Izixhobo zenuzi kunye neentlobo zabo

Izixhobo zamandla enyukliya namhlanje enye yezona zinamandla kakhulu. Uphuhliso lwayo lwenziwa ngamazwe amaninzi. Ezihlanu zazo zingabizwa ngamandla enyukliya. Le yi-United States, eChina, eRussia, eFransi nase-United Kingdom. Sekunjalo amazwe athile abandakanyeka ekuphuhlisweni kule ndawo, kodwa ayikafiki iqondo elifanelekileyo. Iinjongo ezizitshitshiswayo azihlali zihlala zihlaziye. Ngoko ke, imveliso yayo kufuneka iyancishiswe kwaye igcinwe phantsi kolawulo olukhethekileyo.

Imbali yendalo ide kakhulu. Kodwa iimvavanyo zokuqala zezixhobo zenyukliya zenzeke ngo-1945, xa i-US ilahle ibhomu kwiidolophu zaseJapan zaseHiroshima naseNagasaki. Kukho intlekele eyingozi. Ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nemihlatshelo yayininzi. Kwiminyaka emininzi i-echoes yale ntshukumo yenza bazive.

Izixhobo zenyukliya zisebenza ngokuhlula iisuclei zezinto ezinzima (iputonium, uranium, njl). Inkokhelo yayo ingaba ngeendidi eziliqela.

I-thermyukliya enye yeentlobo. Isenzo salo ukuvelisa izitye zokukhanya. Ukuze kwenzeke oku, kuyimfuneko ukudala ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, obufezekiswa ngokuqhuma kwe- athomu.

I-charge ye-neutron ihluke kwi-yangaphambili ngenani elikhulu le-neutron kwimveliso.

Ekugqibeleni, intlawulo ehlambulukileyo, eyaziwa yinqanaba elincinci le-isotophi e-radioactive.

Izixhobo zenyukliya ziqulethe inkqubo ye-othomathikhi kunye ne-shell. Ezi zizinto zayo eziphambili.

I-hull yenza njengendawo yokuhlawula i-nyukliya kunye ngqo ne-automation system ngokwayo. Kwakhona kunokukhusela kwimonakalo engozini kunye nemiphumo yangaphandle. Inkqubo yokuzenzekelayo yenzelwe ukuqhuma ngexesha elithile. Kwakhona kuvimbela ukuqhuma ngokukhawuleza kwerhafu. Iqulethwe ngamalungu amaninzi: inkqubo yokutshaja, umthombo wamandla, inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwexesha eliphuthumayo, ukukhuselwa kunye nokukhutshwa kwezixhobo zokuqhuma.

Ukunikezelwa kwezixhobo zokuya kuyo, iindawo ezinamaphiko, eziphikisayo kunye neenqwelo zezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo.

Iimbane zezixhobo zenukliya zikhulu. Ikwahlula kwii-calibers ezilandelayo: ezincinci, ezincinane-ezincinci, ezinkulu, eziphakathi kunye ezinkulu.

Izixhobo zenyukliya zingasetyenziswa emoyeni, ngaphantsi komhlaba okanye ngaphaya kwayo. Ukuqhuma kuqhutyelwa kwithuba lomoya kwaye kunokuba luphezulu kwaye luphantsi. Ukwahlula phakathi kokuqhuma komhlaba okanye ngaphantsi kwamanzi okwenzeka ngqo ngaphantsi komhlaba, nangaphantsi komhlaba okanye ngaphantsi kwamanzi.

Izixhobo zenuzi zisebenza njani? Ukuqhuma kwalo kubangelwa zizinto ezithile. Okokuqala, oku kuyimpembelelo yombane. Ivelisa i- wave wave, eyenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqhuma. Okwesibini, le ntsebenzo yomshushu. Oku kunyuka okukhulu kweqondo lokushisa kwindawo echaphazelekayo. Emva kokuqhuma e-Hiroshima, le ndawo yayiyiikhilomitha ezine. Kule ngqungquthela, izinga lokushisa lafikelela kwinqanaba apho umzimba womntu waphenduka waba ngumlotha. Kwaye umphumo wokugqibela, obangelwa kukuqhuma kwenyukliya, umbane. Iqala ngokuqhuma kwaye ihlala ixesha elide kakhulu.

Igunya lezenzo zalezi zigaba lixhomekeke kuhlobo lokuhlawulwa. Ukuqhubela phambili into okanye umntu ovela kwindawo yokuqhuqhuma ikhona, ngaphantsi kwinqanaba leempembelelo zezixhobo zenukliya.

Amandla angaphantsi kwezixhobo zamandla enyukliya. Yenzelwe ukutshabalalisa iinjongo ezithile. Ezi ziquka iibhomu ze-aircraft, torpedoes, imigodi ephantsi, njl. Ngokuqinisekileyo onke amagunya enyukliya ahloniphekileyo anezixhobo ezinjalo. Umthamo wenani lala macala alidluli iiklotoni eziliqela.

Ubuntu bujongene nomngeni wokuthintela ukwanda kwezixhobo zenyukliya kunye nokukhusela uhlanga lweengalo. Akusebenzi nje kuphela ukugcina uxolo, kodwa kunokubangela ukutshabalaliswa kwabantu bonke.