I-revolution lokuqala Russian

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Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yamashumi amabini amazwe aseYurophu lawuzamazamisayo yintlekele yokudodobala koqoqosho olomeleleyo. I bemchukumisa naseRashiya. amawaka echithiwe amancinci kunye naphakathi amashishini, kunye amakhulu amawaka abantu basala ngaphandle emsebenzini. On top of bonke, phakathi eRashiya Japan, i imfazwe, apho umkhosi Russian lahluleka obukhulu. Intlupheko nentswela-ngqesho zakuphatha abantu abaninzi. Enoba ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuphuhlisa ushishino kuBukhosi Russian, imisebenzi akwanelanga. Le ntlekele wayinika azive ngokupheleleyo. Konke oku kubeka iingxaki lizwe. Emizaneni inani elandayo abalimi abangenamihlaba, ngubani nje abazange bakwazi ukuhlawula kwesabelo kokuncinane, wamnika zizo ayephinde ngexesha kuphuculo 1861 yelizwe eSiberia okanye East Far sezulu ezimbi balibeke wonke.

Nangona kukho iinguqu ezibalulekileyo eluntwini eziye zenzeka ngeloo xesha, uBukhosi Russian kwakusekho into neNgonyama ngokupheleleyo, apho uninzi lwabemi umnakekeli amalungelo oluntu. Apho kunye nengcinezelo yesizwe ukuba abantu abaninzi nokuba ithuba lokufundisa abantwana ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe, ndingasathethi ukusebenzisa ezintendelezweni okanye arhente zikarhulumente.

Qala i revolution

Oku, Ngamafutshane, le meko apho Yokuqala Russian Revolution. Isizathu sokuba ekusekweni kwayo kwakukho iziganeko ngoJanuwari 9, 1905 Ngale mini, umboniso kwabasebenzi, ikhokelwa umbingeleli Gapon waya kwi Winter Palace kwikomkhulu ukuba anike ukumkani lwezikhalazo neemeko zomsebenzi ezingcono, ubonelelo inkululeko kwezopolitiko, njl column 140,000th kunye icons eni of the tsar waya ebhotwe xa kuvulwa umlilo amapolisa kunye namajoni. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwewaka abantu babulawa yaye amawaka owenzakeleyo.

Emva kwesi siganeko, eli lizwe aduma njengesikhuni. ngqondo, wenze amawaka abantu, baza baqala ugwayimbo kunye irallie lonke Russia. Ngokwayo, abasebenzi eyinkunzi eziku ezingquzulanayo-mkhosi. Ngoko ke waqalisa lo revolution lokuqala Russian.

Kumacandelo ohlukileyo oluntu ngokwahlukileyo basabela njani siganeko. Balaselisa nkampu ezintathu yezopolitiko: ngendlela endilisekileyo, melo kunye revolution-yedemokhrasi. I yangaphambili ziquka abaxhasi lobuzwilakhe (abaqeshisi, amagosa, amagosa, ukuhlonipheka), nto leyo ezilungele imeko pre-revolution. Babekulungele ukushiya yonke into njengoko kunjalo. Abameli kakhulu olukhulu, le meko yaba Amakhulu Black - amalungu 'Union abantu Russian. " Le nkampu osikelelayo baba izidwangube inkqubela-nye nonke, zizifundiswa, oohlohlesakhe. Ezi ziqwempu kwenani labemi, ababefuna revolution, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ukwandiswa amalungelo ezopolitiko kunye nenkululeko, ithuba lokuthabatha inxaxheba elawula lizwe. Yi kwinkampu revolution yolawulo lwentando yesininzi inxenye kunye nabasebenzi, nabalimi abahlwempuzekileyo, noohlohlesakhe abangaphuhlanga. Aba bantu abakulungeleyo ukuxhasa Socialist-mbuso kunye Social Democrats, ngubani wakhuthaza ukubhukuqwa kakumkani kunye nokusekwa republic.

Ngo-1905 i-revolution yokuqala Russian phezu unyuko. Sele ehlotyeni lezimangalo kunye uqhankqalazo ixesha lokuthatha inxaxheba ukuya kubantu kwesigidi. Baqalisa ukwenza amabango abo, kunye nabameli zeentshukumo yesizwe. Umlawuli wenza minyinyiva: kuqala, oko wavunyelwa ukuba ukudala nepalamente - kaRhulumente Duma, yaye kamva abemi wafumana inkululeko yezopolitiko. ENatyisiweyo kunye nenani labantu abanokuba inxaxheba kulonyulo zepalamente.

Nkqubo malunga nokusekwa Duma kunye nenkululeko zezopolitiko ziye bamkelwa benkululeko. Nayiphi amaqela ezopolitiko ezifana kabini kunye Octobrists, ngubani babekulungele bathathe inxaxheba kunyulo ukuya Duma. Ngokutsho iinkokheli benkululeko, ke revolution lokuqala (njengoko iya kubizwa kamva) iphumeze iinjongo zayo.

Kodwa ke izihlwele zabantu, ezi minyinyiva nje isiqinisekiso. In ehlotyeni, ekwindla loo mvukelo nyaka lwaya umkhosi kunye waselwandle, ezazigqalwa ukuxhasa urhulumente. Revolution wahlasela oLwandle Omnyama noomatiloshe eBaltic, amajoni, eKharkov, Kiev, Tashkent, Warsaw ikampu. Ke zonke ezi zenzo hayi zifumene inkxaso ebanzi yaye kungekudala livunyelwe. NgoDisemba 1905, imvukelo kwaqhambuka esebenza eMoscow. Ngoncedo imikhosi savela evela kurhulumente St. Petersburg wakwazi zokuyifihla, yaye kamva zomkhosi wamajoni batyunyuzwa midlalo kweminye imizi. umsebenzi kaRhulumente baqalisa ukuya ukuhla. Ke kunyaka olandelayo, kodwa waqhubeka Sasungulwa yokuvukela.

Ukuphela kunye neziphumo

Ngo-1906 waqalisa ukusebenza kaRhulumente Duma 1st. Le iPalamente zange kube kudala kwaye ugxothiwe ngenxa ukwakhiwa kwawo olukhulu kakhulu. Bebonke isiphelo sinye wehlelwa uDuma elandelayo. Emva koko, ngoJuni 3, 1907 umthetho omtsha, ngokwenani labavoti suzivshy savunywayo. Esi siganeko eneneni waphela lo revolution lokuqala Russian. imiboniso Ubunzima ngexesha zaye phantse livunyelwe. amalungu wabo ubomi babo okanye emthini, ethiywe "Stolypin necktie" (emva koko iNkulumbuso), okanye usentolongweni kunye nzima.

Ngoko ke, yintoni eyabangela ukuba revolution yokuqala Russian, yaye kutheni oko yasilela? Impendulo kumbuzo wesibini icacile: ukuvela kweempembelelo zopolitiko ezithathe inxaxheba kulo, wenza ngokwahlukeneyo, iimfuno zabo musa rhoqo idibana. Yona ke isiphumo, le mpumelelo ibalulekileyo kutshintshwe inkqubo yezopolitiko. I Duma State, bavele ebudeni revolution, wahlala khona. Nakuba ilinganiselwe, oko kukuthi, kunjalo, lanempembelelo nkqubo ngakumbi karhulumente. Kwathi ngelo xesha iba liqonga tipolitiki ezininzi. Abameli kakubi abantu revolution izise ithuba ukupapasha iincwadi kunye namaphephandaba ngolwimi lwabo, ukulisebenzisa umculo kumabala emidlalo. Kodwa imfundo ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe kubantu abaninzi (umzekelo, Ukraine Belarusians) kwaye ihlala ingafikeleleki.