Ziziphi izizathu uqeqeshelwa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo collectivization abaninzi? Ixabiso ngokuziphatha kwalo jikelele

De kube ngoku, ababhali-mbali akakwazi ukuza kwisivumelwano malunga collectivisation kwixesha ulawulo Stalin kaThixo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ngenxa nto Russia wakwazi kwiminyaka nje embalwa ukuya indlela yophuhliso, apho amanye amazwe wathatha amashumi. Abanye bathi umsantsa phakathi iminqweno capitalism, izicwangciso ngqiqweni kunye nomgaqo engqongqo abasemagunyeni kukhokelele ekubeni izinga acwangcisiweyo kwimveliso kunye maxesha akukho kunye kunokwenzeka eyona ungqamane, ngenxa yokuba abantu ngenkani bawagqogqa ngabandayo ngokupheleleyo kubo.

Izizathu ezasenza amandla ukuba ukhetha collectivization

imveliso yezolimo Russia kakhulu aqaphela kuzo zonke izalathisi evela iinkokeli zehlabathi. Ngokucacileyo, oku luthintelwa kunye nomgangatho ngokubanzi sophuhliso karhulumente omkhulu. Ukuba ixesha angabhalwanga kusonjululwe ingxaki backwardness yobugcisa, kwekhono aphantsi imveliso yezolimo, eli lizwe uhlale ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso lalo, liye kwasilela emva West kwiminyaka elikhulu. Ngapha koko, nkqu ukuvelisa kuzithengisa ingqolowa zonke izibonisi azizange ngokwaneleyo zaphuhliswa.

Xa kuvela umbuzo, zithini izizathu ukutshintshela kwi-nkqubo we collectivization abaninzi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iphulo ukuthengwa 1927-28, nto leyo eye ubunzima zonke iimpawu ntlekele, enyanisweni ibe sizathu siphambili ukuqaliswa kwe-nkqubo collectivization abaninzi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela inqanaba sigqibo enxulumene "iiklasi" ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho amaqela kaStalin, waba iziphumo collectivization ukuba ukuvelela kakhulu, kuba abalimi yayibonakala kuphela xa umncedisi we zabokudidi oluphangelayo, apho kwakukho nantsingiselo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, uzisole yokuba kujongwe ukuba, yonke inkqubo kwafuneka ukuba aye ngokusebenzisa ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kusetyenziswa iindlela ugonyamelo, nto leyo obagwebelayo ngokwayo amaxesha amaninzi.

Ingcamango collectivization emehlweni kwabasemagunyeni kunye nabantu

Ukuze ngamandla collectivization, ngamafutshane, kwaba nto kodwa nokudalwa oomatshini eyomeleleyo, eyomeleleyo zolimo, ezibe phantsi ngamandla ukwenza izicwangciso ngokukhawuleza intambo ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifunekayo uphuhliso.

Kuba abantu abaqhelekileyo, collectivization yaba ngenkani abethelelwe iyunithi mbono olawulo onzima, nto leyo ayifani kakhulu kweefama ngenxa yokuba iminyaka ukuba ukuqokelela ipropati, izilwanyana, isitokhwe abafaka nje phantsi kolawulo kwabanye, kungekho siqinisekiso ukubuyela okanye ukufumana izinzile ingeniso.

mbali abaninzi, ngubani wacinga umbuzo wokuba yintoni ebangela yenguqu ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo collectivization abaninzi, singatsho siqinisekile ukuba, ukuba imveliso kunyaka 1927-28 lwalulude isivuno ukusebenza yawa izihlandlo ezisibhozo, ngoko mhlawumbi enobundlobongela ndlela ngeke isetyenziswe ngendlela engqongqo enjalo.

Esi sigqibo senziwe kwaye kufuneka ibe

Kwaba phezu elinesihlanu Congress of the CPSU (b) collectivization lwabhengezwa le njongo ephambili. Abanomdla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukuze afeze izithembiso zawo benefits, nokuncipha irhafu, baba ukuhambisa iteknoloji abasebenzi-the-art phambili. Kwaye xa ufaka igama elithi "ngenkani" kwi ekuqaleni collectivization ngobuninzi kwaba sekunjalo ngokuzithandela noko, ngowe-1929, kule nto.

imigomo

Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo oko ebangela akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo collectivization abaninzi, kufuneka baqonde iinjongo ezisisiseko ezabekwayo.

1) Cities lakhula ngokukhawuleza, kwafuneka ukulungiselela iindleko kwezolimo. Kodwa inqanaba yabo yophuhliso kunye nokusebenza ukuze aphumeze injongo ezo sezantsi kakhulu.

2) Kuye kwacetywa ukuba kwiminyaka yokuqala kweziphumo collectivization, oko kukuthi ukwanda ongenisa okuziinkozo, iya kuvumela ukuba refinance ezolimo nje kuphela, kodwa inkqubo ye mveliso.

Cannibalization. izinto

Ukuhluthwa kweefama ngamnye kwenzeka baphalaza igazi neenyembezi. Abantu abaye bakwazi ukufikelela phezulu ezithile kuphuhliso loqoqosho yayo, akafuni ukunikezela ipropati, izilwanyana, izixhobo "phantsi iphiko iifama nemibutho", kodwa izimvo zabo neminqweno akukho bani uza kubethwa ngoyaba. Ayizange ukunceda, yaye irhafu ephezulu, iimeko tight ngetyala. Antikolhoznye ngomdlalo, eziqale entwasahlobo ka 1930, a xi kancinane ebuthathaka evela kwabasemagunyeni, amafama aqala ukuhamba iifama nemibutho yabasebenzi, kodwa ekwindla ka collectivization indlela ngobundlobongela kuqaliswe unamandla ahlaziyiweyo.

Hayi zakha zaba zinye, njengoko kulindelekile, yavelisa iziphumo collectivization. Iminyaka ezichithwa ekudalweni umatshini kwezolimo enye, ukuze abantu abasebenzi bengenamdla yokusebenza wakhe kancinane njenge eqhubela phambili. Kunciphisa kakhulu inani imfuyo, imveliso incipha, ukuthunyelwa isonka zinyukile yaye ngenxa yoko, indlala ka-1932-33.

Ngoku ukuba ukuqonda impendulo yombuzo yintoni na izizathu ukutshintshela kwi-nkqubo we collectivization abaninzi, lubonisa oku kulandelayo: "Kutheni abasemagunyeni andifuni ukubona ukuba umbono wabo ndingungantweni, kuba yona nje nako ngaphandle inkuthazo uphuhliso loqoqosho ukuze?"