Napoleonic Ikhowudi: imbali kunye kwiziseko

I-Code Civil yamkelwa eFransi ngo-1804 kwaye igama iKhowudi uNapoleon, yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo izinto zomthetho kwi kwimbali yoluntu. Oku kungenxa nje kuphela egameni soMhlekazi, cishe naye yathatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kolu xwebhu, kodwa impembelelo enkulu ebe kuzo zonke yaseYurophu umthetho wobukhaya.

Emva kokuba iziganeko isiFrentshi Revolution zonke sikhokelo esemthethweni nezolawulo kweli lizwe uthathe ifomu kunokuba icacile: sobufundisi apha kunye nezithethe ezintsha revolution efile yobudala imithetho yayo endala sasebukhosini. Kulo mzekelo, kuba uninzi lwabantu kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba kukhuselwe ngokusemthethweni iinzuzo esisiseko ye revolution nokuthintela ukubuyela umyalelo endala. Yiyo lo mngeni kwaye ijolise ekusombululeni yaba Code Napoleonic.

Injongo yolu xwebhu kuvuthwa umlawuli elizayo ixesha elide. Wayesazi ukuba ngoncedo lobhaliso yemithetho amalungelo asisiseko nembambano yabemi eFransi , akwazi ukuzinzisa le meko eluntwini, ukunika amandla okuqhubela phambili uphuhliso yayo ngakumbi. IKhomishini ekhethekileyo kumisa ukuze kuyilwe, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo wathabatha Consul lokuqala uNapoleon Bonaparte. Eyona mithombo yemini yokulungiselela yale Khowudi ukuba indawo umthetho yabucala wamaRoma kwaye Declaration of the Rights of Man. NgoMatshi 1804, i-Code Civil yamkelwa wangena force.

Code UNapoleon ngo-1804 ibandakanya iindawo ezintathu. Inxalenye yokuqala unikezelwa kumaziko afana umtshato, elugcinweni, uqhawulo-mtshato, ukwamkelwa. Eyona migaqo ibalulekileyo kweli candelo le nokulingana abemi phambi komthetho kwaye inviolability amalungelo obunini.

Ukuba imiba zepropati isikhubekiso phakathi abanini ezindala kunye abanini ezintsha. Code UNapoleon kanye nokuba bonke ukusombulula le ngxaki, esibonisa ngaphandle inadmissibility lokwabiwa ngokucinezela lomhlaba kunye nezinye izibonelelo exemption propati.
Ubunini kwaye ithe gqolo ukuqonda inxalenye yesibini. Apha, ithi ngokukodwa ukuba kulahlwe impahla yayo iya ukulimaza abanye yaye, kwangaxeshanye, akukho mntu unokunyanzeliswa ukuba bashiye izinto zabo. Urhulumente ufanele ukurhwaphilizela kubo indima elingabalamli ngempahla phakathi kwabemi.

Inxalenye yawo yesithathu ye-Code Napoleonic isebenza kulwalamano yesivumelwano evela ngumnini. Okokuqala, kweli candelo hlela intengiselwano, phakathi ezimi ngaphandle kwesivumelwano ilifa yentengiso kunye nokunikela. Okwesibini, imisele imiqathango ekhubekisayo ubudlelwano, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo nga ingqalelo ukulingana ngokuzithandela kunye esemthethweni amaqela.

I-Civil Code of 1804 yaba ikhowudi yokuqala kwemithetho eFransi, okufanayo lonke elo lizwe. Kamva, waqhutywa kuzo French zonke amathanga, yaye kamva samkelwa yamazwe aseYurophu kwaye American.

Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Code Civil, omnye umsebenzi mthetho mlawuli odumileyo likaThixo ayiphelelanga. Ngokulinganayo wayeyimvumi edumileyo kunye yoLwaphulo Code of uNapoleon, owamkelwe ngowama-1810 kwaye inika isiseko somthetho ukuze utshutshiso -mthetho.