Le ngxaki ye-Provisional kaRhulumente ngo-1917: Uludwe. Ezintathu engunobambiso Government of the ntlekele

1917 ukuba iRussia Kwakunzima kakhulu kunye noxanduva. Iziganeko ezenzekayo Petrograd, yayibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa ngakumbi lwelizwe lwexesha elizayo. udlame Isonka, imiboniso kunye irallie ngokuchasene inyathelo emkhosini, yaye ngenxa yoko - wahliswa uMlawuli Nicholas II, ngubani ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi, yena asiyeke. Ngoko ukuyeka ibhodi uhlobo i Romanov ubukhosi. Kwasekwa uRhulumente lokuqala lwethutyana. Waba usihlalo walo Prince Georgy eLvov. Urhulumente wexeshana wanika Russia le nkcazelo, njengako apho amabanjwa ezopolitiko afumana uxolelo lwaqhutywa yotshintsho of local self-government, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuba amalungelo oluntu.

Eli nqaku liza kuqwalasela ngeentlekele ye Provisional kaRhulumente ngo-1917, le theyibhile kukuba ukuqonda ngcono nazo ezi zinto zokufunda thaca. Inyaniso kukuba, nangona zonke iinzame zabo, urhulumente omtsha nako ukumelana ukunganeliseki ebantwini. Abantu sizimisele ukutshintsha ubomi babo, inkqubo sele liqalile, kwaye ungathanda nje ukuba akazange kumile. Oku isifundo sifundiselwa kwimbali eklasini abafundi kwi-9 kwibakala, kuba iya kuba luncedo ukuba baphonononge abadala ibhrashi phezu neziganeko loo minyaka.

Zonke isenzo senzeka 1917 emva ngomnyaka. Kwakukho 3 likaRhulumente engunobambiso le ntlekele. Khumbula ukuba unobangela sidubedube ifuthe yamaBolshevik Party, kwakunye karhulumente ukwala ukujongana nemiba ebalulekileyo yoluntu (ezentlalo kunye nezolimo). Ngokubanzi, kuye kube nzima ukuqonda wena kwisifundo efana ngeentlekele ye Provisional kaRhulumente, ngo-1917, le theyibhile iya kuba luncedo engenakuphikwa ukufezwa kwalo mbandela. Cinga umzuzwana okulungileyo nokubi kumgaqo-nkqubo kaRhulumente engunobambiso - kule theyibhile ingezantsi.

IThebhile 9 ngembali kweklasi: ngeentlekele ye Provisional kaRhulumente. Umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha karhulumente.

Siyabona ukuba urhulumente omtsha wazama ukutshintsha into, kodwa akwanelanga.

Le ntlekele lokuqala loRhulumente lwethutyana

April 18 qaphela Foreign uMphathiswa (ngubani Miliukov) wanika ukunyuka kwintlekele kuqala. Olu xwebhu wakhankanya imfuneko ukuba izibophelelo abathembekileyo encedisayo, kodwa kwakungekho nto yathi malunga annexations kunye indemnities. Ngelo xesha, kwabonakala ukuba iRussia yedemokrasi norhulumente yayo wedemokhrasi kukho imfazwe karhataka impiriyali, nangona kwiminyaka enesiqingatha njengoko imfazwe waya kummandla Russia. Loo mpazamo inkulu ka Miliukov. KwiBolsheviks wasebenzisa kuwo waxhokonxa iingcinga zakhe neemfundiso okugqithileyo kule umboniso.

Matshi 22 eSt Petersburg, amawaka abantu ezitratweni. Ngaba lubanjwe ngexesha elinye, imiboniso eziliqela. Sesikwenzile le imiboniso yokuqala: "Thina sixhasa Government Provisional!" Nezilogeni umboniso yesibini: "Phantsi nge Guchkov and Milyukov!", "Uxolo ngaphandle annexations okanye indemnities!" Okwesithathu, a rally eyahlukileyo iiBolsheviks ukuzithandisa esithi: "Amandla - to the Amaqumrhu!" Wonke nxaxheba kwimiboniso Mazikhutshwe engange ezilishumi (efana kakhulu kwi irallie mihla), yaye kamva kwiBolsheviks wazama ukubanga ukuba akanguye unobangela kwiintlanganiso, leyo kuthiwa baba Ukuvakalisa izimvo ngabantu. Kubuhlungu gqitha ukuba kwimiboniso kwakukho isidubedube bexhobile, nkqu mbingelelo.

In Russia kukho amaxesha obunzima. Amalungu Provisional Government iindlela ezininzi ezizezinye ngaphandle meko.

Indlela yokuqala

Lo mbono yaba yokurhoxa kunye nokudluliselwa amandla qumrhu. Ixesha elininzi urhulumente bavakalelwa ukuba kuyingozi kakhulu kuba kunokukhokelela imfazwe yamakhaya, yaye oku nje ngeke avunyelwe.

Indlela yesibini

Le ndlela iye esicetywayo Kornilov. Phantsi icebo lakhe, kuyimfuneko ukuba basebenzise le meko, besebenzisa yamaBolshevik esithi "Ezantsi kunye norhulumente esemthethweni!" Njengokuba isingxengxezo ukuhlakaza Amaqumrhu, ukubulala okanye ndibavalela radicals kude-ekhohlo. Makhe ekugqibeleni lizwe uyalawula ingqeqesho olungqongqo emkhosini nasemsebenzini. Kwafuneka ukuphelisa amandla ezimbini. Intlekele eyehlele i-Government lwethutyana (Matshi-Julayi 1917.) Ngaba kuqwalaselwa ngamabona ezinde, umxholo ukwazi kwaye inemibalabala. Nangona ngoMatshi 1917, owakubhangisayo okunene isigwebo sentambo, oko kucetywa ukuba ziqalise kwakhona i-ngenxa yokusekwa umthetho nzima. Benkululeko zaye Yandothusa yi amacebiso ezinjalo. Kornilov wafudukela ngaphambili.

uhulumeni First

Russia inkulu ka-1917 Coalition Provisional Oorhulumente nyaka. We qamba uhulumeni yokuqala, leyo abalungiseleli ezintandathu yobusoshiyali. UMphathiswa empi Kerensky.

Le ngxaki ye-Provisional kaRhulumente ngowe-1917, nto leyo limelwe kwitafile kweli nqaku, kwaye nkqu lwandiswa yintlekele yokudodobala koqoqosho. Awuzange usebenze kuRhulumente lwethutyana ukubuyisela ukuze kweli lizwe, ukuze ukukhulisa ishishini yezothutho kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, Kananjalo ndawumisa nabo ukuba unikeze umkhosi nezixeko kunye nokutya. Ngeli xesha, igunya kwiBolsheviks wakhula, kwakunye nenani lazo.

Le ngxaki ye-Provisional kaRhulumente ngo-1917 (itheyibhile)

Okokuqala Yonke-Russian Congress of yamaSekela Abalimi '

Le nkongolo yayibanjelwe ngoMeyi 1917, uLenin wanqula, nilabe ilizwe kwabanikazi, ayinike abantu. Amazwi uLenin abangela ukuba inkxaso abantu abaqhelekileyo, kodwa Chernova, owathetha ngalo ulungiselelo elide kunye nokupapasha i-Land Act, engenzanga bebabaza ngokwaneleyo.

Okokuqala Yonke-Russian Congress of Workers 'namajoni' yamaSekela

Le nkongolo yabanjwa ngoJuni 1917, phezu kwayo, kwiBolsheviks bafumana izihlalo 105 kuphela ngaphandle 777. Noko ke, inkokeli yabo, uLenin kuchazwe ngokucacileyo bakhe. Wathembisa ukuba, ngenxa iqela uyalawula ucwangco lizwe ngaphandle imfazwe yamakhaya kusonjululwa imibuzo kulimo kunye nabasebenzi.

Ukuqhuba: iingxaki ze Provisional kaRhulumente ngo-1917

I ivuthwa yeengxaki yesibini Provisional Government

NgoJuni 10, kwiBolsheviks wagqiba ukubamba umboniso phantsi kwesigwagwiso ukomeleza igunya layo. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-Congress of esi sigqibo sele kuthintelwe, kwaye iye yaluphumelela umboniso jikelele yokuxhasa Provisional kaRhulumente. Ezixhaswayo lohlaselo ngaphambili, abacwangciselwe uJuni 18, 1917. ingxaki Government lwethutyana sele yenzekile, njengoko inkoliso demonstrators bamthwala yamaBolshevik amazwi. Kuye kwacaca ukuba kungekudala kwiBolsheviks azame ukumbamba amandla. Zonke yandiswa ngumba wokuba ukuba lohlaselo ngaphambili kokuwa, ukunyuka lakhula. Umbuzo kazwelonke baqalisa kwawa Russia. Ukraine, eFinland, njalo njalo. D. iyavelaName ukuzimela.

Julayi iingxaki Provisional Government

Ezi ziganeko zenzeka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-4 Julayi. Ngeli xesha, i kabini wayeka evela kurhulumente, wala ukuba siqwalasele umbuzo geqe Ukraine. Edidayo yaba umba ngokuthumela umatshini-umpu webutho, le Petrograd ekampini ukuya ngaphambili, Amajoni ayithatha ezitratweni. Ngesikhephe ukusuka oomatiloshe Kronstadt exhaswa abasebenzi abaxhobileyo. Performance babeyalwa iiBolsheviks. Lo mboniso eliqaqambileyo, elikhulu, ethi slogans. Le demonstrators lufuna ekupheleni kwemfazwe, sifuna amandla Amaqumrhu, abalimi afuna ilizwe.

amajoni emzabalazweni bazama ukunqanda iiBolsheviks, kodwa watsho phantsi. ngcembe Power wadlula ezandleni zabo. amajoni axhobileyo, abasebenzi, oomatiloshe wakhokela yamaBolshevik Party.

Kwentlanganiso yeBhunga iye yabanjwa i-Tauride Palace, nto leyo engqongwe demonstrators. UMphathiswa wezoLimo wazama ukucacisa ebantwini, kodwa nje kuthinjwa. KwiBolsheviks bambamba phantse amandla, kodwa uLenin wala laphuthuma kulaa mzekelo, njengoko woyika ukuba angabi nako ukuyilawula inkqubo kwaye ugcine le relish ixesha elide. Julayi iingxaki Provisional kaRhulumente kwakukubi kakhulu.

Isiphumo July mboniso

imikhosi emzabalazweni yasungula ukuzingelwa iiBolsheviks. Abaninzi baye babezifihlile. Amalungu Provisional kaRhulumente kwalimala ngokuchasiweyo kwiBolsheviks. Wyszynski asayina umyalelo ukubanjwa yintloko iiBolsheviks. Ngokusemthethweni kwachazwa ukuba abarhanelwa ngokunxulumene yiJamani.

Kunzima Yayilixesha apho kwakukho iingxaki Provisional kaRhulumente. izinto ezongezelelweyo, izifundo ezahlukeneyo zembali ukuvumela namhlanje ikhuselekile ukuthi isityholo uLenin kaThixo ezisemthethweni, ekubeni iiBolsheviks imali wenza uthabathe ukusuka amaJamani. Kuhleli ivuleleke kuphela umbuzo kwexesha, oko kukuthi, xa kanye aqalisa athatha lwabo - .. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, okanye ukusukela 1916. Imali efunyenwe amaJamani, nayo ayaziwa. Indlela izigidi ezininzi DM wafumana iiBolsheviks ngenxa revolution zabo, uLenin ngokobuqu enoba bayalwamkela oko nemiqathango yokufumana imali - ayaziwa. Sekunjalo ibunzi elidityaniswe Brest uxolo ukuze yokuthenga imali okanye hayi. Noko ke, kucacile ukuba kuyo nayiphi na imeko imali enkulu. Kwakhona notshutshiso nxamnye uLenin azange, wakwazi ukubaleka, okokuqala Petrograd uze eFinland. regiments eneenkani ezazinawo kwaye imipu. Yathi yabuyiswa ukuba abulawe yokungathobeli ngaphambili.

amandla ye'Bolshevik. Le ntlekele lesithathu

I-Agasti iingxaki engunobambiso kaRhulumente yaba wokugqibela. KwiBolsheviks wathabatha intliziyo kunye, nangona zonke, kube kanye kwakhona waququzelela imvukelo kumbamba ngamandla nge ngezikhali. Esi sigqibo senziwe 4 i-Congress of the Party. Kwaba kwinyanga ka-Agasti 1917, Stalin wayengomnye izithethi eziphambili. Makhe siqwalasele ukuba konke okwenzeka ngayo.

Kornilov zidale

Agasti 27 Kornilov wamelana amandla zezomzuzwana, ephendula avukele yayo esivunyiweyo. E Petrograd, yaqalisa ngamajoni. KwiBolsheviks wabiza abantu ukuba alwe bavukeli, Olubomvu Guards zadalwa. Yonke le nto yaphela nge-2 Septemba. Kornilov kunye nabalandeli bakhe babanjwa.

Ukubanjwa Government lwethutyana

Noko ke, ukusebenza Kornilov wabonisa ukuba liqhekeke kwizangqa abalawulayo, apho waphumelela ye'Bolsheviks. Basebenzisa zemfazwe ukuze sizuze amandla. October 24 wakhupha ummiselo yokuvala onke amaphephandaba kwiBolsheviks, kwi 5.00 kokuba ivalwe, kwathabatha iiyure eziliqela, baza kwakhona babuye phantsi kolawulo iiBolsheviks. October 25 abavukeli wathabatha Nikolaev (Moscow) kwisikhululo sikaloliwe, kwi 6.00 - beBhanki State, iyure - i-ofisi Central, kwi 13.00 - i Mariinsky Palace.

Kwi 18,00 yonke imikhosi bezihlanganisene kwiziko Winter Palace, wabhengeza ukuba mandikhethe iyure kurhulumente, ngoko Adubula ukusuka 'Aurora. " Ngelo 2 kusasa, amalungu Provisional kaRhulumente babanjwa, amandla wegqitha waya qumrhu.

Ngenxa yoko, siyabona ukuba kuphela 3 engunobambiso Government of the ntlekele. Nikelani ingqalelo etafileni thaca ngezantsi, oko kuya kukunceda ukuba uyiqonde.

Le ngxaki ye-Provisional karhulumente itheyibhile 1917 Scheme: Ubangela yamaBolshevik loyiso

weza bamandla iiBolsheviks Driving

Complex ngo-1917 ngenxa yabantu. amandla okwethutyana wenza ezininzi iimpazamo kunokuba wanceda kwiBolsheviks ukuba athathe indawo yakhe. Lenin tye kwi Ikhosi uloyiso, wakwazi ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba babonise ulwazi ngobuchule. Complex olunameva yaba umendo kwiBolsheviks, kodwa iinkolelo zabo kunye neenjongo. Imeko-1917 kwakhona ibonisa ukuba ideology - kungamandla elikhulu kunene, okoko nje yena ezandleni ekhuselekileyo abantu abanobuchule nangokunyaniseka ngokubonisa ukholo elungileyo.

Qaphela kwakhona ukuba iiBolsheviks eyanceda kuphumelela: kuba imeko entsonkothileyo zentlalo apha kweli lizwe, umgaqo-nkqubo ephosakeleyo kurhulumente, kangangokuba liwela igunya loluntu abanobuchule ezintle bethetha inkokeli sabasebenzi, ukukwazi ukuba beyiseke kwaye bakhuthaze abantu. Ukuba urhulumente yethutyana ezama ukusombulula iingxaki zabantu, abazange nsinya umgaqo-nkqubo wayo, kwakungayi wawabuyisela isohlwayo sokufa, ngangenini emfazweni, wagqiba kwelokuba iingxaki kwezolimo kunye nezentlalo, hayi kuba loo mvukelo Kornilov, ngoko, mhlawumbi, ayikwazanga kwenzeka yamaBolshevik mdibi .