Technique insulin: Action algorithm, iimpawu kunye neziphakamiso

Insulin - hormone pancreatic elawula inkqubo yokucolwa ekudleni kakhulu emzimbeni. Beswele ligazi amaqondo eswekile suka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni imeko kakhulu ezingaqhelekanga. Ngethamsanqa, ngokuba abantu mihla seswekile ayikho isivakalisi. Isixa-insulin kulawulwa lwezitofu ezizodwa. Le ndlela olusisiseko unyango seswekile I kunye nohlobo II ngamanye amaxesha. oyidlayo ubalo senziwa ngamnye ukuba isigulane ngasinye, kodwa ubuchule inaliti insulin iyafana silungiselela wonke uze ufunde inqaku.

Kutheni sifuna ngenaliti?

Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukuba injeke uqalisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kubangela yandisa hormone insulin, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukuphazamiseka iinkqubo yokwetyiswa exchange. Umzimba uba awukwazi ukufumana amandla ukuselwa ukutya nokubandezeleka evela agqithisile glucose ukuba, endaweni yokuba lilo iiseli, oqokelela egazini. Xa kuthe nepancreas karhulumente efana wamkela umqondiso ukuya synthesizing insulin. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba umzimba zokuphula yomsebenzi hormone ngesi nangokomthamo ezincinci. Imeko sibi, kwaye inani insulin yayo, elingumthombo, kuyaphela kiswano.

Ukuze alungise le meko kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokuxhasa iiseli ze-analogu hormone. Therapy ne baqhubeka ubomi. izigulane seswekile izihlandlo eziliqela yenza imihla ngenaliti. Kubalulekile ukwenza yona ngendlela ngexesha, ukwenzela ukuthintela iimeko ezinzima. Insulin ukuvumela ukuba ubenemboniselo yangaphezulu yazo iswekile egazini kunye nokugcina injeke kunye namanye amalungu kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.

imithetho jikelele izitofu

Technique insulin - into yokuqala bafundisa izigulane xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba isifo seswekile. inkqubo elula, kodwa ufuna izakhono ezisisiseko kunye nokuqonda inkqubo. Imfuneko ngokugcinwa imithetho ka aseptic kunye kubola, t. E. inzalo le nkqubo. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukhumbule le mimiselo ilandelayo yococeko eqhelekileyo:

• izandla zakhe phambi inkqubo kumele ukuba zihlanjwe;
• zone Inaliti lutho ngelaphu elifumileyo okanye kubola;
• ukuba isitofu ukusebenzisa iisirinji ezikhethekileyo ezilahlwayo ziinaliti.

Kweli nqanaba, kufuneka wazi ukuba utywala siyitshabalalise insulin. Xa unyango yesikhumba le arhente kufuneka alinde ngumphunga yawo epheleleyo, inkqubo ekuqaleni emva koko.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, insulin ilawulwa kwimizuzu engama-30 phambi kokuba isidlo. Ugqirha, ngokusekelwe iimpawu eyabelwe hormone ezithambileyo imeko yomguli, ukunika iingcebiso amathamo ngabanye amayeza. Ngokuqhelekileyo iintlobo ezimbini amayeza zisetyenziswa emini: kunye release elifutshane okanye ngokuzinzileyo. Technique insulin ne ngandlel ezahlukeneyo.

Apho ukubeka edubuleyo?

Nayiphi Inaliti ibandakanya iindawo ezithile ukuba Kucetyiswa ukuba ngokuziphatha kwawo ngendlela ekhuselekileyo. Kongezwa insulin ayikwazi ingabalelwa kulawulo intramuscular okanye intradermal ukuchwetheza. Le into esebenzayo kunikelwa ezinamanqatha inyama ongama. Emva wadibana insulin kwi izihlunu isiphumo sayo imvakalelo akucingeleki, kwaye kubuhlungu ngexesha inaliti. Ngoko ke, i inaliti alikwazi kubekwa naphi, oko nje ayisebenzi ukuba kakhulu mandundu imeko yesigulane.

Technique insulin kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa ezi ndima zilandelayo umzimba:

• ethangeni sobuKristu;
• isisu (indawo engqonge inkaba);
• ezinqeni zangaphandle ndezela;
• egxalabeni.

Kulo self-inaliti ye izihlalo ezininzi ukhululekile na kwamathanga nesisu. Ezi imimandla emibini ziyilelwe ukuba uhlobo olwahlukileyo insulin. ukukhululwa iinaliti Lwandomeleza ziya kukhethwa kwi inyonga nkqi - Nokuqina okanye emagxeni.

Kutheni na le nto? Iingcali zithi kwamathanga ongama ezityebileyo nezibaya zangaphandle ezimpundwini kukho ukufunxeka kade. Kanye le nto kufuneka ukuba insulin elide-esebenza. Kwelinye icala, ukulungiselela phantse lwephanyazo leseli kweziyobisi emzimbeni ibhalwa esiswini negxalaba.

Yintoni kungcono ngaphandle sites isitofu?

Kufuneka bathobele ukucima izikhokelo malunga isitofu endle yokhetho. Ukuze ibe isithuba phezulu kuphela. Kwaye ukuba isigulane wenza kongezwa zabo, kuhle ukuba akhethe phambi womlenze ukuya arhente elide-esebenza, kunye nesisu - kuba ultrashort kunye analogue insulin-ngokwenza elifutshane. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuqaliswa ichiza emagxeni okanye ezimpundu kunokuba nzima. Kaninzi izigulane azikwazi ngokuzimeleyo kuba likriwa yesikhumba kule mimandla ukuze bangene amanqatha umaleko ongama. Ngenxa yoko, ichiza ngempazamo lesitofu inwebu kwezihlunu, engaquki ukuphucula imeko diabetic.

Kuphephe lipodystrophy izabelo (iindawo ngamanqatha elishiyiweyo ongama) nibuye umva kwendawo naliti sangaphambili malunga-2 cm. Izitofu ziqhutywa kwi ulusu asha okanye abaphilise. Ukwenzela ukuphelisa ezi ndawo ezimbi ukuba inkqubo, qinisekisa ukuba ummandla isitofu ezicwangcisiweyo akukho bomvu, induration, amanxeba, nemivumbo, iimpawu umonakalo nolusu.

Indlela ukutshintsha indawo lwezitofu?

Uninzi seswekile insulin-oxhomekeke. Oku kuthetha ukuba yonke imihla kufuneka ukuphumeza izitofu ezininzi ichiza ukuze uzive kamnandi. Ngoko ke izitofu zone kufuneka rhoqo utshintshe: le nqubo insulin. Algorithm ukuhamba luquka zimo ezintathu:

1. Ukuqhuba i Inaliti kufutshane kwindawo inaliti odlulileyo, layohlala kuye malunga 2 cm.
2. Ukwahlukana ekubangeleni lezabelo 4. Ngexesha le veki, sebenzisa omnye wabo, koko ugqithele elinye elilandelayo. Oku kuvumela ulusu kwezinye iindawo ukuze aphumle kwakhona. Ukususela inaliti ngokwesahlulo efanayo ukugcina kumgama iisentimitha ezimbalwa.
3. Yahlula ummandla ekhethiweyo kubini, nibanqunqe yanjalo ngamnye kubo.

Technique insulin ongama ivumela ukuba ahlangule into esebenzayo kwi emzimbeni ngeqondo elifunekayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba emayilandelwe xa kukhethwa le ndawo rhoqo. Umzekelo, ukuba ichiza isigulane elide-esebenza Yaqala nokuzazisa kwi esinqeni, ngasemva kwaye kufuneka siqhubeke. Kungenjalo, izinga ukufunxeka insulin iya kuba ezahlukileyo, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ukuhla xa amaqondo eswekile yegazi.

Ukubalwa idosi ukuba abantu abadala

Ukukhetha insulin - inkqubo kwenzelwe nje ngabanye. Kwi imali ngemihla isincomo yi ziiyunithi ichiza ezichatshazelwe ezahlukeneyo parameters, kuquka ubunzima bomzimba kunye "ukuxatyiswa" kwesi sifo. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba, ngokubanzi, imfuno imihla isigulane kunye seswekile sinwenwa xa insulin ngaphantsi kwe unit 1 per 1 kg ubunzima bomzimba wayo. Ukuba le Ungeno eliqingqiweyo, iingxaki ukuphuhlisa.

Le ndlela yokubala jikelele yokubala insulin idosi ichanekile ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

D _d × M, apho:

• D _d - idosi yemihla ngemihla;
• M - ubunzima yomzimba yesigulane.

Njengoko kubonakala ifomula, ukubalwa lolawulo insulin ubuchule lixhomekeke ixabiso elililo umzimba ukuze insulin kunye ubunzima emzimbeni wakhe. Isalathisi lokuqala uzimisele ngokusekelwe ubungqongqo esi sifo, ubudala isigulane kunye 'ubude' diabetes.

Ekubeni ubufumene idosi yemihla ngemihla, wenze ubalo. Intlawulo yexesha-nye, ungafaka units diabetic hayi ngaphezulu kwe-40, yaye emini - kuluhlu kweeyunithi 70-80.

Umzekelo yokubala ithamo insulin

Zicingele ubunzima seswekile ngu-85 kg, kwaye D _d yi 0.8 U / kg. Yenza izibalo: iiyunithi 85 × 0.8 = 68. Esi sixa-mali iyonke kwencindi efunekayo ngosuku kumguli. Ukubala umthamo iziyobisi elide-ngokwenza, inani ngenxa umahlule ngo ezimbini: iiyunithi 68 ÷ 2 = 34. Amathamo ingxolo phakathi kusasa isitofu rhatya umlinganiselo we-2 ukuya 1. Kulo mzekelo, jikani 22 IU 12 IU.

Xa "imfutshane" insulin iiyunithi 34 (ukusuka 68 DSA). ukusasazeka kwayo on isitofu-3 ezilandelelanayo phambi nokutya, ngokuxhomekeke kwisixa ekujongwe carbohydrate esingena okanye izahlulo bebambene, wabele-40% kusasa ne-30% e-sasemini kunye ngokuhlwa. Kulo mzekelo, abaneswekile kwazisa ED 14 phambi iiyunithi isidlo sakusasa kunye-10, phambi kokuba adle nesangokuhlwa.

Ezinye izikimu zinokwenzeka kwaye insulin, apho insulin elide-sokubambela ngakumbi "mfutshane". Ukubalwa amathamo kufuneka kuyo nayiphi na imeko inkxaso kumetwa amaqondo eswekile yegazi kunye kweliso n'wina kakuhle-ntle.

Ukubalwa esithathwa abantwana

omzimba womntwana kufuneka insulin ngaphezu abadala. Oku kungenxa yokukhula olunzulu kunye nophuhliso. Kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba uxilongo lwesifo kwekilogram ubunzima bomzimba yomntwana ngamnye we-units 0.5-0.6 avareji. Emva kweminyaka 5, idosi idla banda 1 U / kg. Kwaye oku kumda: in elivisayo umzimba ingathatha 1.5-2 U / kg. Kamva, ixabiso kunciphisa 1 IU. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha elide imfuneko decompensation seswekile ngenxa zolawulo insulin landile ukuya 3 IU / kg. Ixabiso le kancane kancane, ekhokelela umthombo.

Nge ubudala, yaye litshintsha umlinganiselo elide elifutshane kunye nesenzo hormone: kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 isixa nakolu le ndawo kweziyobisi, ukuba lokufikisa yehliswe kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, insulin inaliti ubuchule abantwana akukho kwahluka ngokubeka ngenaliti omdala. Umahluko kuphela ngokwemithamo ngemihla kunye neyunithi kunye nohlobo yenaliti.

Indlela yokwenza edubuleyo usebenzisa isirinji insulin?

Kuxhomekeka uhlobo seswekile yokulungiselela usebenzisa iisirinji ezizodwa okanye usiba. Cylinder insulin iisirinji kwicandelo langoku isikali, ixabiso apho abadala kufuneka alingane 1 IU, nabantwana - iiyunithi 0.5. Phambi emnweni kufuneka enze uthotho amanyathelo ezilandelelanayo ukuba kufuna indlela insulin. I algorithm usebenzisa isirinji insulin ngu:

1. Kubola bagcobe ngesandla, ukuba alungiselele isirinji yifake emoyeni ukuphawula awayecwangcisiwe leeyunithi.
2. Stick ngenaliti igutyana insulin, ndimkhulule ngayo emoyeni. Emva koko uchwetheze igama isirinji beziyobisi ngakumbi kancinane kunokuba kuyimfuneko.
3. Cinezela i isirinji ukususa maqampu. Insulin release kwemfuneko emva igutyana.
4. inaliti wayizalela, wazisula ngelaphu elifumileyo okanye kubola. Yakha ndezela (hayi ezifunekayo neenaliti ezimfutshane). Faka inaliti kwi kwisiseko lomphetho ulusu kwi-engile okanye 45⁰ 90⁰ ukuya kumphezulu esikhumbeni. Ngaphandle ukhulula emhlambini, tyhala impompo kude kube sekupheleni.
5. Emva kwemizuzwana 10-15 kukhululwe emhlambini, susa inaliti.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuxuba NPH-insulin kweziyobisi ukuzuza phezu mgaqo iingqayi ezahlukeneyo, pre ukuvuma umoya ngamnye kubo. Technique insulin isenzo abantwana algorithm luthatha efanayo.

Inaliti usebenzisa usiba

amachiza zangoku ukulawula amaqondo eswekile yegazi sivame usiba okhethekileyo. Bathe ezilahlwayo okanye esebenza kunye neenaliti replaceable kunye idosi ezahlukeneyo ukwahlula. isenzo Technique insulin ongama iquka algorithm ilandelayo:

• ukuba umxube insulin efanelekileyo (twist kwi ezintendeni okanye isandla elisezantsi ngesirinji kunye nobude igxalaba phantsi);
• 1-2 IU ukukhululwa emoyeni ukuqinisekisa patency yenaliti;
• aluka mqengqeleki ekupheleni emzimbeni walo, ukucwangcisa idosi efunekayo;
• yakha ndezela kwaye wenze shot efana ubuchule isitofu insulin ngesirinji;
• emva ulawulo kweziyobisi ulinde imizuzwana 10 ukuya ukususa inaliti;
• ikepusi ukuvala kuyo, ukuba ndigungxule umqulu (iinaliti ezilahlwayo);
• uvale ubuhlanti.

imisebenzi efanayo lwenziwa ukuba isitofu abantwana.

Diabetes sinwenwa - imeko kakhulu ukuba ufuna esweni rhoqo amaqondo eswekile yegazi kunye ayilawule kunye inaliti ye-insulin. Le ndlela Inaliti ilula yaye zifikeleleke kubo bonke: into eziphambili - khumbula isiza wolawulo. Umthetho esisiseko - ukungena amanqatha ongama ukwenza kwi emhlambini esikhumbeni. Yazisa ngenaliti kwi-engile 45⁰ okanye nkqo kumphezulu nizihlabe ibhola. Inkqubo elula yaye ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ufunde imiyalelo ukusebenza kwawo.