Uguquko Speransky

iinguqu Speransky baba wammisa ngokwenene iinguqu zikarhulumente ekuqaleni kobukumkani Alexander I. Le unyana wombingeleli elula kuloo lali, wabeka eninzi imisebenzi ukuze abe igqwetha ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwaye wenze umsebenzi zezilwanyana zolawulo.

Ngowe-1807 Speransky sele wayengomnye bantu kufutshane umlawuli, phantse incoko ngemihla kunye naye, yaxoxa iprojekthi inguqu. umbono wakhe wayesoloko izigqibo ngokuba Alexander I ekukhetheni abaviwa isikhundla eburhulumenteni. Kwakhona nabagxeki ababekholelwa ukuba awubone ukuthanda umlawuli, kwaye ulawula Russia. Kodwa ke eneneni yena nje, nakuba nesiphiwo, landela imiyalelo Alexander I. iimbono Political Speransky azakubalulwa ekungaqinisekwanga efanayo njengoko izimvo soMhlekazi ngokwakhe. Kwelinye icala, babefuna ukwenza eRashiya kwilizwe laseYurophu ngokwenene, yaye kwelinye - ukuqonda ukuba lizwe ayikho alungele utshintsho ngokukhawuleza. Speransky, njengoko fan kukaNapoleon kunye neengcinga zakhe, wayekholelwa ukuba kwilizwe kunye nokwanda yabemi ngenkani kubakho umbuzo we neNgonyama ngokwenene. Noko ke, wabona kananjalo ukuba ukucombulula kakhulu umbuzo yamahlwempu luxhomekeke ekubeni amandla yedwa soMhlekazi, ngoko babeziphatha ngokuqaphela okukhulu.

Lo Endliwa utshintsho kwezopolitiko Speransky ize ingeniswe kwi umlawuli kuphela ngo-1809. Kwiprojekthi omtsha, uYesu wabonisa ukuba ngenxa yeenguqu oko lawuzamazamisayo eYurophu, utshintsho baseRashiya ayikwazi kulibazisa na ngakumbi.

ikakhulu Reform Speransky oluchaphazelekayo esekungcoleni eziliqela amasebe karhulumente (yenkundla, yesigqeba, yowiso-mthetho) kunye intlanganiso likaRhulumente Koti kunye nolawulo amagunya enkundla lonyulo. Kwakhona ingqalelo ukubaluleka kakhulu kwendalo kweBhunga State, oludityaniswe omnye komnye yaye amalungu esembindini zolawulo emhlabeni kunye nomlawuli. iinguqulelo Speransky, Noko ke, ukulobola ezi imizimba amatsha kuphela inxaxheba kwiingxoxo. Baya kuba nafuthe igunya soMhlekazi.

Speransky guqula bakhe, silinene eligugileyo, Kakade ke, baba kuphela lweli. Kubo baba abanumzana, ngendlela endilisekileyo-nye. Le utshintshwano babona ingozi kwindawo zabo kunye nenkqubo feudal yedwa ngokubanzi. Umbhali-mbali kunye nombhali N. M. Karamzin, njengoko ideologist engundoqo babebambelele, thaca * kuKhesare inqaku apho wambuza (kwaye wade wasincamela) ukulondoloza umyalelo omdala, ukuze ngaloo ndlela ukugcina lobuzwilakhe kunye serfdom.

iinguqu Speransky kwakhona wadibana nayo ngakwicala Count A. A. Arakcheeva, kufutshane Alexander I. Graf, ngokuchasene noko, wayekholelwa ukuba ukuze komelezwe amandla umlawuli kufuneka ukuba kuphuhliswe inkqubo ekhoyo ingenalo novelwano. Umzabalazo phakathi babebambelele kunye benkululeko baphela ngokoyiswa wamva. ideologue labo yasuswa kwimicimbi karhulumente, athumela ekuthinjweni.

iinguqu Speransky yaphunyezwa umba omnye kuphela: ngo-1810, saseka iBhunga State. Luquka abalungiseleli kunye nezinye izidwangube ukuya kwindawo soMhlekazi ngokwakhe. Imisebenzi IBhunga likaRhulumente yayiquka iintlanganiso malunga nophuhliso kwemithetho emitsha kunye ukutyhilwa amaxabiso imithetho eyamkelweyo. Kwakhona benza ukwabiwa kwemali phakathi kwabaphathiswa, aBaphathiswa ngokutsha iingxelo zonyaka, phambi kokuba ngokubanika kumlawuli. Le misebenzi wagcinela iBhunga of State de 1906.

Ngokubanzi, iinguqu ezenziweyo kweli lizwe ukususela 1802 ukuya kunyaka 1811 ayizange iguquke uhlobo inkqubo yayo yezopolitiko. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, baye benza izixhobo karhulumente nokuba zangaphakathi ngakumbi. Amandla ephakamileyo lomthetho nelesigqeba lazola umlawuli.