Iintlobo zombane: i-linear, intra-cloud, komhlaba. Ukuphuma kombane. Umbane wenziwa njani

Umbane - enye yezinto eziqhelekileyo ezinesibindi esiphefumlelweyo sabantu. Ukuqonda intsingiselo yayo yayifuna iingqondo ezikhulu, ezifana no-Aristotle okanye uLucretius. Baye bakholelwa ukuba le ibhola eququzelelwe ngumlilo kwaye iyanqanda kumafu emanzini, kwaye, ngokunyuka ngobukhulu, iyanqumla kwaye i-spark evuthayo iwa phantsi.

Ingcamango yombane kunye nemvelaphi yayo

Isibane esiphezulu sivame ukubunjwa ngeendudumo, ezinobungakanani obukhulu. Inxalenye ephezulu inokufumaneka kwindawo ephakamileyo yeekhilomitha ezingama-7, kwaye inxalenye engezantsi imitha engama-500 kuphela ngaphezulu komhlaba. Ngokuqwalasela ukushisa kwemoya yomoya, umntu unokufikelela kwisigqibo sokuthi kwinqanaba lika-3-4 km amanzi aphephezela kwaye aphenduke ngamabhobho e-ice edibeneyo kwaye atyhelwa. Labo banesayizi enkulu, bafumana umrhumo ombi, kunye neyona encinci - efanelekileyo. Ngokusekelwe kwisisindo sabo, basasazwa ngokufanayo efini kwiindawo ezibekwe kuzo. Ngokusondelelana komnye nomnye, benza i-plasma channel, apho i-spark kagesi ebizwa ngokuba ngumbane ifunyanwa. Ifomu yalo ephukileyo, ivela ngenxa yokuba kwindlela eya ehlabathini ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iindidi zomoya ezahlukileyo ezenza imiqobo. Kwaye ukuba ujikeleze, kufuneka utshintshe umkhondo.

Inkcazo yombane yombane

Ukukhutshwa kombane okhishwayo ukusuka kuma-109 ukuya ku-1010 amathole yamandla. Inani elinjalo lombane lisetyenziselwa umlinganiselo omkhulu wokudala ukukhanya okukhanyayo kunye nomsindo wokutshitshiswa, okunye kuthiwa yi-thunder. Kodwa nangona inxalenye encinane yombane yanele ukwenza izinto ezingenakucingeka, umzekelo, ukukhutshwa kwayo kunokubulala umntu okanye ukutshabalalisa isakhiwo. Enye into ebangel 'umdla kukuba le nzekayo yendalo inokukwazi ukuncibilikisa isanti, ukwenza ama-cylinders angenanto. Esi siphumo siphumelele ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu ngaphakathi kwombane, ingafikelela kuma-degree angama-2000. Ixesha leempembelelo ngokumelene nomhlaba lihlukile, alikwazi ukuba ngaphezu kwesibini. Ngokuphathelele amandla, i-pulse amplitude inokufikelela kumawaka eeklowatts. Ukudibanisa zonke ezi zinto, sifumana ukukhutshwa kendalo okwenyukayo okwangoku, okuza kubakho ukufa kuzo zonke ezichaphazelayo. Zonke iintlobo zombane ezikhoyo ziyingozi kakhulu, kwaye ukudibana nabo kubaluleke kakhulu kumntu.

Ukwakhiwa kweNdudumo

Zonke iintlobo zombane azikwazi ukucingelwa ngaphandle kweendudumo ezingenayo ingozi enye, kodwa kwezinye iimeko zingakhokelela ekusebenziseni ukungasebenzi komnatha kunye nezinye iingxaki zobuchwepheshe. Kubangelwa kukuba umoya ofudumalayo, ovuthayo ngombane kwiqondo lokushisa kunokushisa ilanga, udibana nebandayo. Isandi esivela kule nto ayikho ngaphandle komtsalane obangelwa kukungcoliswa komoya. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ivolumu ikhuphuka ekupheleni kokugqitywa. Oku kungenxa yokubonakalisa isandi esivela emafini.

Ziziphi izibane?

Kuvela ukuba bonke bahluke.

1. Umbane onqamlekileyo - udidi oluqhelekileyo. Umqulu wombane ukhangeleka uhla, umthi uninzi. Eminye imizuzu embalwa emxinayo kunye emfutshane "ihlumela" ishiya ikhendi enkulu. Ubude bokukhutshwa okunjalo kunokufikelela kumawaka angama-20, kwaye amandla okwangoku anama-20,000 amperes. Isantya sokunyakaza sikhilomitha ezili-150 ngomzuzwana. Ubushushu be-plasma obuzalisa umbane wombane, ufikelela kuma-10 000 degrees.

2. Umbane we-intraline - imvelaphi yale ntlobo ihamba kunye nokutshintsha kwimizi yamagesi kunye nombane, kunye namaza omsakazo aphuma. Uluhlu olunjalo lunokufumaneka kufutshane ne-equator. Kwiindawo ezihamba kakuhle, kubonakala kunqabile. Ukuba kukho umbane elifini, into exhamlekileyo ephulaphula ingqibelelo yegobolondo, umzekelo, i-airplane enefuthe okanye intambo yensimbi, inokuyenza ukuba iphume. Ubungakanani buya kusuka kwi-1 kuya kweekhilomitha ezili-150.

3. Umbane womhlaba - le ntlobo idlula kwiinqanaba eziliqela. Ekuqaleni kwabo bayothusa ionization iqalisa, eyadalwa ekuqaleni kwee-electrons zamahhala, zihlala zikhona emoyeni. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yendawo yombane, iinqununu zepulayimu zifumana ukunyuka okuphezulu kwaye zijoliswe emhlabeni, zihamba kunye nama-molecule ezenza umoya. Ngaloo ndlela, kukho ii-avalanche ze-electronics, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-streamers. Ziyamashaneli, ezidibeneyo, zikhonza njengesizathu sombane oqhaqhaqhaqhayo, olushushu. Ufika emhlabathini ngesimo sezinga elincinci, kuba endleleni yakhe inemingcipheko, kwaye ujikeleze kubo, utshintshe ulathiso. Ijubane lezithuthi li malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-50 000 ngesibini.

Emva kokuba umbane udlula umendo wayo, iphetha ukunyuka kweemininzi ezincinci ze-microseconds, ekukhanyeni ukukhanya. Emva koko, isigaba esilandelayo siqala: ukuphindaphinda komendo odlulileyo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoko kutshatyalaliswa ekugqibeleni kuzo zonke ezidlulileyo, amandla okwangoku kuwo angakwazi ukufikelela kumawaka amabini ama-amperes. Iqondo lokushisa ngaphakathi kwelayini liye litshintsha ama-degree angama-25 000. Olu hlobo lombane lude kakhulu, ngoko imiphumo ingaba nzima.

Pearl Zippers

Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga naluphi uhlobo lombane, umntu akanakukulahlekelwa yinto enqabileyo yendalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukugqithiswa kudlula emva komgca kwaye kuphinda kuphindwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kulapha nje ngokubonakala ngathi ibhola, ekude ukusuka komnye nomnye kwaye ifana neembalo zezinto ezixabisekileyo. Lo mbane uhambelana nezandi eziphakamileyo nezandi.

Umbane weBhola

Inkalo yendalo xa umbane uthatha uhlobo lwebhola. Kule meko, umzila wokubaleka kwawo ungabonakali, okwenza kube yingozi nakakhulu kumntu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, loo mandla kagesi asebenza kunye nezinye iindidi, kodwa ukubonakala kwayo kubhalwe kwimeko yesimo sezulu.

Umbane wenziwa njani? Lo ngumbuzo odla ngokufunwa ngabantu abajongene nale nto. Njengoko wonke umntu uyazi, ezinye izinto zihamba phambili zihamba ngombane, kwaye kunjalo kuzo, ukuqokelela umrhumo wabo, kwaye ibhola iyaqala ukuvela. Kwakhona kubonakala kumbane omkhulu. Ababonela ngamehlo bathi ivela nje kungekho ndawo.

Ububanzi bombane buhluka ukusuka kumitha ambalwa ukuya kumitha. Ngokubhekiselele kumbala, kukho iindlela ezininzi: ukusuka kumhlophe kunye nophuzi ukuya ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza, kunqabile kakhulu ukufumana ibhola emnyama. Emva kwenyuka ngokukhawuleza, ihamba ngokukhawuleza, malunga nemitha ukusuka emhlabeni. Umbane onjalo unokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza umzila wakhe kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukunyamalala, ukukhulula amandla amakhulu, okubangela ukutyhafa okanye ukutshabalalisa izinto ezahlukeneyo. Uhlala kwiminitha elishumi ukuya kwiiyure eziliqela.

I-Sprite-zipper

Uninzi kuninzi, ngo-1989, izazinzulu zathola olunye uhlobo lombane, obizwa ngokuba yi- sprite . Ukufunyanwa kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yokuba le nto yinto engabonakaliyo kwaye iphela kuphela kwishumi kwisibini. Ukusuka kwezinye iindawo zokukhutshwa kombane, ziyaziwa ngokuphakama kwazo apho zivela khona - malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-50 ukuya ku-30, ngelixa ezinye iipasipesi aziweleli umda we-kilometer-15. Kwakhona i-sprite-zipper ihluke ngobubanzi obukhulu, obufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezili-100. Zibukeka ngathi zinamakholomu ezikhanyayo kwaye zivuke ngamaqela. Umbala wabo uhluka ngokuxhomekeka kobunzulu bomhlaba: kufuphi nomhlaba, apho i-oksijeni engaphezulu, iluhlaza, iluphuzi okanye imhlophe, kodwa ngaphantsi kwefuthe le-nitrogen, ekuphakameni kwama-70 km, bafumana umthunzi obomvu obomvu.

Ukuziphatha ngexesha lokuduma kweendudumo

Zonke iintlobo zombane zenza ingozi engavamile kwimpilo nakubomi bomntu. Ukuphepha ukutshitshiswa kombane, kwindawo evulekile, le mithetho ilandelayo kufuneka ilandelwe:

1. Kule meko, izinto eziphezulu ziwela kwiqela leengozi, ngoko gweba indawo evulekile. Ukuze ube phantsi, kungcono ukuhlala phantsi ufake intloko yakho nesifuba emadolweni akho, xa unokutshatyalaliswa kwesi sihloko siya kukhusela zonke izitho ezibalulekileyo. Akukho mzekelo ongenakulala phantsi, kungekhona ukwandisa indawo enokuthi ihlaselwe.
2. Kwakhona, musa ukufihla phantsi kwemithi ende kunye ne- lampposts. Izakhiwo ezingakhuselekanga okanye izinto zetsimbi (umzekelo, i-picnic canopy) yiindawo ezifihlakeleyo.
3. Ngexesha lokuduma kweendudumo, kufuneka ukhuphe ngokukhawuleza amanzi, kuba ngumqhubi omhle. Ukungena kuwo, ibhendi yombane ingasasazeka kalula kumntu.
4. Ungaze usebenzise ifowuni.
5. Ukubonelela ngoncedo lokuqala kwixhoba, kukulungele ukuvuselela i-cardiopulmonary and immediately call the service service.

Imithetho yokuziphatha endlwini

Ngaphakathi kwendawo, kwakhona, kukho umngcipheko wokulimala.

1. Ukuba ukuduma kweqhwithela kuqalile kwisitalato, okokuqala kubalulekile ukuvala zonke iifestile kunye neengcango.
2. Kubalulekile ukukhupha zonke izixhobo zombane.
3. Ungasondeli ngefowuni kunye neyezinye iimbambo, ngaba ngabaqhubi begesi. Impembelelo efanayo ifakwe yimibhobho yensimbi, ngoko musa ukuma ecaleni kwiplumbing.
4. Ukwazi indlela umbane webhola owenziwe ngayo kwaye indlela engafanelekanga ngayo umzila wayo, ukuba ungena ekamelweni, kuyimfuneko ukuba ushiye ngokukhawuleza uvale zonke iifestile kunye neengcango. Ukuba ezi zenzo zingenakwenzeka, kungcono ukuma ungapheli.

Ubume abukho phantsi komntu kwaye buninzi bengozi. Zonke iintlobo zombane - oku, ngokuyinhloko, ukukhutshwa kwamandla kagesi kunamandla onke, aphindwe amaxesha amaninzi kunamandla kuyo yonke imithombo eyenziwa ngabantu.