David Livingstone: engobomi, okuhamba kunye nokufumanisa. Ayabavulela uDavide Livingstone e-Afrika?

Enye bahambi abaziwayo, igalelo lakhe kuluhlu uphando eendawo ayikwazi nemikhuba - David Livingstone. Ndavula le Umthandi? Ibali lobomi bakhe kunye neempumelelo ichaziwe kweli nqaku.

Esakhula

discoverer enkulu elizayo wazalwa Matshi 19, 1813 kwidolophana Blantyre kufuphi Glasgow (Scotland). Yakhe ntsapho yayingamahlwempu, uyise bethengisa ezitratweni iti, kunye Inkwenkwe ku-10 iminyaka kwafuneka aye emsebenzini lendawo eyolukiweyo lokusila. On umvuzo wakhe wokuqala, uDavid Livingstone, ogama engobomi uchazwe nqaku, bathenga i incwadi igrama Latin. Nangona yokuba wasebenza nzima ukusuka 6 kusasa ukuya 8 pm, wafumana ixesha Tutor. Kwaye ngoko ke inkwenkwe yaye bonke baqalisa ukuya esikolweni ebusuku, apho wayefunda kuphela Latin kodwa isiGrike, imathematika yenkolo. Inkwenkwana wayeyoliswa kakhulu ukufunda, iimbongi ingakumbi classical kweyoqobo, non-fiction kunye nenkcazo yokuhamba.

Njani injongo ebomini

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-19, uDavid Livingstone kukhuthazwa. Oku kuqulathe ukunyuka kwemivuzo, nto leyo wayedla kufunda eyunivesithi zonyango. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, wafumana isidanga sobugqirha yakhe. Ngeli xesha IsiNgesi iCawa ubuxoki esebenzayo ukutsala amavolontiya umsebenzi wobuvangeli. Kwakugcwele nale mbono, uDavide kakhulu wafunda yezenkolo, yaye ngo-1838 wamiselwa umbingeleli, kwaye isicelo lilungu Missionary Society eLondon. Ngelo xesha, umbingeleli oselula ugqirha wadibana uRobert Moffat, abasebenzi eAfrika, yaye wabongoza Livingston ukujonga kwilizwekazi emnyama.

Ukuqala indlela enkulu ebomini

Ekupheleni kuka-1840 umhambi oneminyaka engama-27 ubudala, baqhubeka nohambo ngenqanawa eAfrika. Endleleni, akazange achithe ixesha, xa sele uyincutshe ekudlaleni ubulumko navigation nokufunda ukujonga indlela uququzelelo lamanqaku boMhlaba.

Man wafika e Kapa (South Africa Coast) ngoMatshi 14, 1841. Ekubeni isigqibo ukulungiselela ngokucokisekileyo kwimeko ubomi bakhe, uDavid Livingstone wahlala phakathi Bomthonyama yaye bafunda ulwimi lwabo kunye namasiko. Kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu, wathetha kakuhle kunye savages, ukuba kuluncedo kakhulu kwixesha elizayo ukuseka abafowunelwa kunye nezizwe ezahlukeneyo ihamba emhlabeni.

UDavide akazange behleli phantsi bethe tu. Yena kancane kancane watyhalela phambili, bethetha ixesha kwi yesizwe elilandelayo, ukubazi namasiko, mtsha, esenza amangeniso blog. Ngu ngehlobo lika 1842 Livingston baboyisa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-Kalahari kwintlango. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ke akazange eze nkqu yaseYurophu enye.

Isiseko kubizo lwabo. Ukulwa ingonyama

Ngowe-1843, Livingstone waseka mission e Mobotse, evakalisa iindaba ezilungileyo abantu balapha ngokuthe nokuya emntla. ABemi wayevela wevangeli ngentlonelo, ububele, nokubona nje inxalenye yawo. Yena ngenzondelelo injalo kuzo ekuhlaseleni ikoloni abamnyama IsiPhuthukezi kunye nezinye Zazingekho ebukhobokeni, ngomonde wanyamezela zonke bunzima ubomi nzima kwi Amathafa Afrika.

Ngowe-1944, uDavid Livingstone, Afrika apho iye yaba ikhaya yokwenene, wasinda adventure eyoyikekayo. Kuzingela amalungu esizwe, yena yahlaselwa ingonyama enkulu kunye ngokungummangaliso basinda. Beast waphuka ingalo yakhe yasekhohlo kwiindawo eziliqela, ebangela wevangeli ubomi wahlala ongumlwelwe. Kwafuneka afunde ukuqhuba indlela umpu egxalabeni lakhe lasekhohlo kwaye sijolise amehlo ngasekhohlo. In memory of siganeko yoyikekayo egxalabeni lakhe ukulanda 11 amazinyo eengonyama. Bendawo baqala ukubiza umntu omhlophe Leo Enkulu.

Marriage. mission Ukudlulisa

Ngowe-1845, uDavid Livingstone watshata uMariya - intombi ngungqondongqondo kohambo lwakhe, uRobert Moffett. Umfazi ehamba umyeni wakhe nemikhankaso, resignedly ekwabelwana bonke ubunzima matutu, leyo wamzalela oonyana abane.

Ngexesha lomtshato, kukho umfana ugalelwe ngokukhululekileyo inzalelwane ewuthanda ukuzithemba kwabo, ngoko wagqiba ekubeni afudukele umnqophiso wayo elunxwemeni Kolobeng River. Bona, kunye nomfazi wakhe, yoconjululwa kwesesikweni bakvenov yesizwe. Livingston na ubuhlobo kakhulu inkokheli Sechele, ngubani ngequbuliso wathabatha entliziyweni imfundiso yobuKristu. Wavuma ukuba babhaptizwe, bamlahla izithethe zobuhedeni wabuyela zooyise nabafazi babo, eshiya kunye naye omnye kuphela. Kwathi ke nempumelelo, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo mngeni omkhulu we umhambi yaseYurophu. Le isizwe aneliseke utshintsho ezingaqhelekanga ezifana, iziganeko ebuhlungu ungqamene imbalela, iye lanyanzelisa ukuba bonke wevangeli kunye nomfazi wakhe ashiye mission kwaye ushukume kude kakhulu kwi le Kalahari Intlango, apho balapho ekuthiwa ilizwe lunxano olukhulu.

Ukufunyanwa of Lake Ngami

Ukongeza umsebenzi wobuvangeli, phezu kwazo zonke iingxaki, musa ukulibala malunga nomsebenzi wophando kaDavide Livingstone. Ivula kwakhe wenza ngexesha matutu elide, ukuhamba ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka ezantsi ukuya entla kwilizwekazi liphela.

June 1, 1849 umhambi okhaliphileyo kunye nomfazi wakhe, abantwana kunye nabalingane abaliqela wenjenjeya Kalahari ukuya iZambezi, indawo elisondeleyo apho kumaXesha Aphakathi yabalasela kwimephu yoMzantsi Afrika. Livingstone wayezimisele ukubonisa kwindawo eyiyo lomlambo, ukuphonononga ukhuko yayo, ukuze ufumane umthombo kunye emlonyeni.

indlela ende ukuthatha gama-30 mihla, amandla kunye enzima kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba uMariya nabantwana. Xa abahambi beza emlanjeni, uvuyo lwabo yayingazani imida. Apho wadibana izizwe bakalahari kunye ngabaThwa, ngubani wathabatha abasemzini iindwendwe othe izinto zawo; gada. Le bahambi baqhubeka nohambo lwabo phezulu koMlambo, Agasti 1, 1949 waya Lake Ngami, unangoku ayaziwa na yaseYurophu.

Ngokuba lo ukuvumbulula, uDavid Livingstone wawongwa Molteno Gold woMbutho Geographical Royal waza wafumana ibhaso imali enkulu.

Emva kokuba zonke adventures amalungu umkhankaso wabuyela kuthumo Kolobeng ngokukhuselekileyo.

Dilolo Lake and Victoria Falls

Ngowe-1852, Livingstone wathumela umfazi wakhe noonyana eSkotlani, aluthuthele kunye banegugu entsha intliziyo ilizwekazi Black phantsi Isaci: ". Ndiya kuwuvula Afrika okanye kutshabalala"

Ebudeni hambo, 1853-1854 gg. Yokuwela emfuleni intlambo, nemingenela yawo iye uphando. Umsitho iphambili umkhankaso yaba ukufunyanwa Dilolo chibi ngo-1854, apho wevangeli wafumana enye imbasa yegolide ukusuka Society Geographical.

David Livingstone phambili uhambo kubandakanya ukufumana indlela ekhululekile ngasempuma ukuya Indian Ocean. Xa ekwindla ka-1855 umkhosi encinane kwakhona waya phantsi iZambezi River. Ezimbalwa Kwiiveki kamva, ngoNovemba 17, phambi kwamehlo Ababehamba wabonakala eyothusayo mfanekiso: ecwebezelayo engxangxasi 120 eemitha eliphezulu kwaye 1800 ububanzi. Bomthonyama bayibiza "Mosi wa Tunya", Oko kuthetha "owawubhudla amanzi". Le meko ngento enkulu yendalo uDavide ogama Victoria imbeko kwiKumkanikazi of England. Namhlanje, enhle kukho isi- namagorha Scottish wamazwe Afrika.

Ukufikelela kwi-Indian Ocean. Amazing

Ukuqhubeka Study of the Zambezi, lo mthunywa wevangeli wakhankanya ingalo yayo wasentla bahamba naye umlomo womlambo, ukuya emdeni Indian Ocean. May 20, ngo1856 sele sigqityiwe inguqulelo ezukileyo kwelizwekazi i-Afrika ukusuka Atlantic ukuya Indian Ocean.

Sele Disemba 9, ngo1856 kwi-UK umva zezifundo abanyanisekileyo Queen, uDavid Livingstone. It wavula eAfrika, lo mhambi ngokungadinwayo wevangeli? Zonke adventures zakhe ezifunyaniswe eendawo , wabhala incwadi ngo-1857. Ekumba evela kumshicileli ukunika entle, umfazi wakhe kunye nabantwana. UDavide ndihlanjwe amabhaso kunye nezihloko, wanikwa ukubonana Korolevoy Viktoriey, waza emandiyenze eCambridge, wajika bendawo kulutsha kunye ikhwelo kwimisebenzi kunye ekulweni slave trade.

Uhambo yesibini eAfrika

NgoMatshi 1, 1858 July 23, 1864 uDavide Livingstone elisetyenziswayo okwesibini uhambo lokuya Afrika, lowo kunye naye umfazi wakhe, umnakwabo, yaye phakathi nonyana.

Ngexesha uhambo, Livingstone waqhubeka ukufunda Zambezi kunye nemingenela yawo. September 16, 1859, waza wavula Lake Nyasa, uthe zilungelelanise ye Shire kunye Ruvuma nemilambo. Ebudeni hambo, ivenkile enkulu nimana enzululwazi yaqokelelwa kwiinkalo ezifana Botany, ngezilwanyana, eziphilayo, yokuma, namasiko ezizwe.

Hambo ngaphandle ngamava amnandi obafunyanwa ezintsha kwabangela intlungu Livingstone 2: Aprili 27, 1862 yimalariya eswelekelwe ngumfazi wakhe, kancinane emva koko, uDavide wafumana iindaba zokufa unyana omdala.

Emva kokubuyela ekhaya lezithunywa ngokusebenzisana umzalwana wakhe ehlotyeni ka 1864, wabhala enye incwadi Afrika.

uhambo yesithathu kwiZwekazi Black

NgoJanuwari 28, 1866 ngo May 1, 1873, umhloli odumileyo uhambo lwakhe lwesithathu kwaye yokugqibela kwilizwekazi. Befunda kumathafa Central Afrika, ifike ummandla Great Lakes, uphando eTanganyika, Lualaba River, befuna umthombo zeNayile. Endleleni, wenza lokuvula nje ezimbini ukuphakama-iprofayile: November 8, 1867 - Lake Mweru, kunye July 18, 1868 - Lake Bangweulu.

ubunzima zokuhamba zoke impilo Davida Livingstona, ngequbuliso wagula abaphathwa ngumkhuhlane. Oku wamnyamezela ukuba abuyele emkhosini kwilali Ujiji. Kuba badiniwe umphandi utyiwa November 10, 1871 ngequbuliso weza kundinceda emntwini Genri eziztena, kufakwe beyofuna kwiphephandaba ongumKristu wevangeli "New York, Harold." Stan wazisa amayeza kunye nokutya, ngoko uDavid Livingstone, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane echazwe kweli nqaku, waya phezu namaKaledi. Kungekudala waqala izifundo, kodwa, ngelishwa, hayi ixesha elide.

May 1, 1873, wafa sevangeli, ukulwa nxamnye kukurhweba ngamakhoboka, umkhenkethi edumileyo yaseMzantsi Afrika, i-discoverer ngayo izinto ezininzi ngokwezelizwe uDavid Livingstone. Intliziyo yakhe kwibhokisi tin evela phantsi inzalelwane umgubo ngembeko wangcwatywa Chitambo mvula phantsi komthi omkhulu. umzimba enkonkxiweyo wathumela ekhaya, no-Aprili 18, 1874 wangcwatywa Westminster Abbey.