History of New York: inkcazo, amaxesha ukwakheka, izibakala umdla, lwembali best

Ngokutsho manani ezisemthethweni, kwisiXeko saseNew York likhaya kubantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi 8.4. Ngokutsho iinkcukacha ezingekho mthethweni nenkqubo zemetropolis ubamba a abamalunga nezigidi 21 abemi. Kulo mzekelo, nawuphi na umzi American abe ligorha movie. Kwaba khona ukuba nyaka ngamnye ngaphezulu kwama-200 films isusiwe.

Noko ke, imbali New York phantse mntu owaziyo. Njengokuba kakuhle kwakukho ingumasipala inkulu US? Ziziphi iimpawu zayo ezinika leyo kufuneka ukubona zonke babatyeleli isigqibo ukutyelela Manhattan? Kufuneka ndinabe kumbuzo ngamnye.

Yintoni esiyaziyo New York?

Ngenxa kuphuhliso kwishishini lokwenziwa kweefilim American yonke schoolchild Russian uyazi ukuba New York - umzi amaphupha kuhlasela Buzani kubawo, kwaba khona ukuze uqalise zombiapokalipsis yaye eso sixeko American kukho iqhawe othobekileyo super uya kusisindisa bonke.

Enyanisweni, kuya kuba yimeko ekhethekileyo ngokwenene yaseMelika. Engaqhelekanga nkqu ummandla apho New York. Inxalenye enkulu igutyungelwe iinduli ukusuka emantla-ntshona kokuhlanjwa yi Lake Ontario, kumazantsi-ntshona Allegheny Mountains n'wina. Xa ngasentla umda karhulumente uNdikhoyo eKhanada. Kunye nemimmandla engasentshona, empuma yi-Atlantic Ocean.

Kakade, esi sixeko idume ngezakhiwo kunye ezinika. Amehlo akhe kufuneka kubona i Statue of Liberty, eBrooklyn Bridge, esi sixeko sikhulu amafu, kwaye atyelele American Museum of Natural History eNew York.

Yonke imihla apha esixekweni aye emsebenzini malunga-13 amawaka iiteksi, naphantsi komhlaba, naphezu kumphezulu wayo isebenza izikhululo komhlaba 468. Kulo msebenzi komhlaba imini nobusuku.

I-Dutch uthenge New York for $ 25?

Ngokweerekhodi zembali, amaNdiya zimi "eManhattan" kwiminyaka 3000 eyadlulayo. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba abantu ababehlala yintoni na ngoku umzi sele amawaka-10 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Noko ke, imbali New York njengoko urhulumente US waqalisa kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-16.

Ngowe-1524, yaba ngummandla phantsi kwesikhokelo wamazwe Italian Giovanni Verrazano. Le Isazinzulu wayefuna ukufunda i Hudson River. Kamva, le siqithi bafika Dutch. Science umdla kangako, babamba mhlaba owakuxelayo - New Netherland (ngolunye uhlobo - New Amsterdam).

Ukuze abantu bomthonyama azikho kakhulu azidube neManhattan wakha Fort Amsterdam. Emva konyaka, irhuluneli of New Netherlands wathenga off amaNdiya. Peter Minuit wathenga ingumasipala likhulu ikamva yabeka izinto zesinyithi, izacholo nempahla exabisa $ 25. Emva kokuba deal kwinkulungwane kwi EManhattan waqalisa ukungenisa amakhoboka asuka eAfrika.

IsiNgesi koloni

Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ka-1664 i-British wafika i "New York". Imbali isixeko isixelela ukuba Dutch kwiNgxowa zabo Netherland New ngaphandle umlo. zokuhlala IsiNgesi waba irhuluneli uRichard Nicholson. Yaba nguye lowo Babanika umzi igama layo ngoku. Irhuluneli wabiza sixeko elizayo imbeko umzalwana wakhe - King James Version 2, iNkosana York.

Iziganeko ngokwabo zenzeka ngexesha imfazwe phakathi Dutch kunye British. kweminyaka 9 emva kokuba uzinikele okuhlazisayo yesixeko ngumsindo ilizwe Dutch WOKUSINDISA yaye kwathiwa loo nto New Orange. Noko ke, ngonyaka kamva (ngo-1674) New York kwakhona yaba IsiNgesi kwi contract Westminster.

Abahlali aloo mzi, Kakade ke, wayengonwabanga kunye utshintsho rhoqo ezifana karhulumente, ngoko ngenkulungwane ye-17 emva kwexesha, imbali New York iye yanxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo yokuvukela zangaphakathi. Eyona inkulu kwenzeka ngo-1689-1691, ngokulandelelana. Emva kokuba lumalunga ne-100 leminyaka esi sixeko ayehlala ngoxolo. ENatyisiweyo imida yayo, wavula izibhedlele, izikolo, iikholeji.

Independent New York

Ngowe-1775 waqala yaseMelika yoTshintshiselwano ngoLwazi. Ngu New York akakwazanga ukungena. Ngaphezu koko, iimfazwe ezininzi kwenzeka esixekweni. A Brooklyn idabi kukhokelele emlilweni yoyikekayo owatshabalalisa kakhulu kuwo umzi. I-British akazange ukunika phambi kokuphela kwalo mzi. iinyanga kuphela ezimbini emva kwemfazwe, New York waba US - November 25, 1783.

Oku akuzange kumthintele ingumasipala kuba likomkhulu yokuqala USA. Ukongeza, kukho ukusungulwa ngumongameli wokuqala - George Washington. Hi ndlela leyi, abakhenkethi namhlanje uyakwazi ukubona iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ebomini lomzi, ukutyelela i-History Museum eNew York.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba sixeko ngokwayo wakhula yaphuhlisa wabulela kubaphambukeli ukusuka eNew England ne Ireland. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, abemi New York banda izihlandlo 4 lagqithisa nani zabemi izigidi ezi-1,2.

Le mfazwe yamakhaya phakathi North kunye South kumiswe ukwakhiwa eziliqela umzi, kodwa emva kokuphela eNew York baqalisa ukuphuhlisa amandla entsha. Ngowe-1886, i-French wanika eUnited States Statue of Liberty. Ngelo xesha kwi sixeko egcwele iphepha layo lokuqala - i-Tower Building.

Yiyiphi imeko yi New York?

Uqhekekile umzi ibekwe kwi imeko igama elifanayo. Imbali ezisemthethweni State of New York waqala July 26, 1788. Ngaloo mini mmandla bafika eUnited States.

Yintoni ephawulekayo: inhloko yaba hayi sixeko sikhulu of America kunye nesixeko Olabani. Kwaye ngokusemthethweni nezigidi ezingama-20 zabantu abahlala kurhulumente, phantse isiqingatha idla ngokuba ngabantu abaninzi baseNew York.

Urhulumente Isaci wayo, nto leyo Latin izandi ngathi Excelsior, gama elo elithetha "ngaphezulu ubunzima." Oku mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba lo mmandla apho emi kuyo, lenziwa weentaba.

Xa kanye Isaci le sixeko, kodwa kukho abaninzi ezimbini lweziqhulo - "Ikomkhulu" yaye "Big Apple". Ukongeza, eNew York esaziwa ehlabathini liphela ukuba kanye apha ikomkhulu UN.

amade

Ekuqaleni ingumasipala kwinkulungwane yokugqibela yaba ngomnye Kumaziko kurhwebo noshishino. Nalapho ke ilizwe eNew York eninzi, kwaye izithuba ukwenzela ukwakhiwa ayizange ulandelwe. waqala Isixeko ukukhula hayi ububanzi, yaye phezulu.

History of New York ngokusondeleyo inxulumene nokwakhiwa izakhiwo. Phantse zonke izakhiwo eziphakamileyo esixekweni igama layo. Sele 1907, yayakhiwe yi-West Street Building, 99 iimitha phezulu. Kwaye emva kweminyaka emine esixekweni liye lakhula-manzi 246 uWoolworth.

Kweli yokrtsy Entsha ayeke, kwaye kule minyaka-30 izakhiwo zokuqala nezakhiwe, oluthe lwagqitha inqanaba iimitha ezingama-300. Chrysler Building kunye uBukhosi-stayt Building ukuphakama 319 no 381 leemitha ngokulandelelana.

Ngowe-1971, iinqaba sel 'odumileyo amawele (417 no 415 meters) kwakhiwa. Ukuze ixesha elide kwaba ezinde liphezulu ehlabathini.

De kube ngoku, New York amilisele ezinde. Ngoko ke, ngo-2013 kweso sixeko "wavuka" Inkululeko Tower ukuphakama kuyimitha 541.

EBrooklyn Bridge kunye Statue of Liberty

Phantse ixabiso efanayo njengoko amafu, ukuba sesakhiwo mzi ke iibhulorho: Vilyamsbursky, Manhattan, Kwavulwa Bridge. Kodwa ukubonga edumileyo, ukuya bhanyabhanya, loo nto ithathwa Bridge eBrooklyn.

Esi sakhiwo ilenga ekhethekileyo yakhiwa ngo-1883. Kuba xesha le ukunqunyanyiswa kwebhulorho inkulu ehlabathini, yaye viaduct kuphela, uyilo bayo imivalo yesinyithi.

Kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuba kwakhiwe ibhulorho eNew York kwakukho Statue of Liberty. Yaba isipho esivela eFransi ukuya baseMerika uphawu ubuhlobo phakathi kwezizwe. Encotsheni lo mfanekiso abaninzi 324 amanyathelo ukuya eqongeni - 192.

Namhlanje, oko ikratshi zonke Yorker Entsha. Noko ke, ngenkulungwane ye-19, abakhi befumana ubunzima zemali. I Statue of Liberty yokunganeli kwemali. Emva koko ke mazwe mabini abaqalise iphulo elikhulu okunyusa ingxowa-. iikonsathi eziququzelelweyo Raffles. Ke ukuba French waphendula ngovuyo ikhwelo ukuqokelela imali eseleyo, amaMelika kunye nemali dotting Musa ukungxama. Inqaku wanceda ezaziwayo-kakuhle intatheli Dzhozefa Pulittsera, ngubani zigxeke bakowabo. Emva kokupapashwa abahlali US akhawuleza Kwathi imali yokwakha.

Natural History Museum

I sixeko isebenza omnye lwembali ethandwa ehlabathini - i-Natural History Museum. E-New York, nawuphi na umhlali okanye undwendwe isixeko nga kububona.

AmaMelika Siyazingca ngokuba kulo myuziyam wagcina kwesiqingatha sesigidi imiqulu yeencwadi ngomxholo yenzululwazi yendalo. abatyeleli Okuninzi babubone iiholo myuziyam.

Ngoko ke, kumgangatho wokuqala uyakwazi ubone abantu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo lophuhliso loluntu. Kukho i "uLucy" odumileyo (Australopithecus skeleton), "Peking Man" kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Amanenekazi Umgangatho wesibini uthando amantombazana - kukho ezingaphezu kwe-100 lamawaka iikopi ngamatye anqabileyo. Kukho kwakhona igumbi apho awe zigcinwa, kunye lounge kunye iifosili kwamathambo iidayinaso kunye nezinye izilwanyana yamandulo extinct.

Amahla ndinyuka

Njengoko sibonile, imbali New York wayesazi amahla nezimbi. kweminyaka engama-70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, lakhumbula kwintlekele yoqoqosho neyentlalo kwi 90 eUnited States lwaphaphatheka, siphinde kwamanye amazwe (ikakhulu esuka eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union), waza waqalisa ukukhula kwakhona umzi. Ke kwabakho kwendyebo yasekuqaleni kweminyaka ye 'dotcom "(malunga ufana mihla start-ups), kunye nabantu abatsha ambonzeleka ukungena kwishishini.

Kakade ke, ethetha ngembali mzi, asikwazi kuthi ngomhla ebuhlungu - September 11, 2001, xa abagrogrisi iye owabulala amawaka abantu kwaye watshabalalisa ezinde ezimbini ezinde eNew York.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, esi sixeko ezintsha eziveziweyo, kwandisa inani yabemi balo kwanokwakha izakhiwo ezitsha.