Ikomkhulu uAsiriya umzi ngokuba "sisikhundla iingonyama", "Igazi City"

Imbali yehlabathi lamandulo imnandi kakhulu. bonisa okukhethekile ubukho amatshatshazi amhlophe, nto leyo itshiswe umdla kuphela, ebangela ukubhabha ngokukhawuleza ingako. Phakathi impucuko sokuqala esingabantu Kuyaphawuleka waseAsiriya, ibekwe ekwelaseMesopotami, inxalenye yayo kumntla. Ekuseni ikomkhulu waseAsiriya - umzi uAshur (okanye Asiriya), ogama emva uthixo ephakamileyo uAshur. Kuyo igama esanikwa bonke obo bukhosi.

A bit yomlando

Kwisiqingatha sesibini BC yesithathu kwi Arabia kabukhali mandundu kwemozulu. Kwenza abemi balo (izizwe isiJuda) ukuya kwindlela befuna indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala. Ukuhamba ukuya emntla empumalanga, beza aram, apho bahlala izalamane zabo ekufuphi - i Akadi.

Ngabanye, bakha imizi, ngoko yaba yinxalenye bukhosi. Izixeko eziphambili Ninevia ngentsimbi, kunye uAshur Arbela ukuba XV kuyo. BC Belikhona wodwa, ngokwahlukileyo enye kwenye.

Ikomkhulu yokuqala uAsiriya

Kukholelwa ukuba wesixeko uAshur, nto leyo eyaba embindini kwilizwe elincinane, inxaxheba kurhwebo. Le yayilawulwa ngabarhwebi, kwaye izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kuluntu lwabo. Yaba abo bafika eAsia Minor, apho lasekwa ngamathanga eziliqela. Umlawuli komzi (ishshiakkum) yaba namandla ngokupheleleyo, yaye ilifa kwisihloko sakhe. indawo yayo yokuba impembelelo kwaba yinkolo, oko kukuthi, nguye umbingeleli omkhulu nabaziintloko yomkhosi, wada yayidlala indima njengentloko yeBhunga. Kamva iBhunga kuquka abantu abasondeleyo ishshiakkumu, nto leyo yaba inkosi ngokwenene.

Le XXIII kulo. BC ndawo (ikomkhulu waseAsiriya ngokunjalo) yaba phantsi kolawulo ubukumkani waseAkkad, yaye emva ukoyisa kwakhe abantu kuti yafumana inkululeko. Namhlanje siyakwazi ukubona amabhodlo oku kanye mkhulu mzi-260 km ukusuka Baghdad.

Okunye alubonisayo

• Zibon-Sharrukin. Nangona isixeko - hayi ikomkhulu yokuqala waseAsiriya, wayedlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi boluntu. Ifunyanwa iiyure ezintathu ukusuka iNineve, yayinguye yokuhlala yesibini kumkani. Le ndawo yokuhlala yasekwa ngo nguSargon II ngo-711 BC Zibon-Sharrukin (Khorsabad namhlanje) yayibiyelwe ngeendonga ezinkulu, yaye ngaphakathi unebhotwe elikhulu amagumbi ezimakhulu mabini. Wasisusa uhombiso oqingqiweyo abazizityebi zilondolozwe kwi Louvre (Paris).
• Amanxiwa nesaseNimrud (Kalha) namhlanje e-Iraq kufuphi nesixeko iMosul. Settlement lusekelwe uShalmanesere I kwi BC XIII kwinkulungwane, yaye emva kweminyaka emine Ashurnasirpal II wenza ikomkhulu lakhe. Kamva, le dolophu yatshatyalaliswa abendlu ka amaMedi namaKaledi. Apha kumi Ibhotwe, engqongwe iindonga izakhiwo. Ngexesha kwimingxuma afunyanwa kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo izidalwa iingcinga, imikrolo ezininzi, imikrolo, iipleyiti udaka yokubhala. Ngelishwa, ngexesha i Iraq imfazwe, umzi amandulo eyonakeleyo.

ukusongela iNineve

Le yenye imali waseAsiriya. City ebizwa ngokuba 'emhadini weengonyama, "" igazi esixekweni. " Ngaba waye Mosul yanamhlanje (Iraq) phezu kodonga lasekhohlo kweTigris - ezindulini Kuyunjik. Igama layo uyiqhelile bonke eBhayibhileni. Njengoko ababhali-mbali bathi, INineve yasekwa malunga phakathi kwe BC yenkulungwane yesihlanu Isixeko eyintloko wenza Sennahirib kunye nonyana wakhe Ashurbanipal.

Ngexesha ngexesha layo, iNineve wolula ecaleni emlanjeni iikhilomitha ezine, kwaye kwisitrato esikhulu uba ububanzi buziimitha 26. Ikomkhulu waseAsiriya, ezinomfanekiso isicwangciso olucacileyo engqongqo, leyo balelwa likhankanya ukuba ndaphule.

Kodwa naye yoyiswa lokukhokhela enamandla. Ikomkhulu waseAsiriya - iNineve - yatshatyalaliswa yiBhabhiloni kunye zamaMedi. Uzixholele amanxuwa, abembi ziye wafumanisa iintsalela i Kuyundzhikskoy elidumileyo Library yasebukhosini, leyo izindlu malunga amathathu amawaka amacwecwe odongwe. Kwakhona wafumana ukubumba polychrome, imifanekiso zobhedu, imikrolo kunye eqingqiweyo kubagcini yesango ezininzi - zeenkomo ezinamaphiko kunye neengonyama.

Inkangeleko umzi

Ikomkhulu waseAsiriya, kumaxesha amandulo yaba yokuhlala encinane. Kodwa ngamaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile, xa uThixo wathumela uYona eNineve, ukuba yinto enkulu unprecedentedly. umsunguli wayo ithathwa unyana kaKumkani nguSargon uSenaribhe. Wenza isixeko ikomkhulu lakhe kwaye kuhlala phantsi ngendlela enkulu.

Ikomkhulu waseAsiriya - "iingonyama sisikhundla" - Wayengqongwe udonga kakhulu ubude neekhilomitha ezilishumi elinambini. Yayikumgama malunga neshumi elinesihlanu emasangweni. Amanzi ongena kwisixeko kusetyenziswa ububanzi ijelo leemitha-20 kunye nobude kwama-50 km, leyo ke ngalaa msele, ngoko emjelweni. Umlawuli waba nobubele abakhi emseleni njengoko bungqinelwa nguwo mibhalo.

Ikomkhulu waseAsiriya - isixeko iNineve - umiwe ngabantu 170,000! umtya ifikelela km 150. Ngaphakathi kulendawo abazange kuphela izigodlo neetempile, kodwa emadlelweni, imiyezo. Tsar street waphuphuma asphalt, ihonjiswe kunye eqingqiweyo ezineenkcukacha yaye ububanzi ngaphezu Nevsky Prospekt eSt Petersburg namhlanje.

Ukuwa mzi mkhulu

Kodwa ikomkhulu waseAsiriya lalingayi. City ebizwa ngokuba 'emhadini weengonyama, "" igazi isixeko "kunye nabemi balo - abantu abanekratshi yaye ukhohlakele. IBhayibhile yaprofeta ngokutshatyalaliswa kweNineve, ukuguquka entlango. Kodwa zokungqinga yokuqala yamaMedi ebukumkanini Ashurbanipal yena wasinda. Isiphelo ngamandla ubukhosi Asiriya xa izizwe yoyiswa wafuna ngamandla ukuba balahle idyokhwe.

Ngo-614, i-Ofisi waseBhabheli ngokubambisana noMbutho amaMedi kungqinga isixeko. abemi bayo banikwa i ekwalile ofanelekileyo, kodwa amabutho ukungalingani. Ukongeza, abahlaseli baya iqhinga; bawatshabalalisa idama, enika uTiger ithuba baphume kweendonga zayo ndikutshayele inxalenye iindonga. Abahlaseli baphanga ikomkhulu kanye enkulu yadilizwa kwi phantsi. Kuphela phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-yeshumi elinesithoba, iNineve, uye wabuya zisabonakala enkosi kwimisebenzi wabagrumbi-ziza zakudala Genri Leyyarda Aston.

Uphawu ngembali

Nangona ikomkhulu waseAsiriya yamandulo yawa, ekuphawuleni ukufa liphela ubukhosi, kodwa oko akuthethi ndilahleka labyrinths yembali. Ukuphawulwa kwabantu bayo ngoku uze kuvela kumaphepha yemicimbi yemihla kamva, oko ngaphandle kunqabile kweyobunzululwazi.

I-Asiriya abonakaliswa, hayi yayingeyonxalenye, waza wemka, waya ezintabeni wefilosofi सुटणें ugwetyelo, apho baqhubeka belandela izithethe wooyise. Imibhalo amaxesha kaDariyo Mna ndicebisa ukuba ngexesha ukwakhiwa ibhotwe yasetyenziswa ngemisedare, kwaziswa eLebhanon yi-Asiriya. Ababhali Arab zamaXesha Aphakathi bathi abantu bamandulo ukuqhubeka siphila kwilizwe labo. A ibhishopu ye-Armenian Church ngoku Mosul kwaye sibizwa-Asiriya. Ngenyanga yokuqala yonyaka ubhiyozela iMini iNineve kunye koyisa ibonwe kunye nesiqulatho. Njengokuba inzala ka-Asiriya agcine uzilo ezizodwa, kanye njengokuba kwakunjalo ookhokho babo. Banxibe iminqwazi etsobhileyo ezenziwe ngoboya, zaba noboya ezifana nezo zichazwa kwi yamandulo BAS-imikrolo. Kwaye ezi iminqwazi abazange eqhelekileyo naphi na eMpuma.

endaweni yesiphelo

IBhayibhile isixelela ibali kwidolophu ihlwempu, leyo, efana eBhabheli, zitshone esonweni nekratshi. Yiyo ke loo nto umbona wabulawa ngendlela efanayo njengoko sele kwangaphambili. Kodwa ababhali-mbali bezinto zakudala ibonisa kuyenye - a yokuhlala ngokumangalisayo omkhulu ngelo xesha wayeza amalungiselelo isicwangciso wacinga-out ngenyameko. imfuyo yakhe ayikwazanga asilele ukutsala kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo wazuza amandla kuphela kwaye kufuneka imali. Kungenxa yoko le nto kutshintshwe uBukhosi baseAsiriya weza nakwezinye izixeko ukuba ubukhulu becala ngaphantsi kuphela eNineve, kodwa nesaseNimrud kunye uAshur.