Cruisers ekhuselweyo "USvetlana": imbali, iifoto

Russian Imperial Navy koyisa isithuba elwandle ixesha elide. Iinqanawa Bakhe azibonakalisa edabini abe nesibindi womelele "amadoda." Bayahlelwa oonyana wempi nganye, umbhuqi, Cruiser yayahluke ngokupheleleyo. Abanye bakhonza iminyaka emininzi, abanye simiselwe ukuba bahlale ephepheni. Uhlobo "USvetlana" Cruiser ekuye akwaphumelela ngokupheleleyo. Yintoni enokuthethwa cruisers ekhuselweyo abakuluhlu 1.

Eyokuqala "USvetlana"

Inqanawa bokuqala begama elifanayo wabonakala ngo-1896. Kwathiwa ekhuselweyo cruisers, leyo eyakhelwe kumhlaba French. Ekuqaleni msebenzi olona ukuxhasa yacht komlawuli Alexei Alexandrovich. Ngokuphathelele injongo yokulwa, akukho bani kuthi.

Phambi uyile ixesha elide angamisela umnqophiso yenqanawa. Yintoni bekufanele ukuba "USvetlana": cruisers ekhuselweyo okanye wempi enzima? Yintoni na imali, izixhobo kunye ncwadi? Zonke ezi ngcinga waze 1894.

zathu

uyile "igorha" omtsha sele iqalile le hlobo. Per esihlalweni Cruiser balwa izicelo ezininzi. Le mveliso Franco-Russian, iinkampani ezininzi ukusuka UK, Germany kunye France. Phakathi iinketho ezininzi abangama-ezisixhenxe yamkelwa izindululo ukuba becala, aba yotshintsho omnye cruisers eNgilani.

Inqanaba elilandelayo kwakuba ukhetho kwezindululo ezikhoyo. Ekugqibeleni, lo ukhetho senziwa egameni kwiinkampani eFransi. Le projekthi kusikhumbuza enye French cruisers Friant. Emva kokuba inqanawa babeyihamba wokubhala, akwazi ukunika kuphela igama. "USvetlana", indawo Cruiser, 1896, bafumana igama layo, sibulela Nicholas II, ngo-1985.

Ngenxa iphepha kwi swa

Kakade ekupheleni kuka-1895 i-Cruiser "USvetlana" eyasekwayo ngokusemthethweni. iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kunye lwezindlu ezakhiwa Le Havre, nayo boilers sidalwe Belleville. Lo msebenzi wathatha ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba ndawo esingaphantsi konyaka kamva Cruiser emanzini. Kunyaka olandelayo kwagqitywa ukwenza uvavanyo.

Ngokwendalo, umgwebi oyintloko waba umthengi Alexei Alexandrovich, nabasele ngowe-1897, wakhwela i "imoto ezidadayo". Inyathelo elilandelayo walandelwa ngohlobo olwahlukileyo ikhosi yimfazwe uvavanywe kunye zokudubula, yaye ekugqibeleni, ngowe-1898, "USvetlana" unokuza ukusebenza, kwaye Duke Grand wawubuyisela esingenamakhwiniba.

Imbonakalo - hayi into enkulu?

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imbonakalo Cruiser leyo olungenayo iimpawu French iinqanawa. Ukuma waba okupheleleyo kancinane isaphetha, rounded yemvu iphuhliswe, yaye ityekele ekugcinweni ityhubhu ngasemva kunye imasti.

Sisazi ukuba i "USvetlana" ekhuselwe cruisers, noko bebandezwa amazinga aphakamileyo kokubhukisha. Le kumgangatho uba ubukhulu-25 mm, oko iimbono baba ngakumbi - 25 no-50 iimilimitha. inqaba Conning bekholosile ezikhuselweyo iindonga vehicles ka-100 mm kunye nophahla-25 mm. Cannon ukwakhusela izihlangu 25mm.

iimpawu

Ngokutsho projekthi, abantu 270 kuphela kulingane "USvetlana". Cruiser, ibali kwendalo nto leyo zizakubalulwa nantoni Kuyaphawuleka, kwiimvavanyo iye yabonisa ukuba bangaqokelela ebhodini 400. Nangona oku ngokwaneleyo. Ngokutsho intloko Naval abasebenzi, qela ekulweni kwafuneka ukufumana enye 73 oomatiloshe.

Ngenxa isantya kwaye kwakukho abathile engachananga. Xa kuluvo, liphuhlise isantya Cruiser amaqhina ngaphezu kwama-20. Efanayo kuboniswa kunye nokuvavanywa. Kodwa ke umkhombe kuphela eboniseweyo ngokupheleleyo, ngoko uyakwazi ingqalelo eli nani ezingachanekanga. Oku kukungangqineli kwaba kamva kutyhilwa uvavanyo apho "USvetlana" kuthwala intloko-on. Nangona amanani amandla lanyuka ukuya phantse 9900 enjini, "imoto engenasigxina" wazuza amaqhina 19 kuphela.

Enye into le "zokuzaliswa" ekuthiwa. Cruiser "USvetlana" yafakwa kunye zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo eqaqambileyo, abathe bona baba kakuhle ukuhlala Prince Alexei. Kwakukho iholo yokungena, ukwamkelwa lounge, isithuba ofisi, lokulala kunye namanye amagumbi. Indawo neCAPS kufuneka kwakhona ukuhambisa kude le ndawo yokuphumla, iqonga ngeempumlo ukunciphisa izinga lengxolo.

Abaqeshwanga kwinkonzo kunye nobuhlobo

Ekuqaleni yokusebenza yayo inqanawa yaba uhlobo imiboniso ezanditsalela ingqalelo. Yena eyayihamba amanzi Europe, watyelela Portugal, Kronstadt. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ndaya kuvulwa izibuko iSt Catherine. De 1903 wakhonza njengoko yacht lobuqu Prince Alexei.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1904 waye wagqiba ukuba athathe Cruiser kwinkonzo kwi butho wePasifiki. Ukwanda labasebenzi kunye kuthunyelwa Suez lomsele. "USvetlana" waba ngokuphawulekayo yenza ukuhlolwa iqembu 18 amaqhina. Senzekile wokufunda kuphela kwindalo.

ukulwa obulalayo

Last emfazweni "USvetlana" yaba idabi ngomhla we-15 Meyi. Ngaphambi koko, eli Cruiser inxaxheba emfazweni, leyo watshayiswa amanqaku iitoni ezingama-350 zamanzi. Nose iya ngaphantsi kwamanzi ukuba phantse sisiqingatha semitha. Ngako oko, izinga lehla laya amaqhina-15. Inqanawa wahlala wenzeka ixesha elide. Yena emva "Aurora" yaye "Oleg", kodwa emva kwexesha ebusuku ziphuma umbhuqi "Quick" bathatha kuyo.

Xa abahlanu kusasa umthetheli wabona Dazhelet siqithi yaye wayefuna ukuba basondele kuye ukuze kusonjululwe ingxaki, ukumpompa ngaphandle emanzini uze ungenise emkhombeni, ukuze. Xa ingozi kudlule "USvetlana", kodwa kamva umkhombe sibonwe cruisers ezimbini Japanese kunye kubabulali. Xa amagosa baqonda ukuba kunye neqondo eliphantsi enjalo ke musa ukundishiya, siye sagqiba ukuba ukulwa, yaye kwimeko wentshabalalo ukutshona le nqanawa.

Kakade ke, ukuba umonakalo ezinjalo nxamnye amathathu "USvetlana" akazange akwazi ukuphila. Kwasekuqaleni kwiiyure 11 Cruiser imini elele kwicala lasekhohlo, waza waqalisa ukutshona ukuya ezantsi. iinqanawa Japanese washiya bronepalubnogo kufa elwandle, ngoxa bona ngokwabo indulumbane ukuba "fast" kunye nezinye "amaxhoba". Amagosa uyasinda oomatiloshe wamhlangula Cruiser "Melika Maru".

New "USvetlana"

isigqibo malunga nokusekwa "USvetlana" uhlobo Cruiser ukukhanya yamkelwa ngo-1907. Eli nyathelo kubangelwa lokungaphumeleli emfazweni Russian-Japanese. By the World Okokuqala abazange ukuphatha ukugqiba kwi revolution etyetyisiweyo umsebenzi elizayo uthotho lwe cruisers.

Ngenxa yoko, zonke izicwangciso emfutshane yaphunyezwa Cruiser "USvetlana" ngo-1913. It kwehliswa emanzini xa isibini kweminyaka, kodwa umlo awayemiselwe ukuqala kuphela ngo-1928. Le Cruiser ukukhanya "USvetlana" kamva igama kuqala ku "Profintern", kamva "Red eCrimea". Phantsi igama lokugqibela yena inxaxheba kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

"Admiral Butakov" ukusuka manqaku efanayo yasungulwa ngo-1916, kodwa akazange umiselwe ukuba eze ukusebenza. Esiseleyo Cruiser ezimbini "Admiral Greig" yaye "Admiral Spiridonov" ngowe-1926 kwakhiwa zidlula. Eyokuqala ngokoqobo Tuapse ngenxa yesaqhwithi kunye yesibini bafa ekulweni kuLwandle Azov nexesha elongezelelweyo kwisithuba Enkulu Patriotic War.