Webhaleyi Istomina Avdotya Ilinichna: engobomi, imisebenzi kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Yena - owayephila kunye owayephila Pushkin, omnye nale midaniso ballet edume ngexesha lakhe, ballet prima Didlo. Igama yakhe nje zifumaneka imisebenzi wembongi enkulu. Bona akhulelwa, kodwa zange wagqiba inoveli "mngqungqo Ababini" apho kukho umatshini we enye namaqhawekazi kwaba kanye ngayo - Avdotya Ilinichna Istomina. Ukongeza kule ngumdanisi italente, yena balihlutha likhubalo emangalisayo kunye nobuhle kwaye igqalwa omnye abafazi abaninzi umtsalane of St. Petersburg ngelo xesha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, waba yonke isihlwele abalandeli, yaye phakathi kwabo - bantu abaziwayo bukhosi.

Istomina Avdotya Ilinichna: biography

Evdokia (njengoko kubhaliwe kwincwadi log) wazalelwa EyoMqungu 6, 1799 eSt Petersburg. Malunga abo ngabazali bakhe, kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi, kodwa lililo kakhulu lowo njengako apho utata wakhe waye phoyisa iikulya Istomin, ngubani wathabatha asele, wafa xa wayeneminyaka engama-2-3. Unina wentombazana, Anisa Istomin, wafa ngokukhawuleza emva naye, kunye nonyaka-emithandathu-Dunya wasala wayeyinkedama. Ngethamsanqa, intombazana khange zibalwe leenkedama, bangena Imperial Theatre School. Yena, ngenxa ukubonakala kwaso, wayethanda umcebisi yesikolo yathabatha nayo kwibhodi ngokupheleleyo. Kulapha Istomina Avdotya àbaluqiqa ezibonakala kumabala emidlalo. Ngelishwa, akukho mntu ke ngokukodwa ukwenza abafundi zemfundo ngokubanzi.

ekufundeni

Nomdlali kwenkulungwane ye-19, nto wongezelela ukuba abe lilungu, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo waya esikolweni ngabantwana abasuka kwiiklasi asezantsi, nenkedama, ngathi Heroine ibali lethu. Kamva, xa waba ngumdanisi obalaseleyo, abaninzi baba nomdla umbuzo - ngubani Ulofundisa nabadanisi zebhaleyi Avdoti Istominoy? Ekuqaleni wafundisa ubugcisa ukudanisa ntombazana odumileyo eSt Petersburg webhaleyi n Sazonov. Yaba yena, wafunda ukuba nomonde, ngobugcisa, zokunyanzelisa ungaze utyhafe. Noko ke, utitshala engundoqo Avdoti Istominoy, ababefundisa kuyo ubugcisa womjuxuzo nokwenza - Kakade ke, isiFrentshi ngumdanisi, choreographer kunye notitshala uCharles-Louis Didlo. Wayebalasele yi unya abafundi babo, kuba inzima kakhulu kwaye engqongqo, nokuba ngesondo kunye nobudala.

abonakale enkundleni

Istomina Avdotya, ngathi uninzi abafundi Imperial School, waqalisa kwangoko kakhulu ukuvela eqongeni. Sele eneminyaka eyi-9 Didlo Ndamthabatha ukuba ballet "Zephyr Nezityalo", owawubona yemidlalo ilitye elikhulu. Kakade ke, inika indima eqhelekileyo kakhulu - ukuba ke yena uthixokazi Flora - umxhasi ongcwele yehlabathi zemifuno. ukusebenza Girl phambi kwabaphulaphuli wachukumiseka gqitha, yena wachukumiseka gqitha kukubona indlela enezityalo Waphupha ukuba kanye kwaye iya kuba webhaleyi prima, yaye kwakhona iza kukhangela ezintle.

Engena i St. Petersburg qembu

Ngowe-1815 Avdotya Istomin - webhaleyi nesikolo idiploma umdlalo - wajoyina i-Imperial Theatre e St. Petersburg, qembu ogama ekhokelwa ngutitshala wakhe Shar Didlo. Ngoko nangoko wathabatha umfundi wakhe unesiphiwo ekuvelisweni "Acis kunye Galatea", kunye nendima ophambili. Girl emva emiboniso yokuqala umdla uluntu. Ngelo xesha, kwakungekho mahluko engqongqo phakathi neentlobo kumabala emidlalo, ibhaleyi kwaye ingqalelo omnye kubo, ngebengabanga ixesha ukudlala umdlalo kunye nokwenziwa vaudeville. Kungekudala malunga nale webhaleyi ubuhle onke ukukhanya Russian ngaphezulu.

feature

I theatre lokuqala Russian istograf Pimen Nikolaevich Arapov Kodwa njengoko kuchaziwe Istomin: "Yena waye babengabafo avareji, intle kunene, slim, kunye iinwele ezimnyama kunye amehlo amnyama ngephambili ecwebezelayo, imivumbo elide elingqingqwa, okwenza ubuso bakhe unobumba okhethekileyo. Yena ke dystrophy, imilenze enamandla, iintshukumo bakhe ukukhanya ubukeka. " Xa sijonge yonke le nto, akumangalisi ukuba webhaleyi Avdotya Istomin, engobomi ichazwe kweli nqaku zithandwa kakhulu phakathi elite yeengcungcu. Bathi ukuba Pushkin yena xa ebona kuye, nkqu naziintuthumbo ngeentuthumbo abanamava nekhwele. Le lenkolo belo xesha wavumela la manene aBekekileyo babonelele webhaleyi kancinane. Kuba ngoxa yena waye pay edume Jikelele Orlov - i Decembrists elizayo. Pushkin e esifanelekele wobukhwele, wabhala epigram phezu kwakhe, beqalela la mazwi: "Orlov Istomina ebhedini ...". Wayibiza loo Laisa lowo intsingiselo efanayo elithi "courtesan".

Cherche la femme

Isoka yakhe yokuqala yaba umphathi abasebenzi Vasiliy Vasilevich Sheremetev. Yena wayethanda kumabango akhe, yaye malunga neminyaka emibini abaphambukela esitshatileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokukhula kwayo njengoko ngumdanisi zomdaniso, waba unzima kakhulu kwaye abangenazigqibo, yaye kungekudala yawa kunye naye, waya kuhlala kunye nomhlobo wakhe usenyongweni Mary Azarevichevoy. Izintombi rhoqo behlaselwe uthando ebutsheni babo wempangelo, kwakunye abayithandayo ye webhaleyi phambili ngaphezulu ubudala. Wayeneminyaka abahlobo kunye Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Griboedovym kanye ndamkela isimemo ekuchubekeni kunye namazwe ukuba utyelele umhlobo wakhe A. Zavadovsky, owayehlala okwethutyana eSt Petersburg. Emva kolu tyelelo, Istomina Avdotya manixolelaniswe naye Sheremetev babuyela kuye, kodwa ukukhanya namarhe ukusondela yakhe Zavadovsky. Xa webhaleyi oyintanda ifuna iingcaciso ngezi amarhe, akazange sikuthethelele wavuma ukuba Griboyedov omnye umfana kuye ngendlela imimoya ngexesha lotyelelo lwakhe endlwini yakhe. Le Sheremetev angamxoleli kunye Zavadovskiy wawabizela Kungquzulwano. Ngelo xesha umhlobo osenyongweni Vasily A. .Yakubovich Ke, ucinga zonke umqalisi A. Griboyedov, yena umngeni ukuba Kungquzulwano. Ngoko ke, lo mini zaye ukuba kubanjwa imicinga emibini. Ngoko ke, ngoNovemba 1817 kwi the Field eSt Petersburg kwafuneka ukuba silwe izibini ezimbini. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ezimbini zokucwangcisa Griboyedov kunye nexesha Yakubovich akazange eze, kuba Zavadovsky Sheremeteva wambulala yaye Kungquzulwano yesibini kwafuneka ukuba elinye ixesha. Ukuba khumbula ukususela kwimbali, i zokucwangcisa phakathi kwabo ekuchubekeni kunye Jakubowski wazinika unyaka, kodwa sele ku Tiflis. Ngenxa yoko, oko Griboyedov watyunyuzwa, kodwa hayi elibulalayo kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, le kukuqulungana bullet Yakubovicha wavumela ukuchonga ngakumbi umzimba babulala basePersi zokubonisana Griboyedov.

Didlo Prima Theatre

Istomina Avdotya, owayeneminyaka eli-18 kuphela ubudala, wafunda kokufa nesithandwa sakhe, kakhulu ukhathazeka yaye ndaziva ndinetyala, kodwa yeqonga akukho mntu unexesha laloo yokungcungcutheka kwakhe. Ngowe-1818-m Charles Didlo wagqiba ukubuyisela ukuguqula yakho bit oluthandayo le show - "Zephyr Nezityalo", umculo ogama yabhalwa K. A. Kavosa. Avdotya ngokuphindaphindiweyo bathatha inxaxheba neziveliso ezingaphambili zale ballet. Kwaye ngoku phupha lakhe lifikile yinyaniso, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba ndime endleleni iintyatyambo ezintle uze udlale indima isihloko. Abaphulaphuli babingelela "flora umxhasi 'omtsha bang. Yaba uloyiso ngokwenene webhaleyi. Emva koko, yena kwakhanya phantse zonke iindima eziphambili utitshala wakhe: "African Lion", "likaCaliph Baghdad kaThixo," "Evtimii and Evharisa", "Deserter," "Lisa no Colin", "Cora kunye Alonzo, okanye uVirgin of the Sun", "Roland kunye Morgan "et al.

Avdotya Istomin and Pushkin

Ekuqaleni kuka-1823 e-St Petersburg Big Stone Theatre yasingatha komsebenzi iphambili - ballet esekelwe mbongo Pushkin kaThixo "mbanjwa eCaucasus", umculo kuba umdlalo ebhaliweyo Katarino Kavos. Istomina wayenikwe party Circassian. Loo nto inika umdla umbhali yomsebenzi, A. S. Pushkin, ngelo xesha, eBha- Chisinau. Emva kokuva ukuba njengenkunzi kufuneka kwenzeke oku yokusebenza, wabhala wathi kumzalwana wakhe Leo: "Hambani," mbanjwa eCaucasus "andixelele malunga Didlo kunye zam ezintle Circassian-Istomin. Xa I trailed emva kwakhe ngathi ibanjwa wam. " Yintoni lithemba waba kule migca. Pushkin ndandimncinci wamthanda kunye Istomin oselula. Bona, njengoko sele sibonile, aba yobudala efanayo. Ngomnye bokuqala uqaphele phakathi kwesihlwele. Kodwa ballet "Acis kunye Galatea" wayichukumisa ngoko kuye, ukuba uye wanikela Galatea line zakhe ezimnyama-eyed ongafiyo kwi "Eugene Onegin" inoveli. Nokuba ke akazange athethe egameni layo kanye, umntu aqonde ukuba uchaza onguSibahle - Avdotya Istomin. imibongo Pushkin baye bebesoloko lwengcingane yaye oyinyaniso, abafazi echaza ingakumbi xa abachaphazelekayo ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo. Waba ukubamba ezinye senzo ekhethekileyo okanye izimbo zobuso ngisho perceptible kwabanye.

Heroine yenoveli akuphumelelanga

Umdla ubuntu imbongi elikhulu Istomin yaba nzulu kakhulu kunokuba wayefuna ngokwakhe. Wayesoloko ibuyela kuye, umfanekiso wakhe engqondweni yakhe wayesoloko eqaqambileyo, kungakhathaliseki apho wayekhona. Pushkin wayezimisele ukubhala inoveli ngayo, kwaye yabhalwa. ekuqaleni kwacetywa ukuba igama inoveli "Russian Carelse." Kamva, Noko ke, wagqiba ukuba uza kubizwa ngokuba "mngqungqo Ababini". Alexander wayefuna ukuba bachukumise le ntlekele, nto leyo ngumtyholwa ngengozi waba ngumdanisi - ukuba malunga ezimbini zokucwangcisa, phakathi Sheremetev ne Zavadovsky. Xa yesandla Pushkin wafunyanwa isicwangciso inoveli. Wakhangela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ballet Didlo.
• Zavadovsky.
• Lover.
• indawo Backstage.
• Ezimbini zokucwangcisa.
• AI uya kubambisa kuyo.
• Esigama.
• Marriage.
• ithemba
• Istomin ehlabathini.
• Ukwaliwa.
• namatheko zezwe
• Inkathazo kunye t. D.

imbali Pointe

Avdotya Ilinichna Istomina nguvulindlela othe lokwenyaniso Russian ballet art. Yena waba ngumdanisi lokuqala Russian wema Pointe. Ngaphambi koku, le nabadanisi bangxamele ukufumana kwi iinzwane ezinkulu, kodwa nezihlangu ze-ballet ekhethekileyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, yayingeyiyo. Kukholelwa ukuba Pointe wabonakala kuqala kwi ndawo Italian nguMariya Taloni. Kwathi eqongeni of the Royal Theatre ngo-1830. iminyaka kodwa eRashiya, yenzeka nje ezimbalwa ngaphambili, Bulelani Didlo kunye Istomina, oku kuye kwakhokelela kuphuculo akhoyo ballet.

ukuvuthwa

Avdotya bakhonza Ballet Imperial iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20. kwiindima kamva ingqalelo Rosalba of "kak Karlosa", Italian noSusana "Almaviva and Rosina" Eliza ngo "Pazhah Vendôme Duke"; Sisidwangube Albert ngo "Isifundo nomkhafuli," njl Ukutyhubela iminyaka, yena waqala gruznet, yaye ngokufuthi yamyeka ... Waqala ukunika iindima ezimbalwa. Ngowe-1830, waqalisa isifo toe, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba aye ukulingisa amaqela. nobizo lwakhe Avdotia Panaeva e memoirs bakhe wahlawula webhaleyi ebalaseleyo amaphepha ambalwa. "Istomin ukuya kwiminyaka engama-40 iye sekubiza, umfazi rastolstevshie. Wazama Young yaye wasebenzisa eninzi ukwakheka - lead ezimhlophe kunye Rouge. Hair oko asichukunyiswa nengwevu, kwaye ke abamnyama kwelizwi. Kukho amarhe ukuba imibala zabo. "Ekubeni nakubathandi yobudala ukuba naye; waza wanceda ngamagcisa aselula, phakathi kwabo kwakukho zolinganiso kakhulu Godunov. Ithiyetha abahlalutyi ingqalelo kuye ukuxakwa, kodwa Istomin akazange ukwabelana ngezimvo zabo. Ndandiselula ngaphezu iminyaka 21 Noko ke, oku akuzange kumthintele ukuba sitshate. yena unika kuye ngezipho zexabiso, iidayimani, ngokuziqhenya wahlala naye kwiibhokisi yeqonga kwaye wonwabele amancedo ubomi. ke ngalisayo, indoda oselula kungekudala wagula kunye yesifo waza wafa. Avdotia intlungu wagqiba ukuya njenge indela kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ezingekho doschlo, waza yena waqhubeka ekhonza njenge yeqonga.

UYobi

Le yokugqibela esiyivayo igama webhaleyi kwi playbill waba ngoJanuwari 1836, kunye nokusebenza wakhe wokugqibela kwenzeka Alexandria Theatre ngomhla wokugqibela Januwari kunyaka omnye. Noko ke, emva koko, wayehlala kwenye iminyaka eli-12 waza wafa ikholera. Komngcwabo wayethobekile, akukho mntu bakhumbula ukuba enye nale midaniso ezinkulu ngexesha lakhe.