I-violet yaseJardin: ukutyala nokunyamekela

Intyatyambo ye-pansy, inzululwazi-i-violet yasegadi, iyimfumba ye-flowerbed nganye, apho ihlala khona. Ukunyamekelwa kwesi sityalo kulula kwaye kuyafumaneka kunoma yimuphi umtsha kwi shishini lokukhula kweentyatyambo. Yaye yintoni na iindidi kunye neeldes! Oku kwangaphambili kwakunzima kuphela kwinqanaba le-lilac-purple, apho igama lavela khona. Iimfolothi zegadi zanamhlanje ziza kutywala ibhedi yeentyatyambo ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, e-violet, eluhlaza, eluhlaza, eluhlaza kunye nembala emhlophe. Ukuba ufuna into ekhethekileyo, iipelesi ezimnyama zeentyatyambo zeentyatyambo ziya kubhala umdla.

Luhlobo luni lwesityalo luhlaza?

Igama le ntyatyambo livela kwi-Old Roman "Viola" yaye isetyenziswe ekudalweni kukaPliny noVilgil. Igadi yaseVilet, iintlobo zezithombe ezichazwe kweli nqaku, yinkcubeko endala kunazo zonke. Kwiminyaka engamawaka amabini edlulileyo, amaRoma kunye namaGrike asetyenziswa emacaleni ukuba ahlobise indawo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo, i-botanist yaseRussia PS PS, owafunda i-Altai flora, waletha le ntyatyambo esuka e-Altai ePetersburg okokuqala.

I-Violets i-herbaceous one-, i-two-or-endless plants. Amagqabi ahlelwe ngokutsha okanye aqokelelwe kwi-basal rosette. Iintyatyambo zingatshatanga, ii-petals eziphezulu zincinci kunezona ezantsi, ziye zaphuma ngendlela yoxolo okanye isake kwisiseko. Isiqhamo se-violet ibhokisi, imbewu igcina amandla okunyuka ukuya kwiminyaka emibini.

I-genus yale sityalo inemveliso engama-500 eye yasasazeka kwihlabathi lonke. Kukho iintlobo zasendle, kwaye ziyalinywa.

Iintlobo zezilwanyana

Abaninzi bemiyezo yegadi bayakhula kwiibhedi zabo zeentyatyambo zeentyantyambo zemiyezo yeegadi, ngokuqhelekileyo izityalo zonyaka okanye zonyaka. Isici esichaphazelekayo sazo iintlobo kukuba ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kwaye zidibanise ngeentyantyambo phantsi kwekhephu. Ulunge ngakumbi kunabanye abavela kule ntlobo, iVilolet's violet ifakwe kwiRashiya.

Kodwa kukho olunye uhlobo-ingadi ye-violet ehleliyo. Uyakwazi ukuhlobisa umbhede weentyatyambo okanye umbhede weentyatyambo iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa imifuno yokutya engapheliyo ijonge imbonakalo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunethezeka kwintsasa nje kuphela entwasahlobo, njengoko ihlobo lilahlekelwa ukunyanyiswa kwayo ngenxa yokubunjwa kweebhokisi zeembewu. Inqubo enjalo, njengokwakheka kwexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha leentyantyambo ezisileyo, kuya kunceda ukunweba ixesha lokuvuna. Ngokuqhelekileyo, njengamaxesha okuphela, i- violet enqabileyo kunye ne -violet yamagqabi ikhulile.

IViolet

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukungafani okuqhelekileyo kwexesha elide le sityalo. Yimiyezo emhlophe ye-violet. Kwindalo ikhula emahlathini amahlathi, eminqeni okanye kwiindawo zokuhlala.

Le ncinane encinane isityalo ukuya kwi-12 cm high, i-rosettes yamagqabi afana nentliziyo yesantathu. Iintyatyambo zinommiselo ococekileyo. I-violet emhlophe ingakwazi ukuvelisa izityalo okanye izityalo, ezise-capsule, kwi-ovary eboya.

I-blossoms violet ukususela ngo-Matshi ukuya kuMeyi, kwaye ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuJulayi iyavelisa. Ikhula ePodillya, eUkraine (eTranscarpathia) kwaye apha naseCrimea.

Ingxaki ngale ntlobo kukuba igadi ye-violet emhlophe (isithombe esingentla) iyalala. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-steppe kunye neentambo zentlambo zihlwayelwa, ama-shrub antshatyalaliswayo, kwaye iimeko zendalo zitshintsha. Kwaye ekubeni abantu be-violets abamhlophe bahlala bodwa, kunzima ukuyihambisa kwenye indawo.

Abantu abahlambulukileyo be-violets babuyiselwa phantsi kweemeko ezizodwa-kwiigadi ze-botanical - kwaye ziphantsi kokukhuselwa.

Iimeko zokukhula

I-violet yaseJenjini inikela ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezinotshani okanye ezinomthunzi ezinobuncwane, obunomhlaba ocolileyo. Kwimimandla eyomileyo, isityalo kufuneka sisele, kungenjalo iintyatyambo azijonge kwaye iqabunga lingayeka ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona i-violets zityalo zothando, abanako ukunyamezela ubuninzi bomswakama kwaye banako ukutshabalalisa ngexesha lokunyuka kwentwasahlobo.

Esi sityalo sinyanzeliswa ngokulula kwe-shading ebuthathaka okanye ukukhanya okugqithisileyo, kodwa ukubunjwa kweentyantyambo ezininzi kunye neentyantyambo ezininzi kunokwenzeka kuphela kwindawo edibeneyo. Kwiindawo ezifihliwe elangeni kwaye zixhomekeke kumdaka, i-violet ingaxhomekeke ekuhlaselweni nge-slugs.

Igadi yaseVilet engapheliyo iyayinqoba imiphefumlo yabalimi beentyatyambo. Khulisa kuphela nje ngonyaka okanye nge-biennial. Ngokona nxalenye, oku kubangelwa ukuba ngelixesha i-violet iqubuke kakhulu, kwaye iintyatyambo ziyancipha ngobukhulu. Kucacile kubo bonke ukuba kulula kwaye kushesha ukutshala izityalo ezintsha.

Amanqaku

Inkqubo ye-violets yonyaka i-filiform, oko kukuthi, akukho mvelaphi engundoqo, kodwa zininzi iingcambu ezincinci. Bachitha umgca ophezulu womhlaba ngomnatha omkhulu kwaye ungangeni ngaphakathi. Ubunzima bebhanki, kwisebe ngalinye, iintyatyambo eziliqela zivame ukuvulwa. Iintyatyambo zonyaka zikhulu kakhulu, zifikelela kwi-10 cm. I-violet yintsimi yonyaka iyindawo efanelekileyo yokuhlobisa ukuya kwi-20 cm high.

Eyona nto ikhethwa yizo iintlobo zontanga:

1. I-Chalon Supreme - uluhlu lweentlobo ngeerushevidnymi tsissantimetrovymi iintyatyambo zobuhle obungavamile.
2. I-Rose Shades - iindidi ezinobumba obupendekileyo obumnyama kunye nebala elimfusa.
3. Umxube we-Cherry Pie - iintyatyambo ezibomvu okanye i-maroon ezineemida emhlophe.
4. I-Flame - iindidi ezineentyantyambo ezibomvu eziqhambileyo, eziphelezelwe nge-orange edging.
5. Iikati - uluhlu oluthambileyo lweentlobo. Ihluke kuloo nto phakathi kweentyatyambo kukho umfanekiso okhangeleka njengobuso bekati.
6. I-Jema yiluhlu olucetyiswe ikakhulu kwimimandla eshushu.

Iindidi ezingapheliyo zezidumba

I-violet yimiyezo iphela, iifoto ezibonakalisa ubuhle bayo, zithandwa phakathi kwimiyezo yokulima. Ngokuqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

1. I-Viola odorata yi-violet ecocekileyo. Isityalo esilula, esivumba kakhulu, malunga ne-15 cm ubude. Inemiphekula enomthi, enokuthi ingcambule kalula, amaqabunga asesimo senhliziyo ahlanganiselwe kwiimfumba. Iintyatyambo malunga neesentimitha ezintathu ubukhulu bunokuthi bube buhlaza okanye bulula kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo bunemibala ebomvu okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iphunga elimnandi liyancwina ngokuhlwa.
2. I-Viola cornuta yi-violet eneempondo. Esi sityalo esingapheli sisithuba esi-8 ukuya kwe-20 cm ubude. Iintyatyambo zezi ntlobo zikwahluke kwiindawo ezibonakalayo zecala. Ubungakanani beentyantyambo zezi zityalo zivela kumgama omnye ukuya kumane ububanzi, umbala kakhulu unobumba obumhlophe obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukusebenzisa iidlotshi zegadi kwiyilwe yendlu

Igadi yase-violet, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela okungabonakali ubunzima, kuyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwimiyezo yase-alpine. Kwilayidiyidi okanye iindwangu eziqingqiweyo ezivela kwilitye, zibukeka zihle kwaye zintle ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, obunokugxininiswa ngakumbi ngedwala.

Kwintsimi, iidoletshi zisetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa imibhede yeentyatyambo, imibhede yeentyatyambo kunye neendwangu. Hayi kakubi ezi zityalo phakathi kwemithi kunye nemithi, kufuphi namachibi. Ziyakulungeleka nokukhula kwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zegadi, izitya kunye neebhokisi. Unomdla kakhulu kuzo zonke iindidi zezibhanqa ezi ntyatyambo.

Ukuziphatha ngokugqithiseleyo kwiimvula ezinobuncinane bomhlaba - kwiipot okanye ipot. Esi sityalo siyona nto isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kumanqanaba amanqanaba amaninzi kunye nokudala amaqela amancinci amakhulu.

I-violet ecocekileyo igqityiwe kufuphi neendawo zokuphumla okanye phambi kweefestile kwigadi yangaphambili.

I-Garden violet kwimimandla yasezidolophini

Kwimihlaba yezixeko, umdiliya onguhlaza uyasetyenziswa ngokutsha kwiminyaka emininzi. Iifoto zeentyantyambo zeentyatyambo kunye nale sityalo zibalahle kakhulu.

IiVololets zibhekwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba ziziqhamo eziqhambileyo zendalo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiplani yeessembles zasezidolophini kuncinci. Ngokukodwa, izithintelo zenziwa ngumlinganiselo wazo omncinci kunye nexesha elifutshane elifutshane. Oku kubangela ubunzima ekukhetheni amaqabane kunye nokubeka iifolotshi kwiingoma.

Ubuhle kunye nokuzaliswa, ama-violets ahlale ekwahlukileyo kumaqela okanye kwiindawo. Iimpawu eziphawulekayo zityalo, xa zityhila ngokukhawuleza, iphunga, ubuhle beentyantyambo.

Le ngenye yezityalo ezona zizodwa ezidityanisiweyo ezihlambulula izimbali, i-rose bushes okanye i-landscape carpets, enika ubugcisa obuhle kunye nobuhle kuyo yonke into.

Kwakhona izixhobo eziphambene nemibhobho yeentyatyambo okanye i-mixborders, apho iintyatyambo zityalwa kwindawo yokuqala ukuze zibonwe. Ewe, ukuba ixesha leentyantyambo zazo lihambelana nexesha lokuqhafaza kwesityalo esityalwe kwintsimi yintyatyambo.

Ukutyala nokuveliswa kwezilwanyana

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi na iintlobo zeentlobo zezilwanyana, i-violets engapheliyo yegadi, ukunyamekelwa kunye nokuveliswa kwayo akukunikezeli iingxaki ezikhethekileyo, zisasazeka kwaye zihlwayelwa. Ngokuzenzekelayo, zisasazwa ngokunqunyulwa, ukuhlwayelwa kwembewu okanye ngokubeka (ukwahlula ihlathi):

1. Iinquntsho zinqunywe ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuJuni. Iimpawu zeziqhumane ziyahlula zibe ngamasentimitha amahlanu. Naliphi na iqela lokudubula kufuneka libe neenqatha ezintathu. Zonke iintyatyambo kunye nenxalenye yamacembe (kufuneka uhambe emithathu), kwaye iinqunqa phantsi kwe-slope zingene kwi-container enehlabathi ekhulayo ye-1 cm. Inyanga kamva, ukuhluma kwimihlaba kwenzeka kwaye isityalo sinokutshintshwa kwisithuba esigxina kunye nomgama phakathi kwamahlathi ka-10-30 cm.
2. Ukukhetha, khetha i-stem ende ukusuka kwicala uze uyijike emhlabathini, ugxininise ipini uze uyifefe ngomhlaba. Ngenyanga, ukuhoxiswa kuya kuthatha ingcambu kwaye iyahlukana.
3. Enye indlela yokuvelisa - ngokuhlukanisa ihlathi - ine-hornbeam enamaxoni ngenxa ye-rhizome ekhethekileyo, i-branching kuyo yonke indawo, apho iindawo ezincinci zikhula khona. Ihlathi eliqhelekileyo ligqitywa kwaye lihlukaniswe kwiindawo.

Ukutywina kwembewu yezilwanyana

Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokugqibeleleyo ngembewu igadi e-violet iyimihla. Ukutshala nokunyamekela kwakhe kuqala ekwindla. Imbewu ehlwayelweyo ihlwayelwa ngoSeptemba, kwaye izihluma ziyavela entwasahlobo elandelayo.

Ukuhlwayela imbewu yeVittroke violets kuxhomekeke kwiinjongo zokutyala:

1. Ngonyaka, izityalo zihlwayelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, xa iqondo lokushisa liphakama libe ngu -10 ° C. Emva kokuhlwayela, imbewu iphantsi kwaye ihlanganiswe nefilimu. Phantse iveki kamva kuya kuvela. Xa izityalo zinamaqabunga amane, zitsalwa kwindawo engunaphakade.
2. Ukutshala iminyaka emibini, imbewu ihlwayelwe ngoJuni ukuya kwintsimi yokutyala. Ngokukhawuleza kwibhedeni yeentyatyambo abayihlwayayo, njengoko ingaziwa ukuba mangaphi amahlumela aya kuba khona. Ukuba abayikuvuka bonke, kuya kuba ne "indawo ye-bald". Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, amahlumela atyunjwa, emva kokuvela kwamacembe amabini okwenyaniso, izityalo ziyahlanjululwa. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, izityalo ezincinci zityalwe kwindawo engunaphakade kunye nomgama we-10-15 cm. Ziza kuhluma kuphela ngonyaka ozayo, kodwa iintyatyambo ziya kuba zikhulu kwaye zikhulu.

Ukunyamekela kwe-violet

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-viola sisityalo esingenanto. Kodwa kukho imimiselo yeemeko ezifuneka ziqwalaselwe xa zikhulayo.

I-Violet ibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezinelanga. Kodwa inako ukukhula kunye ne-penumbra, kuphela iziqu zayo ziqala ukululaza ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ihlathi lilahlekelwe umlo.

Kubalulekile ukutyhala esi sityalo ngokuqhelekileyo: sithatha umswakama. Kodwa ukuba ibhedi ihlelwe kwintlambo, ngoko kufuneka uzinakekele ukuba akukho kuhlaselwa kwamanzi.

Zonke iiveki ezimbalwa, naluphi na isichumisi sezityalo eziqhambileyo singasetyenziselwa ukugqoka ii-violets, kodwa gwema i-organic organic: zineempendulo ezimbi kwi-viola.

Iintyatyambo ezifayo, kufuneka ulungele ukulungiswa, ngoko isityalo siya kuqhubeka nokunyamezela amehlo ngeentyatyambo.

Kwimozulu eshushu kakhulu, iziqu ze-viola zikhula ngamandla kwaye ihlathi lilahlekelwa ukukhenketha kwayo. Ukuze ubuyisele isityalo kwifom eqhelekileyo, kufuneka inqunywe. Kufanelekile ukusika ngisho neefowunethi ezineentyatyambo. Kufuneka uhlale unama-8 cm ubude. Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa i-viola iya kubuyiselwa kwakhona kwaye iyaqhubeka iqhuma.

Musa ukutshisa okubandayo nokubandayo kwamaqhekeza. Ukutyala kufuneka kube lula kunye namagatsha ama-fir amagatsha okanye amahlamvu angamaqabunga.

Izilwanyana nezifo

Njengawuphi na umyezo wegadi, i-violet ibonakala ingonakaliswa zizifo kunye nezinambuzane. Eziphambili zi:

1. Izitshalo, amaqabunga kunye namaqabunga achaphazela i-powdery isikhutha, i-cobweb kunye namachashaza amnyama avela. Iphathwe ngokutshiza nge-agent engenzileyo.
2. Amaqabunga ayichaphazela ukubonakala, isityalo siyabuna, usulelo luyakwazi ukuqhubeka nakwiimbewu. Kubalulekile ukutshabalalisa nokumba umbhede, ukucwangcisa ngekhemistry.
3. Isiseko se-stem sinqabile kwaye simnyama. Lo ngumlenze omnyama. Isizathu sokwanda kwezityalo, ulawulo lokukhanya kunye nobumswakama luphazamiseka. Umbhede kufuneka ukhululiwe, uhlulwe kwaye uphathwe ngokumelene nefungus.
4. Iintyatyambo zifakwe kwi-gray rot - i-plaque ephazamisayo. Isizathu asikho ukukhanya, ubuninzi bomswakama kunye ne-nitrogen. Unyango lubandakanya ukunqunyulwa, ukukhenkceza, ukuchumisa. Kwakhona kufuneka unyango lwamayeza.
5. Isityalo sichaphazeleka ngoMeyi-Juni ngamacimbi e-clover scoop kunye ne-mother-of-pearl violet. Kubalulekile ukuphalaza nge-infusion ye-tobacco kunye ne-chlorophos xa kubonakala izibungu ezincinane.