Intendelezo - into ezisisiseko izakhiwo yamaRoma

Intendelezo - yinxalenye engundoqo zezindlu yamandulo yamaRoma, i iyadi engaphakathi ukukhanya, waya kuyo yonke indawo. Le etymology lo gama livela intendelezo Latin, gama elo elithetha "nomsi", "black". Xa zokuhlala yamandulo intendelezo kukho Iziko umtshiso esisigxina, ngenxa yobukhulu encinane eyadini, ude mnyama, ngenxa yoko, mhlawumbi, waza waba negama lakhe. Kulo intendelezo, iziko yayilelona ichibi emvula.

Loo ulwakhiwo ekuso zezindlu baseRoma beza phantsi kwempembelelo ezaqanjwa of the People of yemarike zamaGrike kunye namakhaya abantu abaqhelekileyo ngayo. Kwabakho impembelelo kwezakhiwo Etruscan. Kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela, amaRoma akazange abe indlu nophuhliso. Naxa kwixesha nempumelelo bukhosi kwahlala inxenye enkulu intendelezo yendlu. Ezo uhlobo eyinhloko isakhiwo yokuhlala ebizwa intendelezo-peristyle.

Intendelezo - ngumbindi kwendlu yamaRoma, ibala elivulekileyo buxande, komplyuvium (compluvium). Kophahla intendelezo, iinxalenye ezine apho wehla waya phakathi, ekhohlo kwi embindini indawo evulekileyo, ukusuka apho amanzi emvula zaqhubeka zingena implyuvium ichibi (impluvium), acwangcise phezu emgangathweni. Uphahla kudla isekelwe kwiintsika ezine ezazimi ezimbombeni implyuviuma.

indlu waseRoma uhlobo lobuntu eqhotyoshelweyo intendelezo. Scheme Mark wakhe Vitruvius, ngokomakhi AmaRoma ziyahluka kwiintlobo ezimbini: kavedium open-air okanye uphahla intendelezo elisuke circumferentially, kunye gallery intendelezo ngesigqubuthelo oluqhubekayo.

Kavedium zohlulwa ngokwendidi 5:

• Intendelezo tuscanicum - uhlobo iqhelekileyo, eyaziwa ngokuba Etruscan. Lubonakala yi kophahla phakathi kunye umngxuma eziziingxande embindini, oko kumathambeka phantsi komplyuviumu. Uphahla ngxishi phezu kwemiqadi ezimbini ezinqamlezayo zicwangciswe emancamini komplyuviuma.
• Intendelezo tetrastylum kusetyenziswa xa ngaphezulu isixhobo kwizakhiwo. Lo isimbo aa Incopho iindonga ulwahlulo, kwasekwa uthotho kumagumbi ezijikeleze intendelezo. Ubume Uphahla ngokusekelwe kwiintsika ezine ezimbombeni komplyuviuma.
• Intendelezo corinthium efana elidlulileyo, kodwa waba komplyuvium enkulu kunye, ngokufanelekileyo, kukho inani elikhulu columns. EKorinte uhlobo okulala zimelwe colonnaded ukuxhasa uphahla ejongene ithambeka ngaphakathi.
• Intendelezo displuviatum waba uphahla kunye Imbobo embindini. Le mithambo wayedla ukhuselwe ikhusi ekhethekileyo evela emvuleni.
• Intendelezo testudinatum - intendelezo ivalekile ngokupheleleyo neengqameko.

Vula intendelezo, wadala ekwimo kwindlu yonqulo, kunye kwintendelezo owayamene porticoes ezimbini lateral. Kwi iyadi tablinium (gallery ngomthi) kunye kwemi evulekileyo ngaphambili. Tablinium sasinolwalamano kunye namagumbi angaphakathi kubude ububanzi (fauces).

Ekuqaleni intendelezo intendelezo ezahlulwe esuka emnyango wesitrato, leyo lavulwa amasiko. Kodwa ke waqalisa ukutshixa kwi lock. Igalelo, ngokufuthi iingcango ezingambini-igqabi wavula ngaphakathi. Phambi kwabo iziko sidla ibekwe. Kule nxalenye wendlu siyaya kumakhaya. Kukho nto zisontiweyo amakhoboka, nto leyo edla wayesebenza kunye iindwendwe ngokwakhe.

Kamva, intendelezo - yinto uhlobo ubuso ekhaya. Waba yahlulwe esemthethweni (Tablinum - ofisi, intendelezo, triklinium), ngaphambili kunye nenxalenye zabucala (kubikuly, peristyle - lokulala). Iindonga okulala ukukhanya ezihonjiswe esekelwe, amibala floor wabeka phandle, indawo pool ezonka. ngokweekholamu Marble eqingqiweyo zazihonjiswe intendelezo. Indlu kwaba nezivatho ngakumbi.

Amkhanuke izakhiwo enkulu, iye yabanjwa ngamaRoma xa zebhola ye ubukhosi, kuye kwenza ukuba ukucebisa amalungiselelo atriums kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente neetempile.

Bokwakha mihla ku "intendelezo" gama thile ezahlukeneyo. Intendelezo - ibala elivulekileyo kukho amaceba kwawo ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo, imigangatho eziliqela phezulu. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa kwamaziko mboniso, iihotele, amaziko oshishino, ofisi iinkampani ezinkulu - yenye izinto eziqhelekileyo lwemithombo.