Kiev yamandulo - elikomkhulu Russia yamandulo. Kiev yaMandulo: imbali bokwakha

Russia bamandulo abe ngumfundisi yenkcubeko eYurophu. zesayensi wayo, isimbo ibhodi, indlela yokuziphatha kunye yokwakha imangaliseke kude ngaphaya kwemida karhulumente. Akumangalisi iinkosana ehlonitshwa kakhulu, yaye ngamnye ababusi imbeko ukuze sibe ngabahlobo kwaye abe enxulumene nawo.

Umsunguli waseMelika emzini

Onke amagama - lo myalezo. Umyalezo eyayishiyeke ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo of izinyanya. Kwaye imbali Kiev yamandulo ubusithelisayo egameni layo.

Ilivo idumileyo malunga kokusekwa umzi - ibali abazalwana nesibindi abathathu: kiy, Isidlele, eHorebhe kunye nodade wabo omhle Lybid. Ngokutsho legend, intsapho ekupheleni kwenkulungwane V wabeka amatye yokuqala ngekamva yesixeko. Imbeko umzalwana wakhe omdala igama kulendawo. Kodwa uluvo lwenzululwazi wahlulwe kwi ukuchana le ngcamango. I yangaphambili bakholelwa ukuba ngempela yaba uyakubona kuphela, kunye nabazalwana bakhe - njengephupha abantu. Okwesibini ukuthandabuza ubukho mzalwana abadala. Ngokubanzi, Kiev wamandulo hayi kuphela isixeko awayakhayo abazalwana abathathu. Kananjalo EYurophu saa phezu amakhulu kwezinye iidolophu yamandulo kunye ingcambu efanayo. Ngoko ke, abaphandi kunye wagxeka ingqiqo.

Imvelaphi yegama

Yalahla iphupho Kiều, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba abanye. Ngoko ke, kukho igama elithi "Cove" ngolwimi zamaTurkic, eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "umlambo". "Kiwi" kwi lwesigodi Sarmatian kuthetha entabeni. Kukho uguqulelo elikude kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwakhe apho esixekweni yathatha igama layo ukusuka Prakrit (ulwimi yamandulo Indian), apho igama elithi "koyava" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "itrone loo ndawo." Ngenxa yokuba Kiev - elikomkhulu Russia yamandulo - ibekwe kwindawo esezintabeni kwi kweenxweme Dnieper, yaye ukususela ekusekweni kwayo kube embindini Israyeli kwezopolitiko, ngamnye inkcazelo unelungelo lokuba khona.

Yeyona ukutyhilwa kakhulu lomthonyama Slavic. Yeyona Igama lawo umzi kothiwa kususela elithi "uyakubona" - oko kukuthi, intonga, intonga. Ngoko ndaba ulime kwizazi nabathetheli, naseKiev wabiza yonke imizi ngemizi abo bantu babekho. Oku kuchaza ezininzi izixeko-namesakes eYurophu.

intliziyo Russia

Enyanisweni, njengoko imeko Kievan Rus 'yayingekabikho. Igama elithi livele zizazinzulu ukwenzela ukuthintela ukubhidana phakathi eRashiya, kwasekwa kwinkulungwane IX kunye impangele, apho amakhulu amahlanu abadala.

Ngelo xesha, omnye ithi ezinkulu eYurophu, embindini apho Kiev yamandulo, nje ngokuba Rus. Lo mmandla ihlalwa Eastern nokuxubana, apho kamva sibangele ukuba Ukraine, Belarusians kunye baseRashiya. Kuninzi esele yenziwe malunga nokusekwa of Commerce kaRhulumente. Ilizwe wabonakala phezu kwindlela yothutho ukusuka yaseScandinavia phantsi ecaleni Dnieper kuLwandle Black ukuya Byzantium. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba 'indlela esuka Vikings ukuya namaGrike. "

Phakathi kwinkulungwane IX e Novgorod kwathiwa Rurik ukuba silawule Vikings. Oku kwenziwa ngenjongo. Owasemzini kwafuneka ukubuyisela umyalelo. Kodwa eminye imithombo enokuthenjwa, nokuwamisa onke amazwi alo i "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" (ekhankanywe umlando kwezi ziganeko) ayikho. Ummeli we urhulumente omtsha sibafikele abantu, ngokuba kwimiqolo zakhe. Saqhubeka ukusuka Vikings kunye elithi "Rus".

Izikhulu yokuqala

Ngowe-862 bafika Rurik Askold kunye Dir ingxe- Kiev yamandulo. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo - la madoda Inzala odumileyo Chia, umseki mzi.

882 kwaba zaguquka kwimbali. Ngu Kiev wasondela Prince Oleg. Yena ukusuka uhlobo Rurik. Emva kokufa yokugqibela baba ibamba unyana wakhe Igor waza waqalisa ukulawula elizweni Novgorod. Ngexesha lohambo lwakhe weza Kiev ne bafunda nithane apho. Emva koko wazifihla umkhosi wakhe, wathi nabaphathi kuye, uzibiza yomthengisi. Askold and Dir zazifakwa igcina zaye zalunga ukuphunyezwa yi Oleg umkhosi. Bukhosi Igor waphawula ukuba entsapho njengenkosana, ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuba ahlale phezu kwetrone.

Ukususela Kiev yamandulo saba likomkhulu omtsha, ngaloo ndlela wokujoyina amaziko amabini nokuxubana. Yaba izazinzulu Prince Oleg bakholelwa umseki Kievan Rus.

namasiko lamaqaba

Elide phambi kokufika komhlaba Kiev omiweyo ngabalawuli zamaKristu kweentlanga, ngubani na ukuba inkcubeko yabo yokwakha.

Eastern nokuxubana bakholwa amandla endalo, baqubuda kubo. Iindawo zonqulo yaba amanqaku amandla, apho kukho amandla eyomeleleyo eyimfihlakalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, aba ezindulini. Balungiselela ookhokho bethu iitempile. Yaba wokuqala sokuyilwa lamandulo Kiev. Ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi bema ngemfano isithixo ngomthi okanye ngamatye. Ndaba isibingelelo, apho wanikela izipho abathembekileyo. Ezi tempile sele kufunyenwe kwiNtaba Annunciation, nto leyo indawo engcwele ngenxa uthixo Perun umbane.

Nokuxubana yakade kubaluleke kakhulu eziqhotyoshelwe ezintabeni, nangona bathe bahlala becala lomlambo. Kwiinduli babethandaza, babingelela. Kude kube ngoku, Kiev walondoloza iindawo zawo zokunqula. Ngokuqhelekileyo iba isangqa ilitye kunye projections ezimbombeni zone zomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, le iitempile zingamaziko zezopolitiko, wathetha imiba ebalulekileyo. Jikelele imephu geographical of Kiev yamandulo ivula zonke iindawo zonqulo amakholwa Old. ntaba nganye ibe embindini yombingelelo yezithethe.

Kukho izityholo ukuba abahedeni wakha iitempile iminyaka emininzi phambi kokuba senziwe ubuKristu.

pearl ubuKristu

Kuthi kwakufika wabathetheli yathandwa ubuKristu. Yaba isiseko sesakhiwo Russia, wabanika indlela entsha uphuhliso ngokomoya.

Ngaphambili, izinto zonqulo zazenziwe ngamaplanga. Ilitye yokuqala yaba liziko lonqulo icawe Izishumi, leyo wazukisa Kiev yamandulo. Photo yokwakha le wobugcisa wezakhiwo ithatha ingqalelo nenkcazelo yemicimbi yemihla. Ziqhelanise nale kunokuba kwi History of Kiev yimyuziyam.

Yaba ummangaliso esichaphazela ubutyebi babo kunye nokubengezela kwakho. Kuye ke yakhiwa malunga 989 neminyaka ngenxa irhafu. Kuba ekwakhiweni kwayo kwaziswa ngegcisa engcono kwiimeko-Byzantium. Uphinde ngokwenene zinokuhonjiswa ngaphakathi. Inani amibala-bala, esekelwe kunye icons nangoku azithathelwa count. Wobukhosi uqhekeko yayisisiqalo kokuwa kwayo.

izakhiwo Modern of Kiev

Imbali Kiev yamandulo igcinwe bokwakha kude kube namhlanje. Owona mzekelo okuphawuleka i St. Nozipho Cathedral. Amatye yokuqala babekwa 1037. Sasisebenza kuyo Constantinopolitan kunye Slavic nabayili. Ngenkulungwane XVII-XVIII, le ndlu yecawa kwakhona isimbo Ukrainian ezimbejembeje. Ngowe-1934, waba museum - Sofia Reserve.

Izazinzulu nangoku ukuphikisana ngokuba ngubani umqalisi ingcamango yokwakha icawa - Vladimir kunye nonyana wakhe Yaroslav.

Golden Gate - omnye Russia lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo, nto leyo emkholisayo nanamhlanje. Ukongeza ingqiqo yenkcubeko, ulwakhiwo injongo yokhuseleko yazala. Esi sixeko ngononophelo yakhiwe kwaye afuna iinqaba. Igama livela analog eConstantinople.

Architecture - umatshini ixesha eza kubonisa Kiev yamandulo. izinto Umfanekiso inokufumaneka kwinqaku, kodwa kungcono ukubona yona ngokwabo.