuliseni kumkani. Ngoku ke irhuluneli kabini.

Njengalo naluphi na ubukumkani ngaphakathi ubukumkani Prussia inkululeko kakhulu. Kwakufuneka nemithetho yayo siqu, inkundla yayo. Nkqu umkhosi wakhe yasebenza ngokwahlukeneyo Polish. Ukongeza, ummandla ngurhulumente lakhula ngokukhawuleza, njengoko uKumkani Prussia azi - nje behlanganisene kuye ngenkxaso enamandla kwaye bomelele, babe phambi Poland aze abuyele iingcambu zawo German.

Noko ke, eqatha ezinjalo angafunekiyo. Ngexesha lokusekwa imeko German ka-Prussia indlela Poland ilwa Sweden, yaye kwakufuneka uncedo namahlakani. Brandenburg, Prince Frederick William I wavuma ukuba angambole- isandla kubamelwane, ukuba afumana Prussia - ilizwe elo, njengoko kwasondeza inkulu German, ndandicinga ukuba German lomthonyama, nto leyo ethetha ukuthi amandla ayo.

Ngesi senzo wabumba ubulawuli laseBrandenburg-Prussia, leyo limiselwe ukudlala indima enkulu kubomi kwezopolitiko elizayo Europe.

umbuso Independent Prussia

Ngenxa yemizamo yabo, yaye ilifa nonyana kayise INkosana Brandenburg, babawa umhlaba ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye kunye nabo kunye nempembelelo, ebekwe. Frederick I wenyuka itrone ngo 1701, ebonisa ukuba ihlabathi ukuba Prussia - ngoku bubukumkani elizimeleyo.

Isifingo iphezulu yembali Prussia wawa phezu kwibhodi Frederick. Yena kuseyinto enye ookumkani enkulu eYurophu, njengoko waba iinguqu ezininzi - kwaqinisa uqoqosho Prussia, ngoko nguNondyebo waba ithuba ukuxhasa umkhosi izibalo ngeenkwenkwezi. Waye utshintsho olukhulu kwimfundo, izixhobo karhulumente kunye nemicimbi zomkhosi.

Ngenxa inani elikhulu iimfazwe bengenelela uKumkani Prussia ngenxa yesizathu esithile oko kuyimfuneko, yimimango kumazwe ezintsha kunye ezintsha ilizwe lakhe, ukudala Prussians igama njengenye iintlanga aziintloko World Old. Kuphela kanye boyisiwe Prussia - wathabatha Russian Empire ngokwakhe yinxalenye kwiBaltic emva kokoyiswa edabini nxamnye nayo ebudeni beminyaka esixhenxe War. Noko ke, le ukoyiswa wayengekho ngqongqo - sivumelwano uxolo phakathi Frederick II noPetros III ilizwe wabuyela Prussia kungekudala.

Ngelishwa, emva imbali enamandla emva ngokunyamalala ngokukhawuleza. Ukumkani omtsha, uFrederick II, ayikwazanga yiba negunya phezu karhulumente elikhulu kangaka. ulawulo sakhe kakhulu buthathaka Prussia, kodwa unyana wakhe nyangweni ilahleko lokugqibela indima ephambili Prussia e-Europe.

Kodwa kwakhona tumbuluxeke nzima kakhulu. King of Prussia engomelele Ezincwadini yomkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo. Yena amanzi endleleni yayo karhulumente ngamnye. Emva kokuba era Napoleonic Prussia kwabuyiselwa kwiindawo ezincinane kakhulu, kwaye kwabonakala ukuba wayemiselwe ukuba aphile ubomi bakhe ukugqiba ilahleko sokumiswa, ukuba ...

umbuso German

Omkhulu, Otto von Bismarck, Isimanga, waba Prussia. Nge imbonakalo yakhe kwi imeko yezopolitiko ukuyeka ukubiza amagama ookumkani Prussia - ngoku ke musa ukudlala indima kuthelekiswa kwi "Intsimbi Chancellor".

Bismarck waba ngumlungiseleli-owayengumongameli Prussia, yaye fan ukufunda ingcamango karhulumente elimanyeneyo waseJamani. Ngelo xesha kwabonakala kungenakwenzeka - kwintsimi German ingqamana elinesibini usilwa ithi ezincinane kodwa omnye buthathaka Austria. Noko ke, Bismarck ibingayi kuba inkokeli enkulu ukuba akazange abe isicwangciso esicacileyo aliguquguquki.

Step ngenyathelo, oko zenyuse amandla Prussia, esilwa Denmark nokukhetha nommandla wayo. Bismarck kwakufuneka kuphela namkhusane nokuhlaselwa Austria, waza wajika waya - ungquzulwano ngumkhosi Italy kwakhokelela kwimfazwe yeeveki ezisixhenxe phakathi Austria ne-Prussia, leyo baphela komdibaniso-21 ithi German kunye nokudalwa uBukhosi German. King of Prussia, UWilhelm Ndaba Kaiser kunye Bismarck - Chancellor wakhe.

UMbuso German iye yaba lelinye lamazwe eziphambili ehlabathini. Not indima mncinane kumafa yayo ahlala Prussia. Kingdom iye zitshone zisabonakala, kodwa wacela Prussians isandi zenkcubeko nezopolitiko bukhosi.

Ngelishwa, uWilliam II akazange kangaka ejongelwe kwixesha elide elizayo wezopolitiko. Wamsusa Bismarck e-ofisini, waza waqala ukuqhuba epheleleyo imigaqo-ngendeb 'endala, yaye izele ziingongoma ezinamandla kwamanye ndlongondlongo. Babelwe yaseRussia kunye British Crown, wayiqhubela Germany ngabodwa.

Le micimbi ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ezingundoqo ukuqala leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, emva koko Reich Second wawa ngonaphakade. Novemba Uprising ezifeleyo, eJamani, Prussia, okwenza enye ithi ezincinane zizimeleyo kwanyanzeleka ukuba uhlawule umzali wabo omkhulu.

Kodwa njengokuba kusoloko kusenzeka kwimbali eJamani, xa babekulungele aphelise imbali bengatshatanga le chroniclers, ubuntu obutsha ivela elundini, nto leyo umiselwe ukuba ndawonye macala onke amaJamani.

I wesithathu Reich

Njengenxalenye Reich Okwesithathu, Prussia waba ngomnye wemimandla engundoqo.

Nangona isibakala sokuba uHitler akazange enze kulwahlulo eJamani, umnyinyiva yayenzelwe kulo mmandla.

In a joint lwamaNazi-karhulumente Prussia yafumana ukuzimela, kodwa kwaba nje ephepheni. Enyanisweni intloko ukuzimela kwakungu uHitler okanye enye iintloko Reichstag - kuya ngosuku oluthile.

Uthando Wesithathu e Prussia ekugqibeleni kweso imida geqe. Ngoku ke inxalenye eJamani, nemali yayo yangaphambili - Berlin - kudala bayeka ukuba ezinxulumene nayo.

Emva ngokoyiswa kweJamani kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II yinxalenye yommandla Prussia, kuquka Königsberg ubudala, aluthuthele ngaphandle USSR. Ezinye intsimi wahlala saseGDR kunye FRG.

Prussia ekupheleni yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi

Prussia 1945 ngonyaka elide zimelwe nto. Njengelizwe eyahlukileyo akazange ayisekho nkqu kwithiyori, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukulahlekelwa eJamani. Ngokuba ilanga olwalubekwe omnye iintlanga ezininzi ezinamandla eYurophu. Okanye phambi kwethu elindele ithuba elilelakhe entsha engalindelekanga? Ngapha koko, ngaphambi kokufika Prussia Bismarck kwangaphambili efanayo.

ngenxa

Prussia - le yenye amaphepha ixakayo kwimbali German. Urhulumente, leyo wabeka isiseko ngobukho wesimanje federal eJamani, enyanisweni, yaba imali elizimeleyo emangalisayo elifutshane ixesha.

Noko ke, ngalo lonke ixesha xa Prussia kwimaphu wabuya, nkqu zincinane-of imida yayo, kodwa njalo kubonisa ukuba yena nguye Amandla ayinyaniso eJamani, intliziyo yayo nobuchopho.

Ngandlel 'ibali kwakhona bafumana namona isigqebelo - Prussians, abahlali kumazwe eBaltic, esiye kwaziwe ukuba Lithuanians kwaye Estonia, amaJamani agqithiseleyo amaJamani bona. Le mfihlelo kwembali Prussia, kodwa, ingakumbi, kunye nomdla wayo - kule uloyiso ezingapheliyo, laloyisa kumzabalazo kunye zango.