"Iminyaka Akuvunyelwe" - njengenyathelo ukuqaliswa serfdom. Amanqanaba amakhoboka abalimi.

"Kwiminyaka Akuvumelekanga" - yenye yezona mpawu lokomeleza serfdom e impangele ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI. Kubonakala ukuba ibinzana entle, kodwa ke akukho nto intle oku akuthethi.

Indawo abalimi eRashiya ngenkulungwane XV-XVI

Kangangeenkulungwane, usapho yamahlwempu ukuba abazange angathanda ubomi emasimini yenkosi feudal bakwazi bashiye ilizwe uze uye kwenye inkosi. Ukuqonda ukuba kwimeko enjalo tie umlimi, wambeka sixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuya kuba nzima, urhulumente kancinane uyaqala ukunciphisa ukuguquka ze abalimi. Hi xikombiso, ku Sudebnik Ivan III wamisa abalimi amathuba umda kuqala ukuba kude uNdikhoyo. Kwakukho ubetho Day Yuriev (26 Novemba). Lo mthetho elisekwe ukuba nawuphi umlimi ofuna ukufumana kude uNdikhoyo feudal, oko makwenziwe kwisithuba esingekho ekuqaleni kweveki phambi akukho emva kweviki emva kokuba. Enyanisweni, sithetha ngalo ixesha ukususela-19 Novemba ukuya kowe-3 Disemba. Yaye sele akafakanga "iminyaka enga"! Lo mqobo nzima kakhulu ubomi abalimi, ngokuba utshintsho kwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba umlimi sele ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo umnini belizwe c.

Ukonakala imeko nabalimi emva 1550

uKhowudi omtsha uMthetho, apho ukuvuthuluka imeko abalimi sabekwa wavunywa ngo 1550. Ngokomzekelo, ngaphambi kokuba abalimi kwafuneka ukuhlwayela izityalo zasebusika. Ukongeza, ukuba ukuguqulelwa amanye amaqela kudidi "starozhitnyh" enye indlela aqhoboshele abalimi ilizwe, oko kukuthi, abo kuthiwa sele ehlala phezu kweli lizwe ixesha elide kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuma.

"Entry xesha iminyaka Akuvumelekanga 'Ukususela 1581. Oku kungenxa yokuba urhulumente ugqibe ekubeni enze inkcazo onke amazwe ababe yinxalenye yommandla impangele ngelo xesha. Sifanele siyiqonde njani intsingiselo yegama elithi "iminyaka enga"? A elula! Phantsi ngoba elo zwe inkcazo kwaye kufuneka baqonde kakuhle ukuba ungubani yaye uhlala phi, ababusi abalimi ibotshelelwe nje ilizwe, ukuya kwindawo enye yokuhlala.

Into enokuthethwa i "iminyaka esalelweyo" kule mithombo?

Ngoko ke, balelwa iminyaka - a isalelo zilwela ukususa ukusuka senkosi feudal kwiminyaka ethile. Ngokucacileyo ebhalwe phandle malunghana ukuba awunayo. Ungafumana iimbekiselo kuphela nje ezimbalwa kwezinye amaxhwebhu yasebukhosini obusuka ukusuka kwi-imi- 80-90 kwinkulungwane XVI. Le ndlela yokwazisa "ubudala ekhuselweyo" evela 1581. Kwakhona kwakubekwe ubaluleke ingqibo Tsar Fedor Ivanovich ukususela 1592, njengoko apho i "iminyaka esalelweyo" ziye zaziswa nesele ngonaphakade. Olu xwebhu kwaphawula ekuqaleni serfdom in impangele.